This quantitative longitudinal study cross-analyzes a shared print repository's periodical supplement records against physical copies to determine the accuracy of bibliographic representation for ...bound supplements. The authors relate the study's findings to collection managers and library administrators by highlighting prominent issues discovered, and by discussing the challenges this descriptive disconnect may present for shared repositories, as well as any library collection containing periodical supplements. By requesting that participating libraries provide catalog records for materials set to be submitted, the shared print repository central to this study was well positioned to access and analyze large samples of records and materials from an assortment of independent library collections. It was discovered that many periodical supplement records failed to fully represent actual supplement content held, particularly when involving supplements that were bound together with serial volumes. As a result, the authors pose that if relying only on standard supplement cataloging requirements to represent periodical supplement holdings, it may be particularly difficult for those overseeing collection management to know exactly what supplement content is held and bound within or apart from the affiliated parent resource materials. In turn, this issue may result in libraries inadvertently mislaying or discarding valuable supplement content, particularly when supplement information is not recorded and cataloged at the item level.
•I test how intergovernmental transfers affect local revenue collection in Tanzania.•Quarterly fiscal data from the Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Governance (PMORALG) ...are used.•Intergovernmental transfers ”crowd in” local revenues.•The positive effect of transfers on local revenue generation seems to be more pronounced in rural districts.
Do intergovernmental transfers reduce revenues collected by local government authorities (LGAs)? There is already a well-established body of literature in public finance, which argues that intergovernmental grants “crowd out” local revenues. Most existing studies, however, explore the fiscal implications of intergovernmental transfers in high-income countries where sound fiscal systems are taken for granted. In this paper, I explore the impact of intergovernmental transfers on local revenues in sub-Saharan Africa, a region where local fiscal capacity is limited and endogenously determined by financial support from international donors and the central government. I argue that in places where the existing capacity of LGAs to administer tax collection is weak and political costs of enforcing taxation are low—which are perennial features of many rural districts in Africa—intergovernmental transfers facilitate local revenue generation instead of undermining it. Analyzing newly available quarterly fiscal data on local revenues in Tanzania, I show that intergovernmental grants improve the mobilization of local revenues, and also that the positive effect of fiscal transfers on local revenue collection seems to be more pronounced in rural districts.
Summary
Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.
Using asymbiotic and ...symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.
The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.
Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.
Aim: Knowledge of expanding and contracting ranges is critical for monitoring invasions and assessing conservation status, yet reliable data on distributional trends are lacking for most freshwater ...species. We developed a quantitative technique to detect the sign (expansion or contraction) and functional form of range-size changes for freshwater species based on collections data, while accounting for possible biases due to variable collection effort. We applied this technique to quantify stream-fish range expansions and contractions in a highly invaded river system. Location: Upper and middle New River (UMNR) basin, Appalachian Mountains, USA. Methods: We compiled a 77-year stream-fish collections dataset partitioned into ten time periods. To account for variable collection effort among time periods, we aggregated the collections into 100 watersheds and expressed a species' range size as detections per watershed (HUC) sampled (DPHS). We regressed DPHS against time by species and used an information-theoretic approach to compare linear and nonlinear functional forms fitted to the data points and to classify each species as spreader, stable or decliner. Results: We analysed changes in range size for 74 UMNR fishes, including 35 native and 39 established introduced species. We classified the majority (51%) of introduced species as spreaders, compared to 31% of natives. An exponential functional form fits best for 84% of spreaders. Three natives were among the most rapid spreaders. All four decliners were New River natives. Main conclusions: Our DPHS-based approach facilitated quantitative analyses of distributional trends for stream fishes based on collections data. Partitioning the dataset into multiple time periods allowed us to distinguish long-term trends from population fluctuations and to examine nonlinear forms of spread. Our framework sets the stage for further study of drivers of stream-fish invasions and declines in the UMNR and is widely transferable to other freshwater taxa and geographic regions.
