Public service is something that can be accessed by the community, including for people with disabilities. Changes in the public needs of the community including people with disabilities are growing ...so that it requires an innovation that can equalize it. Public service innovation is a method for increasing change in order to encourage improvement in the quality of public services. Therefore, the City Government of Malang seeks to improve health services specifically for people with visual disabilities by forming innovations in the form of Braille. Braille innovations were made by the government in order to create equitable public services in the community. The government's goal to make this innovation is in order to create equitable public services in the community. In addition, this innovation is a form of commitment of Malang City to inclusive services and a form of commitment to alignments specifically for people with visual impairments. This study aims to determine the ability of Braille innovation in improving health services for people with visual impairments. The method used in this research is the study of literature. As in the application of innovation, there are driving and inhibiting factors. The driving factor is in the form of support from the Mayor of Malang through Malang City Regulation No. 2 of 2014 and officers receive training. Whereas the inhibiting factor of this innovation is only when building a guiding block that requires quite a lot of costs. However, the innovations provided are able to improve the quality of health services to the community. Even now, Puskesmas Janti Malang has become the first referral health service pilot site for people with visual impairments to receive treatment.
We propose a simple and novel circular diaphragm-micro-stylus based single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tactile sensor for reading Standard English Grade-1 Braille cells. The surface protrusions on the ...cells are transduced into strain variations on the FBG sensor, bonded along the line of symmetry of the diaphragm, by a free, vertically moving Micro-Stylus (MS). The tension mode of the diaphragm and the mass of the micro-styli are varied to optimize the sensing properties of the system. The maximum sensitivity of 1.786nm/mm is exhibited by the sensor system with the highest mass of the MS (MS-1; 167mg) in the highest tension mode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">770~\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula>). The repeatability error and resolution of the sensor in the aforementioned configurations are found to be 0.028nm and 559nm respectively. The proposed sensor system displayed good linearity, repeatability, high resolution, and easily adjustable sensitivity in the present scenario.
This study examines the use of braille contractions in a corpus of spelling tests from braille-reading children in grades 1-4, with particular attention to braille contractions that create mismatches ...with morphological structure. Braille is a tactile writing system that enables people who are blind or visually impaired to read and write. In English and many other languages, reading and writing braille is not simply a matter of transliterating between print letters and their braille equivalents; Unified English Braille (the official braille system used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and several other English-speaking countries) contains 180 contractions—one or more braille cells that represent whole words or strings of letters. In some words, the prescriptive rules for correct braille usage cause contractions to bridge morphological boundaries and to obscure the spellings of stems and affixes. We demonstrate that, when the prescriptive rules for correct braille usage flout morphological structure, young braille spellers generally follow the morphology rather than the orthographic rules. This work establishes that morphology matters for young braille learners. We discuss the potential impact of our findings on braille research, development, and pedagogy, and we suggest ways in which our findings contribute to understanding the nature of orthographic morphemes and the place of braille in the reading sciences.
The spectacular concept of integrating OCR with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), presented in this study, intends to increase the autonomy and social inclusion of ...people with visual impairments and deaf-blindness. This application converts text from photographs into real-time Braille representations by utilizing the capabilities of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology, Braille displays, and IoT. Braille is a tactile form of writing which assists the visually impaired by representing letters and numbers with raised dots. Text recognition and conversion through OCR helps people with vision issues by converting printed text into accessible formats like audio or Braille, assisting people in with recognizing things around them. Individuals with visual impairments are given autonomous access to critical information by smoothly integrating modern technologies, boosting their self-confidence and promoting active social involvement. This OCR-Braille approach's primary objective is to minimize the knowledge gap and promote social equality. Users' ease of access to labels, educational resources, and digital information about their environment fosters a sense of empowerment and independence. This ground-breaking study not only eliminates the accessibility gap but also provides the groundwork for a society that is better linked and accessible. Individuals have access to the tools they need for independently navigating their surroundings through simple IoT connectivity and WSN. This research lays the path for a future for assistive technology to catalyze equality and independence, independent of one's visual ability, by fusing assistive technology and IoT connectivity.
