This paper reviews the main advances in photo-Fenton oxidation treatment for recalcitrant wastewaters. This oxidation method is able to produce biodegradable intermediates and mineralize such ...pollutants effectively when the main operational conditions are at optimum level. However, cost of the process is one of the main limitations. Several strategies have been put in practice to minimize cost and improve photo-Fenton efficiency primarily through application of heterogeneous catalysts and/or chelating agents. In addition, cost can be further reduced by applying solar energy and integrating biological treatment technologies in the treatment process.
Within the frame of the sustainable development, new materials are being conceived in order to increase their biodegradability properties. Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three ...stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralisation) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). The aim of this review is to emphasise the importance of measure as well as possible, the last stage of the biodegradation, in order to certify the integration of new materials into the biogeochemical cycles. Finally, we give a perspective to use the natural labelling of stable isotopes in the environment, by means of a new methodology based on the isotopic fractionation to validate assimilation by microorganisms.
When a new wastewater treatment plant is being designed by computer simulation, detailed data about organic fractions of influent wastewater (measured as chemical oxygen demand) are usually not ...available, but knowledge of the typical ranges of these fractions is indispensable. The influent chemical oxygen demand fractions can substantially influence the results of simulation-based design such as reactor volumes, solids residence time, effluent quality, oxygen demand, sludge production, etc. This article attempts to give an overview of wastewater organic fractions as modeling parameters and presents new chemical oxygen demand fractionation results from Hungary. According to the data from literature, the ratio of chemical oxygen demand components in raw wastewater is very different and the average composition is as follows: Inert particulate = 17.1%, slowly biodegradable = 57.9%, inert soluble = 7.8% and readily biodegradable = 17.5%. The Hungarian wastewater samples were analyzed according to STOWA (Dutch foundation for applied water research) protocol and the obtained results were not much different from those of literature (inert particulate = 23.7%, slowly biodegradable = 49.8%, inert soluble = 4.6% and readily biodegradable = 21.9%), but some typical characteristics were observed.
Inorganic nanomaterials that have inherently exceptional physicochemical properties (
e.g.
, catalytic, optical, thermal, electrical, or magnetic performance) that can provide desirable functionality ...(
e.g.
, drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, or therapy) have considerable potential for application in the field of biomedicine. However, toxicity can be caused by the long-term, non-specific accumulation of these inorganic nanomaterials in healthy tissues, preventing their large-scale clinical utilization. Over the past several decades, the emergence of biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials has offered the potential to prevent such long-term toxicity. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the design of such nanomaterials and their metabolic pathways within the body is essential for enabling the expansion of theranostic applications for various diseases and advancing clinical trials. Thus, it is of critical importance to develop biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of biodegradable and clearable inorganic nanomaterials, particularly for application in cancer theranostics and other disease therapies. The future prospects and opportunities in this rapidly growing biomedical field are also discussed. We believe that this timely and comprehensive review will stimulate and guide additional in-depth studies in the area of inorganic nanomedicine, as rapid
in vivo
clearance and degradation is likely to be a prerequisite for the future clinical translation of inorganic nanomaterials with unique properties and functionality.
Inorganic nanomaterials with inherently exceptional physicochemical properties and rapid clearance behavior would find wide biomedical applications.
Leachate is a liquid that comes from processed waste generation so that it contains compounds that are harmful or toxic to the environment. The quality of the leachate obtained included COD: 3,315 ...mg/l, BOD: 339 mg/l, TSS: 216 mg/l, and color 3,1210 Pt.Co. Waste processing site Temesi has a BOD/COD ratio of 0.11, this value is not suitable for using biological treatment because the biodegradability value is small so it is difficult for microorganisms to degrade existing pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to have an pretreatment that is used to increase the value of biodegradability, one of which is oxidation using ozone. Ozone has a strong oxidizing value so that it can produce free radicals to break long chains of pollutants so that they become simpler. This research on ozone oxidation resulted in an increase in the BOD/COD ratio from 0,1 to 0.14 with a generator capacity of 36 g/hour. In this study, an ozone generator of 100 G/hour was used which increased the BOD/COD ratio to 0.46 with a final COD yield of 815 mg/l increasing BOD to 379 mg/l, TSS become 157,62 mg/L and color become 23.642 Pt.Co.
Calcium silicate is a common implant material with excellent mechanical strength and good biological activity. In recent years, the addition of strengthening materials to calcium silicate has been ...proven to promote bone tissue regeneration, but its degradation properties require further improvements. In this paper, calcium silicate was used as the matrix, and 10 wt% hydroxyapatite and 10 wt% strontium phosphate were added to im prove the biological activity of the scaffold. The effect of adding different amounts of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) on the degradation of the scaffold was explored. A porous ceramic scaffold was prepared by digital light processing (DLP) technology, and its performance was evaluated. Cell experiments showed that the addition of calcium sulfate improved cell proliferation and differentiation. Simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion tests showed that small amounts of apatite deposits appeared on the fourth day, larger deposits appeared on the 14th day, and degradation occurred on the surface after 28 days of immersion. Mechanical tests showed that the addition of 5 wt% CaSO4·2H2O improved the compressibility of the composite. After soaking in SBF for 14 days, it retained its compressive strength (11.8 MPa), which meets the requirements of cancellous bone, demonstrating its potential application value for bone repair.
Water pollution by recalcitrant organic contaminants is a recognized issue of significant concern since a wide range of these contaminants has been found in environmental matrices resulting in severe ...environmental and health issues. The role of wastewater treatment technologies is becoming more critical with the growing presence of these recalcitrant organic compounds in water. The removal of these compounds from environmental matrices has proved a difficult challenge for the scientific and technical community, as no single process is available for their degradation and mineralization. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) possess a great ability to treat a wide variety of these pollutants and to improve the biodegradability of wastewater. Still, they have some important drawbacks like high operational costs resulting from the consumption of energy and chemicals. In this framework, technological advancement, including the integration of AOPs with biological treatment, may help in reducing the pollutant concentration to the desired level, ensuring the better quality of water. This review addresses the combination of AOPs and biological processes used for the degradation of organic pollutants present in waters and wastewaters. Recent works on the combination of AOP and biological processes are summarized and discussed, including scientific, technical and economic aspects. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for this line of research are presented.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoates biopolymers could impact the global climate scenario by replacing the conventional non-degradable, petrochemical-based polymer. The biogenesis, ...characterization and properties of PHAs by
species using renewable substrates have been elaborated by many for their wide applications. On the other hand
species are advantageous over other bacteria due to their abundance even in extreme ecological conditions, higher growth rates even on cheap substrates, higher PHAs production ability, and the ease of extracting the PHAs.
species possess hydrolytic enzymes that can be exploited for economical PHAs production. This review summarizes the recent trends in both non-growth and growth associated PHAs production by
species which may provide direction leading to future research towards this growing quest for biodegradable plastics, one more critical step ahead towards sustainable development.
Abstract
Plastic bottle waste can damages the environment in the sea and land. Plastic bottles are non-biodegradable, it takes decades to decompose. The author got a creative idea to utilizing ...plastic bottle waste into eco friendly wayang design. The research using qualitative methods and prototype designs as a result of research, this program directed at creative process in responding to environmental sustainability and growing childrens awareness used of plastic bottle waste. New concept to answer in the environmental problems and introduces wayang as Indonesian culture which is made from plastic bottle waste.
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