Traffic borne pollutants negatively affect organisms. This study aimed to determine the impact of traffic pollution on Auchenorrhyncha species and their usage as biomonitor for metal pollution. The ...study was carried out in the cherry orchard near the Amasya-Samsun D100/E80 motorway in Amasya, Türkiye. Metal concentrations in specimens tended to decrease with the increasing distance from the motorway. Significant variations were determined in some metal concentrations based on distance from the motorway. The maximum and minimum metal concentrations were obtained from 0 to 100 m, respectively. Negative relationships were determined between distance from the motorway and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb concentrations in
Arboridia versuta
(Melichar, 1897), and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in
Psammotettix provincialis
(Ribaut, 1925). Metals were accumulated in the body of specimens. Therefore, it is thought that Auchenorrhyncha species may be used as a biomonitor for metal pollution due to their high metal concentrations.
The cherry orchard marks the end of Anton Chekhov’s life, consecrating him as the author who defined the threshold of the new epoch. In this article, I construe the garden as the motif linking ...Chekhov’s sensitivity to the general spirit of his era, revealing his poetics to the global stage as the distinctive mark of a historical and socioeconomic shift. On this path, I will clarify how the subtle difference between sour cherries and sweet cherries becomes a symbol of Chekhov’s dramatic construction, and how his poetics are built on nuances and subtle shifts in meanings, representing the irrevocable fading of a culture. A philological reflection combined with an attentive reading of Chekhov’s letters, Stanislavsky’s memoirs and scenic sketches reveal the author’s interest in the relationship between man and nature as well as the need to read his work from a more spatial-oriented standpoint. Chekhov clearly anticipates the so-called ‘spatial turn’, approaching space not through the description of a specific landscape or dramaturgical setting, but from a phenomenological point of view, leading him to profound reflections on the relationship between physical planning and socio-political development, as later conceptualised by key social thinkers such as Henry Lefebvre and Edward Soja. Chekhov’s dramaturgical construction and symbology are the result of this awareness and endless passion for nature in all its forms.
Context
Agroforestry systems in temperate Europe are known to provide both, provisioning and regulating ecosystem services (ES). Yet, it is poorly understood how these systems affect ES provision at ...a landscape scale in contrast to agricultural practises.
Objectives
This study aimed at developing a novel, spatially explicit model to assess and quantify bundles of provisioning and regulating ES provided by landscapes with and without agroforestry systems and to test the hypothesis that agroforestry landscapes provide higher amounts of regulating ES than landscapes dominated by monocropping.
Methods
Focussing on ES that are relevant for agroforestry and agricultural practices, we selected six provisioning and regulating ES—“biomass production”, “groundwater recharge”, “nutrient retention”, “soil preservation”, “carbon storage”, “habitat and gene pool protection”. Algorithms for quantifying these services were identified, tested, adapted, and applied in a traditional cherry orchard landscape in Switzerland, as a case study. Eight landscape test sites of 1 km × 1 km, four dominated by agroforestry and four dominated by agriculture, were mapped and used as baseline for the model.
Results
We found that the provisioning ES, namely the annual biomass yield, was higher in landscape test sites with agriculture, while the regulating ES were better represented in landscape test sites with agroforestry. The differences were found to be statistically significant for the indicators annual biomass yield, groundwater recharge rate, nitrate leaching, annual carbon sequestration, flowering resources, and share of semi-natural habitats.
Conclusions
This approach provides an example for spatially explicit quantification of provisioning and regulating ES and is suitable for comparing different land use scenarii at landscape scale.
In farmland, microbes in soils are affected by exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and soil depth and are responsible for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The cherry industry has been evolving ...rapidly in northwest China and emerged as a new source of income for local farmers to overcome poverty. Accordingly, it is highly imperative to probe the effect of defoliation and nitrogen addition on carbon dioxide (CO
) emissions and microbial communities in soils of dryland cherry orchards.
CO
emissions and microbial communities were determined in soil samples at three depths, including 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-60 cm, from a 15-year-old rain-fed cherry orchard. The samples were respectively incubated with or without 1% defoliation under three input levels of nitrogen (0 mg kg
, 90 mg kg
, and 135 mg kg
) at 25°C in the dark for 80 days.
Defoliation and nitrogen addition affected CO
emissions and microbial communities and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the activity of soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase in soils of the dryland cherry orchard. The culture with defoliation significantly promoted CO
emissions in soils at the three depths mainly by increasing the MBC, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase activities, resulted in positive priming index. Nitrogen addition elevated the MBC and changed soil enzymes and reduced CO
emissions in soils at the three depths. Moreover, the priming index was higher in deep soils than in top and middle soils under the condition of defoliation and nitrogen addition. No significant differences were observed in the soil bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) among all treatments. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of
was markedly increased and that of
was substantially diminished in soils at the three depths by defoliation and nitrogen addition. The results sustained that defoliation and nitrogen can regulate SOC dynamics by directly and indirectly affecting soil microbial activities and communities. As a result, the combination of defoliation return and nitrogen fertilization management is a promising strategy to increase SOC and promote soil quality in dryland cherry orchards.
