The lack of data on existing buildings hinders efforts towards repair, reuse, and recycling of materials, which are crucial for mitigating the climate crisis. Manual acquisition of building data is ...complex and time-consuming, but combining street-level imagery with computer vision could significantly scale-up building materials documentation. We formulate the problem of building facade material detection as a multi-label classification task and present a method using GIS and street view imagery with just a few hundred annotated samples and a fine-tuned image classification model. Our method shows strong performance with macro-averaged F1 scores of 0.91 for Tokyo, 0.91 for NYC, 0.96 for Zurich, and 0.93 for the merged dataset. By utilizing open-access and non-proprietary data, our method can be scaled-up step by step to a global level. We make our in the wild dataset publicly available as the Urban Resource Cadastre Repository to encourage future work on automatic building material detection.
•Data scarcity impedes repair, reuse, and recycling, vital for a circular economy.•A replicable urban-scale documentation method using non-proprietary data is developed.•High performance achieved with a few hundred annotated images and fine-tuned models.•Scalable approach for creating a global resource cadastre with open-data worldwide.•Effective building material documentation promotes circularity in the built environment.
The land administration system, providing a mechanism to support the management of real properties, is one of the most crucial infrastructures of any country. This infrastructure is needed to support ...planning and implementation of land-related policies, and in general to support human decisions and activities in our environment. The fundamental part of a modern land administration system is the land cadastre. Over the last decade, the demand for three-dimensional (3D) cadastre has increased significantly worldwide. The physical and legal complexities of the built and natural environment prompt new concepts and definitions of real property units in order to meet the demands of a today's society and to balance private and public spatial interests. Particularly in urban areas, including other areas with intensive human interventions into space, there is a tendency to use space above and below the Earth's surface, above and below structures, etc. Complex 3D objects cannot be defined and registered as cadastral objects in the traditional 2D land cadastre and represented in a 2D cadastral map. For this purpose, next to the land cadastre, in 2000, Slovenia introduced the building cadastre. From the juridical point of view, the current cadastral system is not sufficient for all 3D situations. In this paper, we discuss upgrade possibilities of data models of the land cadastre and building cadastre to introduce a unique 3D real property cadastre in Slovenia. We believe that the data available in the current cadastres will significantly contribute toward the 3D real property cadastre and 3D graphical representation of cadastral data; nevertheless, some additional data are needed. The minimum data required could be provided already through the current cadastral procedures.
•Complex 3D real property objects cannot be always registered and graphically represented in 2D cadastral maps.•The physical and legal complexity of the environment prompts new concepts of real property units in LAS.•The 2D parcel-oriented cadastre can be upgraded into a 3D real property cadastre in Slovenia.•The data required for 3D cadastral modeling could be provided through the current cadastral procedures in Slovenia.
The purpose of this paper is to give a short overview of the model developed regarding common spaces record for the condominiums in urban area of Prishtina. The proposed model developed from the ...author of this article aimed to adopt 3D cadastre requirements and techniques for common spaces registration. The techniques adopted within project represent one of the first steps towards 3D cadastre in Republic of Kosovo.
The topic of this paper is the challenges of using remote sensing technologies as one of the potential data sources for the establishment of a 3D real property cadastre in Slovenia. More than a ...decade ago, the legal basis for the registration of property rights on the buildings and parts of buildings was provided in Slovenia, and for this purpose, the Building Cadastre was established. The analyses of the current data within the Land Cadastre and the Building Cadastre revealed that the 3D graphical representation of buildings, where the second level of detail (LoD 2) was discussed, requires additional data in which significant roof points should be additionally acquired. For this purpose, i.e. the creation of a graphical 3D-model of a building at the level LoD 2, we use the cadastral and national topographic data that covers the entire state territory, which are stereopairs of aerial photographs of the cyclic aerial survey (CAS) and airborne laser scanning data. Using a case study, we have analysed and discussed the appropriateness of the state airborne laser scanning data as an additional data source, along with the current cadastral data, for the creation of 3D-building model at the second level of detail, which is important from the cadastral as well as topographic perspective.
