Background: Blind people are underprivileged from visual experience and visual imaginary that result them to become more dependent on haptic system for the job of tactile perception. Thus, the ...self-guided tactile investigation in blind individuals enables them to recognize the shapes more rapidly than the sighted counterparts. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to see the increased tactile perception among the blind than the blind folded sighted subjects. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 150 blind and 181 blindfolded sighted subjects. In this, each subject was instructed to arrange the aluminum oxide abrasive sand papers of different grit size having grade 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 200, 240, 360, 400, and 600 from rough to smooth as fast and accurate as possible in seconds to express the functions of haptic sense. Results: The present study showed that the blind subjects had outperformed in terms of speed and accuracy of tactile perception. Conclusions: Lack of vision among blind individuals enables their brain to enhance the sense of vision and the previous tactile exposure and memories along with their regular practice enhance the touch perception in terms of speed and accuracy.
Braille Tonik Deserves More Attention Lotfi, Gholamreza
International journal of motor control and learning,
5/2022, Letnik:
4, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Under the publishing an article in the previous issue of the journal entitled “Comparison of the Effectiveness of Braille Tonik Exercises and Physical Fitness on the Coordination and Memory of ...Housewives in Mashhad” (Farzane, 2022), I considered it necessary to provide explanations under the title of the letter to the editor. Braille Tonik exercises were invented in the early part of the new century by an Iranian social activist named Yasman Moayedi and have been recognized in Iran since 2012 by a group of enthusiasts. There is a lot of activity in this field, but perhaps France, which has been an official organization for Braille Tonik since 2009, can be introduced as the biggest developer of this field. Braille Tonik exercises, which are based on coding and semiotics and inspired by the letters of the International Touch Alphabet (Braille), have unique features that can be used as an independent discipline or in combination with other occupations and sports exercises and by all people in any age group and with any level of physical and motor abilities. The nature of this field with its different tendencies has wide capacities to create attractiveness and diversity and increase creativity in the audience and can be performed as a group or individually. The philosophy of this field, which is licensed by the NGO Peace and Friendship, is as a common language to promote peace and friendship between nations through the movement and teaching of various subjects, especially languages and cultures. In recent years, although numerous research activities have been carried out mainly as master's theses of students of different sports sciences in Bu-Ali Sina, Alzahra and other universities to explain the effects of Braille Tonik exercises on different fitness, physical, psychological and social dimensions of different age groups of athletes, the elderly, typical children and special groups such as perceptual – motor abilities in grade 1 male students) and elementary school female students. However, the publication of results in the form of articles has rarely happened such as static, dynamic balance and psychological factors in adult women (Amirizade & et al., 2020) and motor skills of educable children with intellectual disability (Dehghanizade & et al., 2018). This trend is also observed internationally. It is interesting that the way of pronouncing the name of this field and also the way of writing its name are not seen in the same way in different texts, so it is because the publication of Farzane (2022) is a pleasure. In short, Braille Tonik exercises with the ability to affect different physical, psychological, and social dimensions of a wide range of people with different genders, ages and levels of ability that can be learned and performed in any place and time, and on the other hand as a sport, holding competitions at different levels deserves more attention from the general public and researchers. Braille Tonik as one of the important capacities of public sports is comparable to disciplines such as Pilates, Yoga and Tai Chi, which can be specially combined with a variety of music. Braille Tonik research attractions include a variety of movements and orientations (which helps motivate participants), the ability to change the level of difficulty of the task (which makes it applicable to different age groups and people with disabilities to skilled athletes). The ability to measure the learning of skills (through objective and simple tests) and the ability to plan and execute in different environments (laboratory and field) noted.
Braille character recognition(BCR) is a basic step in building and designing any Braille assistive technology. Each Braille character is represented by a 2 × 3 matrix of raised dots (called a cell), ...which can be read by touch. This study introduces a generalized recognition approach based on an ensemble of transfer learning models for BCR. The study experiments are performed on two benchmark English Braille datasets (handwritten Braille – Omniglot (HBO), and Braille character (BC)), and a new dataset of Arabic Braille characters collected by our group called Arabic Braille (AB). First, we investigate the performance of 17- transfer learning models on the three datasets. Then, we build three ensemble approaches based on majority voting from the most effective two, three, and four models in each dataset. The experimental results reveal that the ensemble of DarkNet-53, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, and DenseNet-201 is a more generalizable ensemble approach for BCR. It achieves a higher F1 score and lesser generalization error (Etest) value than each individual transfer learning model. The F1 scores of the introduced ensemble reached 89.42%, 99.58%, and 97.11% on the HBO, BC, and AB datasets, respectively, with Etest values of 10.47%, 0.43%, and 3.23%. While the F1 scores of the DarkNet-53 which is the most effective single model on the three datasets are 87.54%, 99.14%, and 94.73, with Etest values of 12.79%, 0.85%, and 5.31%, respectively.
