PurposeTo investigate whether Finnish adolescents' cardiorespiratory fitness measured using the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) changed between 1995 and 2020 and to examine between‐group variation in ...the five datasets during the past 25 years.MethodsData on five cohorts were collected in 1995 (n = 498), 1998 (n = 796), 2003 (n = 2383), 2010 (n = 1383), and 2020 (n = 719). The 20mSRT was administered, following the exact same protocol, to all cohorts. A general linear contrast model was used to examine cohort differences in the 20mSRT scores. Variation across cohorts was tested using chi‐square‐based between‐group tests.ResultsGirls' 20mSRT scores decreased from 1995 to 2010 and remained stable from 2010 to 2020. Boys' 20mSRT scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020. In addition, the variation in girls' 20mSRT scores was larger in the 2020 than 2003 cohort, indicating the growth of SRT differences between individuals in 2020 cohort compared to 2003 cohort. Similarly, boys' scores showed greater variation, especially in the 2010 and 2020 cohorts than in the 1998 cohort.ConclusionThe results of this study showed an overall decline in the cardiorespiratory fitness performance measured by 20mSRT of Finnish adolescents. Boys' scores decreased continuously from 1995 to 2020, whereas girls' scores remained stable after 2010. Examination of the variation in scores further revealed that the gap in scores between the adolescents with the highest and lowest scores increased over time.
Hoy día, a nuestro parecer, tanto desde la sociedad en general como desde las propuestas pedagógicas en torno a lo corporal y su expresión motriz en la infancia, no se atiende la ...multidimensionalidad y las necesidades de niños y niñas que habitan las instituciones educativas. ¿Dónde estamos? ¿hacia dónde vamos? y ¿hacia dónde queremos ir en Educación Física? son preguntas que nos interpelan a reflexionar sobre el sentido, significado y contribución de la disciplina a la sociedad, motivándonos a proponer una Educación Física otra, pensada desde las infancias como contrapropuesta a las lógicas de individualización, rendimiento y competitividad presentes en el sistema educativo tan propias de las sociedades de mercado. En este marco, en una primera parte planteamos tensiones presentes en el sistema educativo actual que perpetúan propuestas mas próximas a la corriente físico-deportiva de la Educación Física, y no así a aproximaciones relacionadas con la motricidad infantil, que significa la expresión de la globalidad, autovalencia y sello particular del ser y estar en el mundo de cada niño y niña. En segundo lugar, planteamos los fundamentos de esta Educación Física otra pensados desde las infancias, referidos a los significados de lo corporal y la motricidad en el desarrollo de niños y niñas. Significados que dignifican sus experiencias lúdico-exploratorias, sus posibilidades de ser con ellos y ellas, de ser con los otros y otras, y de ser unos y unas con y en la naturaleza. Se concluye, más allá de un recetario homogéneo, invitando a educadores y educadoras a re-crear, junto a los niños y niñas, itinerarios de realización vital que permitan el desarrollo de la capacidad de ser, convivir, poder y saber hacer.
Abstract. Today, in our opinion, both from society in general and from the pedagogical proposals regarding the corporal and its motor expression in childhood, the multidimensionality and needs of boys and girls who live in educational institutions are not being addressed. Where are we? where are we going? and where do we want to go in Physical Education? These are questions that challenge us to reflect on the meaning, significance and contribution of the discipline to society, motivating us to propose an "other" Physical Education, conceived from childhood as a counterproposal to the logics of individualisation, performance and competitiveness present in the educational system, so typical of market societies. In this framework, we first present tensions present in the current educational system that perpetuate proposals closer to the physical-sporting approach to Physical Education, rather than related to children's motor skills that encompasses the expression of the globality, self-valence and particular stamp of being in the world of each boy and girl. Secondly, we propose the foundations of this "other" Physical Education thought from the perspective of childhood, referring to the meanings of the body and motor skills in children's development. Meanings that dignify their playful-exploratory experiences, their possibilities of being with them, of being with others, and of being with and in nature. We conclude, beyond a homogeneous recipe book, by inviting educators to re-create, together with the children, itineraries of vital fulfilment that allow the development of the capacity to be, to live together, to be able and to know how to do.
Objectives:to identify content on play and interaction with children with special health care needs recommended in clinical guidelines; analyze play and interaction activities applicable to children ...with special health care needs and complex care requirements.Method:qualitative documentary research based on guides, protocols, or guidelines on playing and interacting with children with special and living with complex care. Search terms in English (guidelines, playing OR play, complex needs, OR chronic disease) and in Portuguese ( guia, brincar ou brincadeiras, condições crônicas ) on the first ten pages of_Google Search ® . Thematic analysis was applied to the information extracted from the documents.Results:a total of nine documents with similar content were grouped into units of analysis, keeping only the interacting and playing activities applicable to children with special health care needs and living with complex care requirements, namely stimulation of potential, stimulation of adult-child interaction, and stimulation of the senses (touch, sight, and hearing), to be carried out by health professionals and family caregivers in the different care contexts.Conclusion:interaction and play are potential promoters of adult-child interaction, with application in the stimulating and life-delivering complex care for children.Descriptors:Child; Play and Playthings; Social Interaction; Material Resources in Health; Guidelines as Topic; Child Health
Growth faltering is used to describe children who weigh a lot less or who are growing much more slowly than most others their age. It has also been called failure to thrive.
