Satisfaire les besoins en énergie de nos sociétés, dans un contexte de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et de perspectives d'epuisement des stocks de combustibles fossiles et de ressources ...minerales, requiert de mettre en œuvre des solutions alternatives â bas-carbone. Le coÛt du MWh est sans doute un critere utile, mais, comme nous le montrons dans cet article, des criteres physiques sont indispensables pour evaluer les solutions technologiques et les scenarios energetiques envisageables. Le principal de ces criteres fondés sur des grandeurs physiques est le taux de retour énergétique (EROI), qui mesure l'efficacité d'un systeme â fournir â la societe une energie utile pour des secteurs d'activite autres que le secteur energetique lui-meme.
Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for unraveling the molecular effects of genetic variants and disease diagnosis. Prior studies have demonstrated that choice of genome build impacts variant ...interpretation and diagnostic yield for genomic analyses. To identify the extent genome build also impacts transcriptomics analyses, we studied the effect of the hg19, hg38, and CHM13 genome builds on expression quantification and outlier detection in 386 rare disease and familial control samples from both the Undiagnosed Diseases Network and Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Disease Consortium. Across six routinely collected biospecimens, 61% of quantified genes were not influenced by genome build. However, we identified 1,492 genes with build-dependent quantification, 3,377 genes with build-exclusive expression, and 9,077 genes with annotation-specific expression across six routinely collected biospecimens, including 566 clinically relevant and 512 known OMIM genes. Further, we demonstrate that between builds for a given gene, a larger difference in quantification is well correlated with a larger change in expression outlier calling. Combined, we provide a database of genes impacted by build choice and recommend that transcriptomics-guided analyses and diagnoses are cross referenced with these data for robustness.
A genome build is the reference sequence to which RNA-sequencing reads are aligned. We found changing the human genome builds (hg19, hg38, and CHM13) impacts interpretation of approximately 39% of genes across commonly collected biospecimens. We provide an annotated resource of build-impacted genes to aid in RNA-sequencing interpretation and diagnostics.
Methods Four methods are used to construct the VCG vector loop: 1) the Dower transform, 2) the Kors transform, 3) the estimation of a dipole using dipoli (Thom Oostendorp), and 4) an novel vector ...reconstruction method, the sVCG, using the exact location of the electrodes on the chest. The sVCG is the only method that takes electrode positions and body build with the inhomogeneous volume conduction properties into account and is able to correct for it.
In hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells, the energy loss is strongly associated with nonradiative recombination in the perovskite layer and at the cell interfaces. Here, a ...simple but effective strategy is developed to improve the cell performance of perovskite solar cells via the combination of internal doping by a ferroelectric polymer and external control by an electric field. A group of polarized ferroelectric (PFE) polymers are doped into the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) layer and/or inserted between the perovskite and the hole‐transporting layers to enhance the build‐in field (BIF), improve the crystallization of MAPbI3, and regulate the nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells. The PFE polymer‐doped MAPbI3 shows an orderly arrangement of MA+ cations, resulting in a preferred growth orientation of polycrystalline perovskite films with reduced trap states. In addition, the BIF is enhanced by the widened depletion region in the device. As an interfacial dipole layer, the PFE polymer plays a critical role in increasing the BIF. This combined effect leads to a substantial reduction in voltage loss of 0.14 V due to the efficient suppression of nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the resulting perovskite solar cells present a power conversion efficiency of 21.38% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.14 V.
Perovskite solar cells based on polarized ferroelectric polymers are fabricated by doping the ferroelectric polymer into the perovskite layer with different polarizing electric fields and different doping concentrations, different polarized ferroelectric polymers' interlayers between the perovskite and the hole‐transporting layer, and both doping and interlayer. After these treatments, the fabricated devices show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 21.38%.