Though the Traditional method of teaching Braille script for the blind is simple, yet it has some potential drawbacks. Handling the marbles and the slate for a first-time does make learning very ...difficult. In most cases, the teacher will also be blind, so for each representation, the teacher must reach each student’s slate and change the arrangement of the marbles. This is a harder and time taking job. This project focuses on the design and development of an embedded system based electronic assistive device which eases the problem of teaching visually challenged beginner. This Project is implemented using an ordinary Braille slate with IR sensors and Raspberry Pi 2 Model B board which is cost-effective and simple. The Software is implemented in Simulink of MATLAB R2020. The placing of the marbles in the slate is sensed by the IR Proximity sensor. If the combination of the marbles placed is correct, then the Raspberry Pi’s Text to speak converter produces the audio sound output of the corresponding letter. This method provides an easy way of teaching Braille Script with less effort for the teacher.
In braille publications, such as braille books and textbooks, tactile graphics, and diagrams incorporate both convex and concave points and lines on gridlines. However, scholarly knowledge concerning ...the tactile readability of concave stimuli in braille materials is limited, and quantitative guidelines are needed to facilitate the identification of easily distinguishable concave stimuli. This study focused on the applied pressure and touch positions while exploring concave lines and conducting discrimination experiments. The results revealed that when exploring with light pressure or tracing along the convex lines, identification times were longer and confidence levels were lower. These findings suggest the importance of considering pressure and touch positions in tactile instruction, with implications for improving the design and readability of tactile materials for individuals with visual impairments.
Public service is something that can be accessed by the community, including for people with disabilities. Changes in the public needs of the community including people with disabilities are growing ...so that it requires an innovation that can equalize it. Public service innovation is a method for increasing change in order to encourage improvement in the quality of public services. Therefore, the City Government of Malang seeks to improve health services specifically for people with visual disabilities by forming innovations in the form of Braille. Braille innovations were made by the government in order to create equitable public services in the community. The government's goal to make this innovation is in order to create equitable public services in the community. In addition, this innovation is a form of commitment of Malang City to inclusive services and a form of commitment to alignments specifically for people with visual impairments. This study aims to determine the ability of Braille innovation in improving health services for people with visual impairments. The method used in this research is the study of literature. As in the application of innovation, there are driving and inhibiting factors. The driving factor is in the form of support from the Mayor of Malang through Malang City Regulation No. 2 of 2014 and officers receive training. Whereas the inhibiting factor of this innovation is only when building a guiding block that requires quite a lot of costs. However, the innovations provided are able to improve the quality of health services to the community. Even now, Puskesmas Janti Malang has become the first referral health service pilot site for people with visual impairments to receive treatment.
The distributed network of receptors, neurons, and synapses in the somatosensory system efficiently processes complex tactile information. We used flexible organic electronics to mimic the functions ...of a sensory nerve. Our artificial afferent nerve collects pressure information (1 to 80 kilopascals) from clusters of pressure sensors, converts the pressure information into action potentials (0 to 100 hertz) by using ring oscillators, and integrates the action potentials from multiple ring oscillators with a synaptic transistor. Biomimetic hierarchical structures can detect movement of an object, combine simultaneous pressure inputs, and distinguish braille characters. Furthermore, we connected our artificial afferent nerve to motor nerves to construct a hybrid bioelectronic reflex arc to actuate muscles. Our system has potential applications in neurorobotics and neuroprosthetics.
We propose a simple and novel circular diaphragm-micro-stylus based single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tactile sensor for reading Standard English Grade-1 Braille cells. The surface protrusions on the ...cells are transduced into strain variations on the FBG sensor, bonded along the line of symmetry of the diaphragm, by a free, vertically moving Micro-Stylus (MS). The tension mode of the diaphragm and the mass of the micro-styli are varied to optimize the sensing properties of the system. The maximum sensitivity of 1.786nm/mm is exhibited by the sensor system with the highest mass of the MS (MS-1; 167mg) in the highest tension mode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">770~\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula>). The repeatability error and resolution of the sensor in the aforementioned configurations are found to be 0.028nm and 559nm respectively. The proposed sensor system displayed good linearity, repeatability, high resolution, and easily adjustable sensitivity in the present scenario.
PDF
