Bioremediation technologies are used in order to remove pollutants from the environment in a safe, economical and harmless way during the treatment of waste, especially with the use of techniques ...such as biodegradation. A lubricant and vegetable oil contaminated water sample was studied in order to evaluate the biodegradability of different types of oils, considering the relevance of the obtained data in the bioremediation procedures. The objective of this paper is to use respirometry technique as a biodegradation process data source, and then apply to the obtained data the experimental design of mathematical models to characterize and determinate how the different types of oils are capable of affecting the parameters in biodegradation kinetics. The kinetics was then evaluated through selected models with a reasonable fit to experimental data. The Bartha and Pramer respirometer is used as a method to accurately measure the CO2 formation in the organic compounds degradation by microorganisms. Therefore, the difference in biodegradation efficiency process is compared in the different groups of oils using mathematical models fitting the obtained data for the kinetics of biodegradation. The results demonstrated that used lubricant automotive oils are more susceptible to the biodegradation process, since their molecular structures had already been altered after use. In general, automotive lubricant oils shown better performance in biodegradation than vegetable oils. The models proposed for the obtained data in each of these assays demonstrated that vegetable oils biodegradation rate tends to decrease faster and end sooner than the automotive oils. Also, the modeling predicted that higher rates of biodegradation and total CO2 production are to be expected in automotive lubricant oils rather than vegetable oils.
Nanomedicine has the potential to transform clinical care in the 21st century. However, a precise understanding of how nanomaterial design parameters such as size, shape and composition affect the ...mammalian immune system is a prerequisite for the realization of nanomedicine's translational promise. Herein, we make use of the recently developed Particle Replication in Non-wetting Template (PRINT) fabrication process to precisely fabricate particles across and the nano- and micro-scale with defined shapes and compositions to address the role of particle design parameters on the murine innate immune response in both in vitro and in vivo settings. We find that particles composed of either the biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or the biocompatible polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) do not cause release of pro-inflammatory cytokines nor inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. When instilled into the lungs of mice, particle composition and size can augment the number and type of innate immune cells recruited to the lungs without triggering inflammatory responses as assayed by cytokine release and histopathology. Smaller particles (80320 nm) are more readily taken up in vivo by monocytes and macrophages than larger particles (6 mu m diameter), yet particles of all tested sizes remained in the lungs for up to 7 days without clearance or triggering of host immunity. These results suggest rational design of nanoparticle physical parameters can be used for sustained and localized delivery of therapeutics to the lungs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on mechanical properties was evaluated also the osteoinduction mechanism in Chitosan/MWCNT composite is reported. The morphology and ...the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were controlled by varying solvent ratios, quenching temperatures and carbon nanotubes concentration. In vitro cell culture of Sprague-Dawley rat's osteoblasts was used to evaluate the phenotype expression of cells in the scaffolds. The presence of MWCNT in a chitosan matrix improving its mechanical properties and sustain osteoblast growth and differentiation that represent a potential application of the Chitosan/MWCNT as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
BIODEGRADABLE MICRONEEDLES
Frontispiece: In article number 2100171 by Matsuhiko Nishizawa and co‐workers, an array of porous microneedles (PMN) made of biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) ...(PLGA) is developed by a combination of molding and freeze‐drying methods. The reinforced PLGA‐PMN shows sufficient strength for insertion into a porcine skin and enables ionic connection and water permeation through its porous structure.
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•Inspired by bird nest structures, innovatively developed cellulose-PLA biofoam via co-assembly and thermal welding.•Biofoam features low density, high compression strength, good ...thermal-water stability, and exceptional degradation rates.•Biofoam holds promise as a sustainable alternative to standard plastic foams, mitigating “white pollution.”
Traditional plastic foam, typically derived from fossil fuel-based polymers that are resistant to natural degradation, faces environmental challenges. As an alternative, cellulose, a biodegradable polymer, shows promise in the production of eco-friendly foam. Nonetheless, its reliance on hydrogen bonding between fibers poses limitations for practical applications. Here, drawing inspiration from bird nest structures, a straightforward and scalable method (co-assembly and thermal welding) has been developed for creating cellulose-PLA biofoam. The resulting biofoam displays advantageous properties such as low density (12.9 ∼ 27.1 kg/m3), high compression strength (modulus of 12.1 MPa·cm3·g−1), good thermal stability, and water stability (maintaining structural integrity in water). Moreover, it exhibits exceptional degradation rates (significant degradation within 40 days) and recyclability. Thus, this biofoam holds promise as a sustainable alternative to standard plastic foams, mitigating “white pollution.”
In this paper, a submerged membrane bioreactor was used to treat 'higher-load' grey water: a) kitchen-sink wastewater only, and b) a mixture of kitchen-sink wastewater and washing-machine wastewater. ...For each type of wastewater, three systems operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were investigated. In the mixture of kitchen-sink wastewater and washing-machine wastewater, the reactor with a short HRT of four hours was stopped due to foaming. It has been observed that for both types of wastewater, an HRT of eight hours or longer can be used for the treatment. However, it has been observed that a higher COD in the permeate of the mixture can be obtained compared with that of the kitchen-sink wastewater only. This indicated that washing-machine wastewater has some component that is not easily biodegradable. The total linear akylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) removal was > 99% even at a concentration of 10-23 mg l super(-1).
With a growing demand for packaging materials and witnessing many landfills and huge garbage islands floating in the Pacific oceans, the need for an alternative material such as bio-degradable ...plastics has risen. Cellulose-based materials are already in use in several packaging industries. Nanocellulose, a processed cellulose with a specific nanostructure, have several advantages such as high specific strength, modulus, high surface area and unique optical properties. By varying the crosslinking percentages, the kinetics of degradation can be tailored. In this work, extracted cellulose from sugarcane bagasse was hydrolyzed to obtain nanocellulose, which was used to fabricate packaging films (membrane) with PVA as matrix and nanocellulose. Variations of PVA and nanocellulose loadings, and crosslinking agent ratios. In the fabricated films were investigated for chemical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and topographical properties. Results from the degradation tests under appropriate physically simulated environments have suggested that the crosslinking has enhanced the mechanical properties, extent of degradation was dependent on percentages of crosslinking. A real-world device packaging application was demonstrated by encapsulation of perovskite solar cells with the fabricated nanocellulose film revealed that the lifetime of the devices improved which might be indicative of the film having lower permeability for oxygen and moisture.
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•Utilization of Agricultural residues for packaging applications.•Biodegradable cellulose-based materials used for device packaging.•Extraction and isolation of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse.•Nanocellulose was crosslinked to tailor mechanical and degradative behavior.•Perovskite solar cell encapsulated with nanocellulose film showed extended stability.
In this research, the appearance of easily biodegradable organic material in ozonation and granular activated coal (GAC) filtration was studied. The amount of bioactivity was measured by conventional ...AOC analyses used in two different modes and also using quite a new growth potential (GP) method. GAC filtration without ozone doubled the amount of AOC of the chemically treated surface water, whereas by ozonation with GAC filtration it was possible to halve the amount of the AOC. The measurement of GP was noticeably simpler than measuring AOC, but for wider use more parallel studies are needed for the comparability of the results of the analysis.
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