Background: Ultra-processed foods are manufactured formulations devoid of whole foods. Children from low-income and minority populations consume a high proportion of ultra-processed foods. The extent ...to which ultra-processed food consumption, not just total caloric intake, is associated with early childhood weight gain is unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of data collected from an RCT (n=610) to evaluate the association between baseline ultra-processed food consumption and child BMI-Z score over 36 months. At baseline, children were 3-5 years old with a BMI >50th and <95th percentile. Baseline mean daily total calories from ultra-processed foods was measured via 2-3 24-hour diet recalls, and NOVA classification was used to identify ultra-processed foods. The primary outcome was child BMI-Z, measured at baseline, 3-, 9-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month timepoints (36 months was the primary endpoint). Child BMI-Z was modeled using a longitudinal mixed-effects linear regression model, adjusting for child baseline total kcals, age, and sex; parent ethnicity; and household WIC/SNAP status and food security. Results: 601 children with sufficient baseline data were analyzed. Median baseline age was 4.3 (IQR 3.6, 5.0) years, 52.2% were female, and 91.2% of parents identified as Hispanic. Baseline median total daily calories were 1159 (IQR 933, 1396). Baseline median daily ultraprocessed foods calories were 697 (IQR 537, 913). Model-based estimates suggest that, compared with low ultra-processed intake (300 kcals/day), high ultra-processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was associated with a 1.1 higher BMI-Z at 36 months for 3-year-olds (95% CI=0.4,1.7; p=0.002) and a 0.5 higher BMI-Z for 4-year-olds (95% CI=0.1,0.9; p=0.02). The difference was not statistically significant for 5-year-olds or overall. Conclusions: In young children, high ultra-processed food consumption at baseline was associated with higher BMI-Z at 36-month follow-up, adjusting for total daily kcals. This suggests that the source of calories, in addition to total intake, could significantly influence early onset child weight gain. This may be important for developing obesity prevention interventions among young children.
Background: Many U.S. children and adolescents experienced accelerated rates of BMI gain during the early COVID-19 pandemic. To date, no studies have examined whether those rates persisted as the ...pandemic continued into 2021. We compared children's rates of BMI change before the pandemic to rates during two pandemic periodsearly (March-December 2020) and later pandemic (January-November 2021). Methods: We used heights and weights recorded in IQVIA's Ambulatory Electronic Medical Record database from January 2018-November 2021. We created a longitudinal cohort of patients who had >2 BMIs prepandemic (including >1 in the year directly before the pandemic), >1 BMI in the early pandemic, and >1 BMI in the later pandemic. We used mixed-effects models to examine differences in the rates of BMI change among the 3 periods. Models adjusted for interactions of the period of BMI measurement and time with each age category, initial BMI category, and sex, including lowerorder terms, and age in years and race. Results: Among 241,600 patients aged 2-19 years, 69.6% were WHITE, 52.0% male, and 15.8% had obesity at their first BMI. The monthly rates of BMI change (kg/m2) were 0.051 (95% CI: 0.051, 0.052) pre-pandemic, 0.105 (95% CI: 0.103, 0.107) in the early pandemic, and 0.040 (95% CI: 0.038, 0.042) in the later pandemic. The unadjusted prevalence of obesity was 17.1% in the year before the pandemic, 20.4% during 2020, and 21.4% in 2021. Conclusions: The accelerated rates of BMI increase observed during the early pandemic were largely attenuated in 2021 in this large cohort of U.S. youth. The rates were still positive, indicating that these youth did not lose the excess weight gained during the early pandemic; however, rates slowed to slightly lower than prepandemic rates. Notably, this cohort was predominantly WHITE, and BMI trends may look different in more diverse cohorts. The high prevalence of obesity raises concern about potential long-term consequences of excess adiposity and underscores the importance of healthy lifestyle interventions.
We propose an integrative model for the adaptation of immigrant-origin children and youth that combines ecological with risk and resilience frameworks. Immigrant-origin children and youth are now, ...and will continue to be, a diverse and demographically important segment of all postindustrial nations' populations. Synthesizing evidence across psychological, educational, and sociological disciplines produced since the seminal publication of García Coll et al.'s (1996) model, along with significant events such as a global refugee crisis, a sociopolitical "deportation nation" climate, and heightened xenophobia, we provide a model for understanding the current conditions immigrant-origin children and youth encounter as they develop. This new integrative conceptual model for addressing positive frameworks for adaptation provides a culturally relevant approach for understanding both the risks and resilience of this population. The model was designed to inform practice and future research in the service of immigrant-origin children and youth.
The American Diabetes Association published the position statement for the care of children and adoloscents with type 1 diabetes. Innovations have transformed the landscape and management of type 1 ...diabetes. However, strategies to prevent or delay type 1 diabetes in youth remain elusive and meanwhile the number of affected children continues to grow.
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