In addressing the recent special issue in
Frontiers in Psychology
, namely “
Positive Psychology in Foreign and Second Language Education: Approaches and Applications
,” calling language education ...researchers around the globe to study positive emotions, positive personality traits, and positive institutional tendencies and their implications for language education systems, stakeholders, and policy practices, the present conceptual review paper aims to acquaint language education researchers, practitioners, instructors, and learners with the main tenets of positive psychology and their application in second/foreign language (L2) education research. Accordingly, by drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, we explain how individuals' positivity can result in their flourishment and development in any aspect of life, including L2 learning and teaching. Then, we introduce and conceptualize seven instances of positive psychology variables, namely academic engagement, emotion regulation, enjoyment, grit, loving pedagogy, resilience, and well-being and explain how these positive factors contribute to desirable L2 learning and teaching experiences. Subsequently, potential theoretical and pedagogical implications are drawn to enhance the quality and effectiveness of language education systems and their respective stakeholders. In the end, the limitations of the studies in this area are explicated, and suggestions for future research are provided to expand the extant literature on positive psychology in the domain of L2 education.
Sustainable generation of green energy and fine chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most desirable and promising route for justifying the atmospheric CO2 build-up and carbon sequestration. ...This additionally serves to mitigate or defer global warming and avoid serious climate change. Renewable carbon is a possible source to reduce CO2 emission and avoid the combustion of coal and petroleum products. In this context, there is a dire need to introduce modern industrial procedures to develop new carbon recycling strategies for CO2, like spent carbon from CO2. The role of diverse industrial processes for the proper utilization of renewable carbon would fruitfully simulate the natural procedure. For the past few decades, both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis approaches have been useful for the conversion of CO2. Still, unfortunately, none of them addressed the current safety needs, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, reaction conditions, and selectivity. This review signifies the thermochemical and electrochemical approaches for the useful conversion of CO2, in the presence of catalyst material, to some high-value products of industrial interests, such as fuels (methane). Furthermore, several suitable examples are discussed to represent the potential and perspective of these technologies. In summary, a highly efficient conversion of CO2 to fuels and related high-value chemicals would fulfill the rising demands of diverse sectors of the modern world.
Display omitted
•Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration is a promising route to justify the atmospheric CO2 build-up.•Waste to energy theme helps to mitigate the global warming and avoid dangerous climate change.•Thermochemical and electrochemical aspects of CO2 methanation are discussed with suitable examples.•Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising technology for the direct conversion of CO2.
A model using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is developed to select the most appropriate project delivery method. Several factors considered to be relevant to the selection decision are used ...in the ranking of the project delivery methods. Project owners are keen to choose an appropriate project delivery method because it could be a key project success factor. The model developed in this paper is simple to use and allows the owner to consider all decision-relevant factors. It is based on an intuitively appealing methodology, AHP.
The uncertainty associated with future traffic levels in Build-Operate-Transfer toll road projects lead to difficulties in obtaining finance and thus to unsuccessful bids. In order to increase the ...attractiveness of projects for investors, governments usually provide several types of guarantees such as Minimum Revenue Guarantees (MRGs). In many cases, challenges associated with the valuation of this uncertainty force governments to provide excessive guarantees, placing an increased burden on the public budget. Based on this problem, a real-option-based model is presented for the identification of optimum upper and lower boundaries of compound MRG and Maximum Revenue Cap (MRC) options which establish a fair risk allocation structure. The proposed model uses an optimization approach in which high levels of guarantees in initial years are compensated by the transfer of excess revenues obtained by the private investor in late years. The optimum upper and lower boundaries of compound MRG and MRC options are identified using the proposed model. Results reveal that the emerging net guarantee amount generated by using any pair values of the MRG and MRC that remain in the identified interval not only maintains the attractiveness of project for private investors but also restrains government contingent liabilities. Thus, the identified interval of MRG and MRC enables the structuring of a flexible bargaining environment for both parties.
In this paper we describe the selection of a modern build automation tool for an industry research partner of ours, namely an insurance company. Build automation has become increasingly important ...over the years. Today, build automation became one of the central concepts in topics such as cloud native development based on microservices and DevOps. Since more and more products for build automation have entered the market and existing tools have changed their functional scope, there is nowadays a large number of tools on the market that differ greatly in their functional scope. Based on requirements from our partner company, a build server analysis was conducted. This paper presents our analysis requirements, a detailed look at one of the examined tools and a summarized comparison of two tools.
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