Italy is the fourth top world cherries producer after Turkey, United States of America, Iran (Islam Republic of). The Apulia region is the largest sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) producer at the ...national level and in particular one of the most produced cultivar is “Ferrovia”. This work is based upon a life-cycle approach, and is aimed at collecting and analysing the material and energy input-flows associated with a cherry orchard in the Apulia region. The study is intended both to serve as the starting base for performing the next phases of life-cycle inventory and environmental impact assessment, and to contribute in enhancing the current databases and scientific literature in this field. Furthermore, the study allowed the authors to highlight that the major inputs were due both to irrigation as large volumes of water used and diesel fuel consumption in particular to fertiliser and pesticide transportation and administration. The study can be considered as bases for further evaluation and reduction of the related environmental impacts.
•The Apulia region is the major cherries producer in Italy.•A sweet cherry orchard located in Southern Italy was investigated.•Input analysis was applied to perform a LCA of sweet cherry production.•Primary data were obtained from farmer and secondary extrapolated from Ecoinvent.•Major inputs were due to irrigation and fuel consumption for orchard management.
This paper applies Speech Act Theory towards an investigation of the use and role of self-praise/positive self-assessment in the texts of three Chekhov’s plays: The Seagull, Three Sisters and The ...Cherry Orchard. The findings conducted with manual coding of texts for the speech acts of self-praise/positive self-assessment suggest that Chekhov employed self-praise for a number of textual and character-building functions. In particular, self-praise functions as a literary device to identify less likable characters as well as to provide a chance for more likable characters to stand up for themselves against injustice and provocation. The self-praise/positive self-assessment comes in mitigated and aggravated forms. Mitigation is mostly achieved through grammatical or phrasal means, as well as semantically through self-criticism, whereby the only form of aggravation observed in the data was other-criticism/other-derogation. Specific forms of a positive self-assessment likely unique to Chekhov’s plays are ‘linguistic brags’, i.e., contextually unjustifiable switches to French and Latin as well as ‘generational’ positive self-representation in Three Sisters. The results suggest that investigations of speeh acts in dramas could be productive for literary theory, as they shed more light on the characters development as well as the genre mastery of the playwright.
Carnavalul măștilor în teatrul lui Vlad Mugur Crenguța Manea
Studii și cercetări de istoria artei. Seria teatru, muzică, cinematografie,
12/2017, Letnik:
10-11 (54-55)
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In the 1990s, Vlad Mugur's productions – along with Andrei Șerban’s "Greek Trilogy" (National Theatre Bucharest, 1990) or "Richard III" (Odeon Theatre, 1993), directed by Mihai Măniuţiu – were ...proposing a theatrical language where the presence of the mask is used consistently as a sign and as a means of expression which emphasizes the possibilities of theatre to raise a major issue, that of identity. A culture proves its maturity when it is able to bring up sensitive issues of the past and to approach them from a well-balanced perspective, thus increasing access to unbiased knowledge; the identity of a nation, of social groups and categories, of the individual, this is a subject that has stirred passions and controversies more than theoretical debates, starting with Romanian modernity.
Canopy development and production efficiency variations were evaluated in four sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars: 'Bing', 'Lapins', 'Sweetheart' and 'Regina', grafted on different vigor ...rootstocks: 'Colt', 'Cab-6P, 'Maxma-14' and 'Gisela-12', and conducted in two training systems: Central Leader (CL) and Kym Green Bush (KGB), growing in Chile. Leaf indicators were calculated after tree defoliation. A principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to select indicators that explain the variation among the combinations. Results showed that leaf size and number varied between different cultivar/rootstock combinations and training systems. By means of two principal components, the model employed could explain 72% of the data variability. The most relevant indicators for the PC1 were: leaf weight per hectare (0.98) and leaf area index (0.97), with a significant training system effect, whereas for the PC2 they were: leaf weight per leaf area (0.85) and production per leaf area (0.72), mainly for productive efficiency. In 'Lapins'/'Colt', the KGB system presented a higher weight and leaf area than CL, with almost double the leaf weight per hectare and leaf area index, due mainly to a 37% leaf area per tree and 20% higher tree number/ha in KGB. However, average production per leaf area reached 0.49 kg m
−2
, without distinction between training systems.
Moscow‐born artist and architect Alexander Brodsky's work is very much infused with its Russian context; its geography, landscape, climate and political regimes. For him, ‘penumbra is a permanent ...state of gaze’. Architect and researcher Susanna Pisciella looks at his continuous migration between architecture and art installation, and suggests that he also finds inspiration in the shadow of language.
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