This article delves into the significance of the legal effectiveness theory in the context of applying the principle for the well-being of children, specifically within the decisions of marriage ...dispensations in Religious Courts. The focus is on promoting the welfare of children by means of marriage permits, which are legal policies allowing marriages to take place below the legally stipulated age, subject to certain conditions. Emphasizing the principle of the child's best interests in this scenario is crucial, considering the potential impact on the well-being and development of the children involved. This research is grounded in the theory of legal effectiveness, which underscores the efficient and equitable achievement of legal goals. A qualitative approach is employed, involving interviews with Religious Court judges who handle marriage dispensation cases. The findings reveal that the principle of the child's best interests significantly informs the judges' deliberations. Judges endeavor to ensure that marriage dispensations are granted only when deemed the optimal choice for the child's welfare. This study offers a nuanced understanding of how legal effectiveness contributes to safeguarding children's rights and interests within the realm of marriage dispensations. The practical implication of these findings underscores the imperative to continually develop legal policies and court practices that prioritize the interests and welfare of children.
The language intervention model developed and evaluated at the Center on Everyday Child Language Learning (CECLL) is described. The model includes 4 components: interest-based child learning ...opportunities, the everyday family and community activities that are sources of interest-based child learning, the methods for increasing child participation in the everyday learning activities, and the use of responsive teaching for promoting child communication and language learning while children are engaged in the activities. Results from the evaluation of the relationship between fidelity of practitioners' use of an evidence-based coaching practice and the fidelity of parents' use of the CECLL intervention practices are presented. Implications for considering factors that influence the use of the CECLL intervention practices with fidelity are described.
The influences of child participation in interest-based learning activities on the development of 17 preschoolers with autism was the focus of this brief report. The children’s mothers identified ...their children’s interests and the everyday family and community activities that provided opportunities for interest-based learning. Parents then implemented intervention procedures for 14 to 16 weeks to increase child participation in the selected activities. Based on an investigator-administered interestingness scale, the children were divided into high and low interest-based learning groups. The children’s language, cognitive, social, and motor development quotients obtained at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the intervention were the dependent measures. Results showed that the high interest-based group made considerably more developmental progress compared to the low interest-based group. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The paper departs from M. T. Whitley's recent findings
(J. Educ. Psychol.,
1929), which are in sharp contrast to the authors' previously published data
(The Psychology of Play Activities).
In this ...study a check list of 190 collectable things is used for testing several large groups of children, CA's 9-16. In one case the test was repeated after seven months, with concordant results between the two tests. Large percentages of all the ages examined collect extensively, but children of CA 10 exceed all others. The girls uniformly report more collections than the boys. Certain of Whitley's results are corroborated; and it is concluded that results in this field are a function of the technique employed, as well as, probably, of such variables as sex, age, locality, season and the definition of a "collection." There is a discussion of the pedagogical implications of the results.
The "patterns of interest" of 5 different age groups of boys and girls were studied by a questionnaire survey of 1,418 Iowa school children, regarding their reading, radio listening and movie-going. ...The preference scores of specific content in each of the media were calculated by weighing first, second, third and fourth choices, and the results reported for each sex in grades 5, 7, 9 and 11. Boys preferred an "adventure and violence" pattern while the older girls preferred "love, private life and glamor." Neither sex showed much interest in "educational" content, except that boys liked magazines dealing with popular science and mechanics. Third grade tastes, analysed separately, emphasized adventure, humor and fantasy, with little interest in love, private life or glamor, and still less in educational themes.
Studies of parent-child book reading tend to focus on parents of toddlers and preschool children, but not infants. This study examined features of parents' shared reading with preverbal infants in ...relation to children's early language development. Forty-four mothers of diverse socioeconomic status and their 10-month-old infants were observed during shared reading. Their interactions were coded for quantity and qualities of maternal speech and gesture, and for children's interest in the activity. The results indicate that maternal questions and child interest during shared reading at 10-months predicted children's expressive, receptive, and pragmatic language skills at 18-months, controlling for children's earlier skills and maternal education. Few relations were observed between family/child factors (e.g., education, child age) and features of the shared-reading interaction. Encouraging caregivers to question their preverbal infants during reading, and to help keep them engaged in the activity, could promote children's language learning.