Charles Barbier: A hidden story Campsie, Philippa
Disability studies quarterly,
06/2021, Letnik:
41, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Charles Barbier (1767–1841), who invented raised-point writing and the tools for creating it, is remembered today only as a precursor of Louis Braille. Stories of his life and work are mainly ...variations on two accounts, one by Alexandre-René Pignier published in 1859 and one by Pierre Henri in 1952. The former misrepresented the relationship between Braille and Barbier and the latter hypothesized how Barbier might have developed his ideas and introduced them to Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris. These two accounts have distorted modern ideas about the invention of point writing and the role played by Braille. The author's study of Barbier's correspondence and publications shows that (1) the method that inspired Louis Braille was never intended for the military but was specifically designed for blind people; (2) Barbier did not demonstrate it at the Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles; (3) it was not used at the school in a phonetic version; and (4) Barbier and Braille met only after Braille had published his own system. These findings, drawn from primary documents, make it possible to draw a more accurate picture of the original inventor of the method and tools of point writing for people with visual impairments and thereby a more accurate picture of Braille's own achievements.
In the digital era, Braille displays enable visually impaired people to easily access information. Different from traditional piezoelectric Braille displays, a novel electromagnetic Braille display ...is realized in this study. The novel display has the advantages of a stable performance, a long service life and a low cost and is based on an innovative layered electromagnetic driving mechanism of Braille dots, which can achieve a dense arrangement of Braille dots and provide a sufficient support force for them. The T-shaped screw compression spring, which causes the Braille dots to fall back instantaneously, is optimized to achieve a high refresh frequency and to enable visually impaired people to read Braille quickly. The experimental results show that under an input voltage of 6 V, the Braille display can work stably and reliably and provide a good fingertip touch; the Braille dot support force is greater than 150 mN, the maximum refresh frequency can reach 50 Hz, and the operating temperature is lower than 32 °C. Therefore, this cost-effective Braille display is expected to benefit a vast number of low-income visually impaired people in developing countries and improve their learning, working and living conditions.
Abstract
Smart glass is a device that is obliging for visually impaired people. It becomes difficult for impaired people to recognize objects in front of them, study, etc. The objective of the work ...is to design and develop a device that is obliging for visually impaired people. Though, there are many approaches to help them, the major disadvantage of some of the products that are currently present in the market is that they are very costly and bulky. Also, some of the proposed systems either perform only object recognition or only help in reading the text. Almost all proposed systems did not help the visually impaired people to write or to have a hardcopy in the form of braille code which then helps them to read offline. To overcome the disadvantages mentioned above the paper discusses various techniques- Seeing mode, which can recognize 550 classes of objects along with object’s position (Left, Right or Centre). Moreover, in the reading mode, it recognizes the text in front of the person which is then read out loud to the user along with creating a copy of the braille script. Further, in the writing mode, speech is converted to a file containing braille codes.
•A new Braille device was developed for blind people.•The device features are readable, vocalized, refreshable and multi-functional.•The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16%.•Blind ...people can read all magazines with their hands and listen all magazines with this device.
Although visually impaired people are generally considered to be dependent and helpless people, they actually share the same characteristics as other people. Thanks to the Braille alphabet, which has been developed to reduce inequality of opportunity to minimum, their lives become a little bit easier. Besides Braille alphabet, there are many devices and software developed for visually impaired people. In this study, a readable, vocalized and refreshable Braille device, which can ease the lives of visually impaired people, has been developed. The results of the tests on this device with 20 visually-impaired people whose ages ranged between 5 and 15 and who do not know the Braille alphabet indicated the usability rate of this device to be 81.8%. The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16% in the tests with 30 visually-impaired people whose ages ranged between 10 and 33 and who know the Braille alphabet. The durability test of the device indicated that Braille cells worked with 100% efficiency in the trials from 50 characters to 4000 characters. The device was superior both in terms of features and 35% cheaper compared to the ones available on the market. Besides, it was determined that USB connection transmitted data faster compared to the Bluetooth connection.
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