When Sex Changed Craig, Layne Parish
2013, 20131101, 2013-11-01
eBook
InWhen Sex Changed, Layne Parish Craig analyzes the ways literary texts responded to the political, economic, sexual, and social values put forward by the birth control movements of the 1910s to the ...1930s in the United States and Great Britain.
Discussion of contraception and related topics (including feminism, religion, and eugenics) changed the way that writers depicted women, marriage, and family life. Tracing this shift, Craig compares disparate responses to the birth control controversy, from early skepticism by mainstream feminists, reflected in Charlotte Perkins Gilman'sHerland, to concern about the movement's race and class implications suggested in Nella Larsen'sQuicksand, to enthusiastic speculation about contraception's political implications, as in Virginia Woolf'sThree Guineas.
While these texts emphasized birth control's potential to transform marriage and family life and emancipate women from the "slavery" of constant childbearing, birth control advocates also used less-than-liberatory language that excluded the poor, the mentally ill, non-whites, and others. Ultimately, Craig argues, the debates that began in these early political and literary texts-texts that document both the birth control movement's idealism and its exclusionary rhetoric-helped shape the complex legacy of family planning and women's rights with which the United States and the United Kingdom still struggle.
OBJECTIVE: Complete bilateral salpingectomy (CBS) can decrease the risk of developing ovarian cancer, although adoption of CBS at cesarean delivery (CD) for permanent contraception has been low. The ...primary objective was to measure the annual rates of CBS at CD before and after an educational initiative. The secondary objective was to assess rates of providers who offer CBS at CD and their comfort level with the procedure. METHODS: We performed an observational study of OBGYN physicians who perform CD at a single institution. We compared the annual rates of CBS among CD with permanent contraception procedures from the year before and the year after an in-person OBGYN Grand Rounds presentation on December 5, 2019 reviewing the latest research on opportunistic CBS at the time of CD. To evaluate the secondary objectives, anonymous surveys were administered to physicians in-person the month before the presentation. The statistical analysis included chi-square, Fisher's exact test, T-test, ANOVA, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test. RESULTS: After our educational intervention, annual rates of CBS at CD increased from 5.1% 12/05/2018- 12/04/2019 to 31.8% 12/5/2019-12/4/2020 (p<0.001), and up to 52% in the last study quarter (p<0.001). Surgical outcomes were similar between tubal ligation and CBS, except for a 5-minute increased total operative time for CBS (p=0.005). Fifty physicians completed the survey prior to the presentation (93% response rate). All physicians offered CBS at time of hysterectomy and interval sterilization, while only 36% offered CBS at time of CD. More physicians felt comfortable performing a CBS with bipolar electrocautery (90%) than suture ligation (56%). CONCLUSION: Our presentation-based educational initiative was associated with a significant increase in performance of CBS at the time of CD.
An Evidence-Based Update on Contraception Britton, Laura E.; Alspaugh, Amy; Greene, Madelyne Z. ...
The American journal of nursing,
02/2020, Letnik:
120, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Contraception is widely used in the United States, and nurses in all settings may encounter patients who are using or want to use contraceptives. Nurses may be called on to anticipate how family ...planning intersects with other health care services and provide patients with information based on the most current evidence. This article describes key characteristics of nonpermanent contraceptive methods, including mechanism of action, correct use, failure rates with perfect and typical use, contraindications, benefits, side effects, discontinuation procedures, and innovations in the field. We also discuss how contraceptive care is related to nursing ethics and health inequities.
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