•Specific features of early shared reading contributed to language development.•Considered infants' later expressive, receptive, and pragmatic skills.•Caregiver questions and infant interest during reading predict language learning.•Few family/child factors were associated with early shared reading interactions.
The aim of the present study was to test a narrow interpretation of a Home Literacy Model whereby individual differences in child early literacy are best explained in terms of parent teaching ...behaviours rather than parent expectations and child interest. In the study, parents completed home literacy questionnaires, and 5-year-old children (N = 108) were assessed on measures of interest, alphabet knowledge, and emergent word reading. The results revealed that many parents reported that they adopted a very active didactic role in their young child's early literacy. Moreover, parents tended to have high expectations about their child's acquisition of literacy skills prior to Grade 1. It is important to note that parent teaching as well as parent expectations and child interest each explained unique variance in early literacy after controlling for socioeconomic status and child nonverbal intelligence. Hence, the explanatory power of the Home Literacy Model would be increased if it included parent expectations and child interest.
Le but de la présente étude était de tester l'interprétation étroite d'un Modèle de littératie à la maison, selon lequel les différences individuelles de littératie précoce chez l'enfant sont mieux expliquées par les comportements d'enseignement parental que par les attentes parentales et les intérêts des enfants. Dans cette étude, les parents ont complété des questionnaires de littératie domestique et les enfants de 5 ans (N = 108) ont été évalués par rapport à leurs intérêts, leur connaissance de l'alphabet et la lecture émergente de mots. Les résultats ont révélé que plusieurs parents rapportaient adopter un rôle didactique très actif dans la littératie de leur jeune enfant. De plus, les parents tendaient à avoir des attentes élevées concernant l'acquisition des habiletés de littératie chez leur enfant avant la première année. Il est important de noter que l'enseignement des parents, tout comme leurs attentes et les intérêts de l'enfant, expliquaient une part unique de variance dans la littératie précoce après avoir contrôlé pour le statut socio-économique et l'intelligence non-verbale. Ainsi, le pouvoir explicatif du Modèle de littératie à la maison serait augmenté s'il incluait les attentes des parents et les intérêts des enfants.
This article focuses on the application of family law in Morocco. In order to give a qualitative overview, we conducted an ethnographic survey. The purpose was to understand how family law is ...implemented in practice in justice court. This research was conducted in the family court of Rabat (family section - court of first instance). In this report, we analyze the administrative and practical functioning of this court that was created after the reform of the family law in 2004. The objective was to study the daily running of the court, the type of cases that were handled, the ways they were handled in relation to the legal texts and the relations to the litigants. This paper deals more specifically with gender issue in the decisions made by the judges, especially on divorces, alimony and parenthood issues and their impact on gender inequalities.
According to the explicit provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC) and the Family Protection Act of 1391, the best interests of children's issue is the most significant ...subject. But personalization of interest or viewing laws and decisions without case by case assessment would lead to its destabilization. The child interest in CRC entails elements including communication with parents, attention to comments and views, identity, health, safety, education which should be examined in a case by case basis in order to achieve the highest child benefits. Therefore, the examination of these elements seems to be necessary even in the same subjects due to the difference in children's conditions that in most cases is conducted during judicial proceedings. In the present article, through as descriptive analytical method, it is attempted to notably decrease the ambiguities as to interest and determine its principal status by introducing and clarifying the elements of interests in the CRC and comparing them with Iran's laws relating to family. Iran's laws have explicitly introduced the family court and judges as the competent authorities for determination of best interests of the child. But CRC, while acknowledging the competent court element, considers the specialization in the children's affairs, having the adequate facilities and providing the expert opinion to the judges to be the necessary factors to achieve the best interests. Consequently, necessity of paying attention to and recognizing and prioritizing the elements of interest mentioned in the CRC will largely prevents the adoption of personal interpretations in the decisions related to children in Iranian courts and will provide the child with the highest levels of protection and care.
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