Möglichkeiten und Utopien geodätischer Informationssysteme aus der Sicht eines Praktikers Article in German Abstract. The author comes to the conclusion that the variety of terms and the differences ...in interpretation existing in geodetic information systems must be restricted, and that all those systems have to be classified as geodetic information systems which are based on uniform coordinates, fundamental importance being attached to the field of land cadasters, i e real estate property as the basic system. Instancing the simultaneous existence of systems in the historical development from the land tax register to a multipurpose register and the necessity of uniformity in surveying, not having been recognised in time, also with regard to the development of automation, the importance of a uniform geodetic information system is outlined on the basis of the land cadastre in the Federal Republic of Germany. Citing the building cadastre and the service line cadastre as examples, the author explains that it is impossible to carry out any necessary material developments in the absence of certain basic conditions. Realisation of geodetic information systems is subject to political motivation, a wide‐spread basic structure, classical protection of property and practical multipurpose use, all of them offering possibilities of interrelation. Santrauka. Daroma išvada, kad turi būti apribota geodezinių sistemų terminų įvairovė ir skirtingas interpretavimas. Visos tokios sistemos turi būti suklasifikuotos pagal bendras koordinačių sistemas, daugiausia dėmesio kreipiant į j ų reikšmę žemės kadastrui. Pavyzdžiui, Vokietijos Federacinėje Respublikoje plečiant žemės taksacijos registrą iki daugiafunkcinio žemės registro tuo pačiu metu buvo taikomos ir kitos geodezinės sistemos. Taigi laiku nebuvo atkreiptas dėmesys į geodezinių matavimų vientisumą ir bendrumą bei būtinybę tobulinti automatizuotas matavimo sistemas. Pateikiama pavyzdžių iš miestų statinių kadastro ir sklypų ribų kadastro, kuriais įrodoma, kad neįmanoma atlikti miestų plėtros uždavinių nesant apibrėžtų pagrindinių s ąlygų. Taigi geodezinių informacinių sistemų plėtra tampa politinės motyvacijos objektu, plačia pagrindine ir iš esmės daugiatiksle struktūra, klasikiniu nuosavybės apsaugos garantu. Raktažodžiai: geodezinės informacinės sistemos, žemės kadastras, pastatų kadastras.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this article is to analyze how the cadastral system was developed in Kosovo historically, to examine methodically in which level of development is it and to investigate potential solutions ...in 3D cadastre development comparing other countries success with our own achievement. The author will describe 3D elements of cadastral data. There is a simple example of how 3D cadastre should look like. Finally a draft roadmap for 3D cadastre establishment will be proposed. This article is prepared based based mostly on literature review and the proposals deriving whithin this paper express the opinion of the author based on the conclusions from Kosovo conditions comparing to other countries developments.
Zračno lasersko skeniranje, imenovano tudi lidar (light detection and ranging), lahko uporabimo kot samostojno tehniko snemanja ali v kombinaciji z različnimi tipi snemanj (od klasičnih ...fotogrametričnihsnemanj do hiperspektralnih snemanj). Glavna prednost zračnega laserskega skeniranja pred drugimi tehnikami daljinskega zaznavanja je, da detajle na reliefu neposredno izmerimo in jih ne pridobimo z naknadno restitucijo iz stereoparov. V članku bomo prikazali možnosti uporabe zračnega laserskega skeniranja za obnovo podatkov različnih nepremičninskih evidenc v Sloveniji. Možnost uporabezračnega laserskega skeniranja pri ažuriranju katastra stavb in zemljiškega katastra še ni opredeljena v zakonskih in podzakonskih predpisih, ki te evidence opredeljujejo. Zato bomo v članku opredelili minimalne pogoje, na podlagi katerih se bomo lahkoodločili, ali bomo zračno lasersko skeniranje lahko uporabili v praksi: potrebna natančnost, višina leta in gostota laserskih točk na enoto površine. Aerial laser scanning, also called lidar (light detection and ranging), can be used as a stand-alone acquisitiontechnique or in combination with other types of aerial surveys (from classic photogrammetric to hyperspectral). The basic advantage of lidar in comparison with other remote sensing techniques is that the details on the relief are directly measured rather than acquiredwith additional stereo-restitution. In this paper, we will describe the possibilities of lidar being involved in data acquisition for different real-estate databases in Slovenia. The possibility of applying lidar to the building cadastre and the land cadastre measurements has not been yet defined in the legislation definingthese databases. Therefore, we will define the minimal conditions that will enable us to decide if lidar can be applied for those databases in practice: required accuracy, flying height and number of points per m2.
