Since the proposal of Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) by Harden in 1999, there has been an increase in the trend of discussing problems related to medical education using the results of ...medical education research primarily conducted in English-speaking countries as scientific evidence. However, if medical education, including professionalism and other issues, is discussed without taking into consideration cultures and systems, its essence may be overlooked. The present paper introduces a theory of professionalism regarding Japanese physicians using bushido (samurai spirit) as its model. I hope that the present paper will serve as a foundation for discussions concerning education on professionalism for physicians in Japan.
This research was based on one of the most popular Japanese cultural value called Bushido, especially chuugi value in Sengoku Musou animated film by Kojin Ochi. The purposes of this research were: 1) ...Describing the implementation of chuugi value in bushido, 2) Describing the act of chuugi, and 3) Describing the act that deviate from chuugi. The method used in this research was a qualitative research method. The results of this study showed that there were 20 acts of chuugi and 5 acts that deviate from chuugi in Sengoku Musou animated film. Moreover, this research indicated that the act of chuugi can be motivated by several factors such as the aspect of obedience with orders, the desire to stay together, and the will to sacrifice everything for their master. On the other hand, the deviation of chuugi were occurred because of economic factor, depression factor, psychopathic factor, seeking a target for disappointment factor, and opposing social bonding factor
This paper examines the discourse on bushido in the late Meiji period. My aim is to shed light on bushido’s hybridity by using the concept of transculturation. Transculturation conceptualizes ...encounters between different cultures as a process of mutual construction. The bushido theorists that are discussed in this paper are in some sense transculturators, struggling between Japan and the West, the particular and the universal, and tradition and modernity. One of the common theoretical strategies for solving this problem attempted to valorize bushido and was mostly dependent on establishing equivalence with similar traditions in Western culture, such as chivalry or gentlemanship. Nitobe’s famous book on bushido went beyond this type of strategy. He not only accounted for things in Japanese cultural tradition by using Western logic, but also reinterpreted Western concepts in light of Japanese cultural traditions. This makes Nitobe a more perfect example of a transculturator than others. The ultra-nationalist discourse on bushido by Inoue Tetsujiro shows another curious aspect of bushido’s hybridity. Bushido became at once purified and hybridized through the distinction he made between superficial formality and the essential spirit. Thus, the discursive strategies of bushido theorists are closely related to bushido’s hybridity.
Nihon Senshi (Military History of Japan) was part of the new Imperial Japanese Army’s attempt to tie itself to examples from Japan’s “warring states” period, similar to scholars who created a feudal ...“medieval” time in the Japanese past to fit into Western historiography, and intellectuals who discovered a “traditional” spirit called bushidō as a counterpart for English chivalry. The interpretations of these campaigns, placing the “three unifiers” of the late sixteenth century as global leaders in the modernization of military tactics and technology, show the Imperial Japanese Army’s desire to be seen as a “modern” military through its invented “institutional” history.
Bushidō has had many different lives in many different places around the world. These transformations and afterlives constitute valuable witnesses that offer competing narratives of Japan’s modern ...development and of its changing roles in the world. Beyond Japan they speak to the multiple ways that the country both inspires and (sometimes) displeases other nations. These lives and afterlives also serve to illustrate the myriad ways that intersections of the local and translocal, the past and present, refract perspectives. Bushidō is not unique in its ability to assume divergent connotations and implications in accordance with the contours of the frame within which it is placed. Its elusiveness exemplifies the amorphous characteristics of our global world’s nomadic lexicon.
This article explores the Russo-Japanese War's effect on the educational discourse in Habsburg Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article begins with an overview of Bosnian society and education during the ...Russo-Japanese War. By analysing two texts concerning the Japanese in an official language newspaper written by Alois Studnička, an educator in Sarajevo, the article shows that character education was an important goal in Habsburg Bosnia. The article then illustrates Studnička's purpose in educating the character, especially "a man without a me" through a comparative analysis with his reference book Bushido, written by Inazō Nitobe, which puts a great focus on Yangmingism.
There was a debate on the applicability of "Bushido" to professionalism among Japanese physicians. Regardless of the historical aspects upon the writing of "Bushido" by Inazo Nitobe, "Bushido" can be ...applicable to professionalism. This conclusion leads to the fact that one cannot avoid the fundamental discussion on the influence of the "Eyes of Others" when evaluating the professionalism of each physician. This suggests that the evaluation, a concept in the field of education regarded as "given" , is essentially an obstacle when it comes to the matter of education for professionalism.
The phenomenon of clan-regional rulemaking during the military-oligarchic regime in medieval Japan is studied for the first time. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the texts of ...the largest princely codes of daimyo and military houses, as well as the norms of the Bushido code . The analysis was carried out on the basis of historical-genetic and synchronous-logical methods using Japanese primary sources with a survey translation, as well as scientific and abstract materials of Japanese, English and Russian medieval studies. Among the results achieved, a typology and hierarchy of sources of traditional law of the Shogun period are identified. The evolution of the system of law sources from the Kamakura shogunate to the Miromati dynasty is traced. One of the most striking monuments of Kamakur law is examined (the military-estate code Goseibai Sikimoku, 1232). Its sources, structure, technic mode and criminal provisions are studied. The analysis of the Bushido code showed that this quasi-legal regulator of the samurai behavior was an eclectic code of norms and rules for the bushi warriors with their ideals of loyalty and patriotism. The main transition to a new stage in the legal history of Japan after the Kammu сode, 1336 and during the period of Warring Provinces was established. It was distinguished by an increase in the number and significance of local law monuments - princely and clan codes, city statutes and charters of merchants' houses. From this list, the author singled out and compared in juridical techniques the ten large bunkokuho codes published by the largest princes- daimyo in order to systematize local laws and streamline the administrative-judicial system.
Zusammenfassung
Die fortschreitend evolvierende Medienvielfalt ermöglicht die Genese sogenannter Super Personae, deren zunehmende und mäandernde Omnipräsenz Realpersonen zu dominieren droht. ...Lebensweltliche, artifizielle und virtuelle Identitäten präsentieren sich selbst gegenüber der Justiz als undifferenzierbare Entitäten und stellen somit die Rechtsprechung und Literaturwissenschaft vor neue Herausforderungen, was am Beispiel der Super Persona Bushido aufgezeigt wird.
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