The Brassica crops provide the greatest diversity of products derived from a single genus. As vegetables they deliver leaves, flowers, stems and roots that are used either fresh or in processed ...forms. This book covers the Occidental crops derived from B. oleracea (cole or cabbage group) and Oriental types from B. rapa (Chinese cabbage and its relatives). Both groups are of immense importance for human nutrition, containing vital vitamins and cancer preventing substances.
In this fascinating journey through the natural and cultural history of the palmetto, Jono Miller offers surprising facts and dispels common myths about an important native plant that remains largely ...misunderstood.
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•Plasmodiophora brassicae manipulates host sugar transporters.•BrSWEET genes up-regulate in Chinese cabbage upon plasmodiophora brassicae infection.•Functional analysis reveals ...BrSWEET genes' role in sugar transport and clubroot disease susceptibility.•BrSWEET1a, BrSWEET11a, BrSWEET12a identified as key genes in response to P. brassicae.
Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causative agent of clubroot disease, establishes a long-lasting parasitic relationship with its host by inducing the expression of sugar transporters. Previous studies have indicated that most BrSWEET genes in Chinese cabbage are up-regulated upon infection with P. brassicae. However, the key BrSWEET genes responsive to P. brassicae have not been definitively identified. In this study, we selected five BrSWEET genes and conducted a functional analysis of them. These five BrSWEET genes showed a notable up-regulation in roots after P. brassicae inoculation. Furthermore, these BrSWEET proteins were localized to the plasma membrane. Yeast functional complementation assays confirmed transport activity for glucose, fructose, or sucrose in four BrSWEETs, with the exception of BrSWEET2a. Mutants and silenced plants of BrSWEET1a, -11a, and -12a showed lower clubroot disease severity compared to wild-type plants, while gain-of-function Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing these three BrSWEET genes exhibited significantly higher disease incidence and severity. Our findings suggested that BrSWEET1a, BrSWEET11a, and BrSWEET12a play pivotal roles in P. brassicae-induced gall formation, shedding light on the role of sugar transporters in host-pathogen interactions.
Cabbage waste returned soil was studied to assess the short-term influences of the application of cabbage waste biochar (CB), pine wood biochar (PB), and co-pyrolysed biochar (PCB) on soil dissolved ...organic matter (DOM) evolution. The decrease in DOM and soil organic matter (SOM) content was greater in the biochar-added soils during 35 days of decomposition. The DOM and SOM content in PCB added group decreased by 26.96 mg L−1 and 4.48 g kg−1, respectively. The increase in relative abundance of humic acid-like substances in DOMs was higher in the biochar-added soils during decomposition, which increased by 4.29% in PCB added group. PCB addition also resulted in a high SOM content (initial content of 78.82 g kg−1), and mineral elements were introduced into the soil, thus increasing soil pH (7.81) and electrical conductivity (574.67 μs cm−1). Moreover, the addition of biochars attenuated the decrease in average relative abundance of Bacillaceae and promoted bacterial proliferation during decomposition. The application of biochars regulated the soil bacterial community and promoted organic matter conversion and soil DOM evolution.
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•DOM content decrease in biochar-added soils was greater during decomposition.•The increase in humic acid-like substances was higher in biochar-added soils.•Biochar addition attenuated the decrease of Bacillaceae in soil bacterial community.•Biochar application promoted organic matter conversion and DOM evolution.
This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and ...illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Chinese Cabbage. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in Chinese Cabbage.
Cette brochure est publiée dans le cadre du Régime pour l'Application de normes internationales pour les fruits et légumes établi par l'OCDE en 1962. Elle fournit des notes explicatives et des illustrations en vue de faciliter l'interprétation commune des normes en vigueur pour le choux chinois. Cette nouvelle brochure illustre le texte des normes sur les cerises. Elle décrit les paramètres qualitatifs par des photographies de haute qualité. Elle constitue par conséquent un outil précieux pour les autorités de contrôle, les organes professionnels et les négociants qui manifestent leur intérêt pour le commerce international du choux chinois.
Protoplast-based transient gene expression system has been widely used in plant genome editing because of its simple operation and less time-consuming. In order to establish a universal ...protoplast-based transient transfection system for verifying activities of genome editing vectors containing targets in Brassica, we systematically optimized factors affecting protoplast isolation and transient gene expression. We established an efficient protoplast-based transient gene expression system (PTGE) in Chinese cabbage, achieving high protoplast yield of 4.9 × 105 g−1 FW, viability over 95%, and transfection efficiency of 76%. We showed for the first time that pretreatment of protoplasts with a hypotonic MMG could significantly enhance the transfection efficiency. Furthermore, protoplasts incubated at 37 °C for 6 min improved the transfection efficiency to 86%. We also demonstrated that PTGE worked well (more than 50% transfection efficiency) in multiple Brassica species including cabbage, Pak Choi, Chinese kale, and turnip. Finally, PTGE was used for validating the activities of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors containing targets in Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and pak choi, demonstrating the broad applicability of the established PTGE for genome editing in Brassica crops.
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