SI: Iz sedanje sestave katastra stavb v Sloveniji je razvidno, da se že pojavlja potreba po dopolnitvi evidence o stavbah. Za zdaj na podlagi podatkov katastra stavb ne moremo izdelati popolnega ...3D-prikaza stavbe, s tem pa ne dobimo prave predstave o stanju na terenu. Z meritvami, ki jih že sedaj opravljamo geodeti, in morda z nekaj dodatno posnetimi točkami pa se že da izdelati kakovosten 3D-model stavbe. Imamo že izkušnje s področja izdelave 3D-geodetskih posnetkov. Poskusimo poskrbeti še za združitev katastra stavb z zemljiškim katastrom in ju začnmimo uporabljati vzajemno. Zavedati se moramo, da ne živimo več v papirnati dobi in je računalnik postal del našega vsakdanjika. Zato je še kako pomembna tudi višinska komponenta, ki nam zelo olajša orientacijo v prostoru. Sedanja evidenca stavb je bila nedvomno zasnovana kot dobrodošla pomoč pri razumevanju prostora, toda ne pozabimo, da razvoja ni mogoče zajeziti, da je treba spodbuditi razpravo in podpreti razvojne projekte za nadgradnjo. Preprosto se ne smemo zadovoljiti samo z 2D-prostorskimi podatki in nekaj višinami. V članku je podan pregled mednarodnih trendov in možnosti v Sloveniji na področju razvoja 3D-katastra. EN: Concerning the actual structure of the building cadastre in Slovenia, a need to complement our database of buildings is appearing. For now, the information of the building cadastre is not sufficient for the creation of a complete 3D view of a building,which gives us an imperfect image of the condition on the field. With the measurements already being done by the land surveyors, and with a few additional points marked, a high grade 3D model of buildings can be designed. We already have experience with 3D geodeticplans. We should try to combine the building cadastre and land cadastre, and begin to make mutual use of both of them. A change of thinking, i.e. that we do not live in an era of paper, but with computers being part of our everyday life, is necessary. That is why the height component is of great importance, which makes orientation in space much easier. There is no doubt that the present database of buildings was meant as a needed help in understanding space. However, we must not forget that development cannot be stopped and further debate has to be stimulated as developmental projects for the upgrading of the database also have to be supported. Clearly, we must not be satisfied solely with 2D information and some height data. Thispaper gives an overview about international trends and possibilities in Slovenia in the field of 3D cadastre.
The concepts and objectives of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre –Registry Data” in Slovenia are presented. This project, partly funded by the World Bank, has been ordered by the Surveying and ...Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia (SMA) and will be finished at the beginning of 2004. The results will be used for many purposes, among those the groundwork for real estate valuation and taxation will be presented. The building cadastre is composed of registry and cadastral data. Registry data are acquired from different public databases and fieldwork. As the basis the photogrammetric acquisition of buildings is used, then every building is linked to land cadastre and different data about owners and type of residence presented per building. Furthermore, in the article the quality and completeness control of registry data is discussed.
The author comes to the conclusion that the variety of terms and the differences in interpretation existing in geodetic information systems must be restricted, and that all those systems have to be ...classified as geodetic information systems which are based on uniform coordinates, fundamental importance being attached to the field of land cadasters, i e real estate property as the basic system.
Instancing the simultaneous existence of systems in the historical development from the land tax register to a multipurpose register and the necessity of uniformity in surveying, not having been recognised in time, also with regard to the development of automation, the importance of a uniform geodetic information system is outlined on the basis of the land cadastre in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Citing the building cadastre and the service line cadastre as examples, the author explains that it is impossible to carry out any necessary material developments in the absence of certain basic conditions. Realisation of geodetic information systems is subject to political motivation, a wide-spread basic structure, classical protection of property and practical multipurpose use, all of them offering possibilities of interrelation.
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