Heroisierungen und Heroismen folgen über Zeiten und Räume hinweg ähnlichen Prinzipien. Das »Prinzip Held*« lässt sich durch Bausteine verstehen, die im Spiel sind, wenn es um Heldinnen und Helden ...geht. Held*innen gibt es nur, wenn von ihnen berichtet wird. Das heißt: Jede heroische Figur entsteht erst durch diejenigen, die sie verehren. Erzählungen von Held*innen verfolgen eine Absicht, sind veränderbar, werden gemeinschaftlich geteilt und wirken nach außen hin abgrenzend. Heroismen steigern Heroisierungen zu gemeinschaftlichen Verhaltensmustern. Wer warum, durch wen und zu welchem Zweck heroisiert wird, kann verschieden sein. Doch die Prinzipien von Heroisierung und Heroismen sind immer gleich. Über gesellschaftliche und politische Kontexte hinweg lässt sich das »Prinzip Held*« anhand von neun Bausteinen beschreiben. Die hier versammelten Beiträge rücken das analytische Potenzial dieser Bausteine in den Mittelpunkt. Mit dem Essayband und der Ausstellung »Prinzip Held*«, die er begleitet, hat der DFG-Sonderforschungsbereich 948 »Helden – Heroisierungen – Heroismen« der Universität Freiburg seine wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse in eine neue Form der Wissenschaftskommunikation übertragen. Der Essayband spiegelt den interdisziplinären Ansatz der zwölfjährigen Forschung des DFG-Sonderforschungsbereichs 948 »Helden – Heroiserungen – Heroismen. Transformationen und Konjunkturen von der Antike bis zur Moderne« an der Universität Freiburg.
Here, Lines expands on a presentation he gave on Jul 28, 2020 at the ARA South East training meeting. They have seen an increase in demand for the use of the collections in University teaching, both ...internally and externally, over the last few years. His role was created in 2018 out of this demand. He dedicates his time facilitating teaching with collection sessions, while managing access to collections in their reading room. He implemented a system for logging and extracting data about the sessions, a feedback form to collect student experiences of engaging with collections, produced video guides to the collections and how to navigate them, and introduced a standardized introduction for students attending these sessions. The University of Reading assembled assisted recording rooms that could be booked by academics to film teaching content for use in their lectures and seminars. We decided to offer a similar setup but specifically related to collections.
Namen: Opisana je izgradnja knjižnične zbirke v Glasbeni šoli Jesenice ter na kakšen način in s kakšnimi poudarki naj bi se izgradnja te knjižnične zbirke nadaljevala.Metodologija/pristop: Izgradnjo ...knjižnične zbirke opisujemo glede na dejavnosti, ki sestavljajo načrtovan in sistematičen proces razvijanja obstoječih fondov knjižnice.Rezultati: Nabava gradiva mora biti usklajena s številom učencev, ki obiskujejo pouk pri posameznem instrumentu. Obrat knjižnične zbirke naj bi se čim bolj približal vrednosti ena.Omejitve raziskave: Podatki o tem, kaj se je dogajalo s knjižničnim gradivom in knjižnično zbirko pred letom 2003 niso znani in zato ne vemo, na kakšen način je bilo knjižnično gradivo pridobljeno, prav tako ni znana niti vrednost posamezne enote knjižničnega gradiva, ki je bilo v knjižnično zbirko vključeno pred letom 2003.Izvirnost/uporabnost raziskave: Teoretična izhodišča smo primerjali z dejanskim stanjem v knjižnici Glasbene šole Jesenice. Na ta način smo ugotovili, kaj bi pri izgradnji knjižnične zbirke na Glasbeni šoli Jesenice lahko še spremenili in izboljšali, da bi še povečali njeno relevantnost in da bi še bolj ustrezala potrebam in željam učiteljev in učencev Glasbene šole Jesenice.
Species trees have traditionally been inferred from a few selected markers, and genome‐wide investigations remain largely restricted to model organisms or small groups of species for which sampling ...of fresh material is available, leaving out most of the existing and historical species diversity. The genomes of an increasing number of species, including specimens extracted from natural history collections, are being sequenced at low depth. While these data sets are widely used to analyse organelle genomes, the nuclear fraction is generally ignored. Here we evaluate different reference‐based methods to infer phylogenies of large taxonomic groups from such data sets. Using the example of the Oleeae tribe, a worldwide‐distributed group, we build phylogenies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using two reference genomes (the olive and ash trees). The inferred phylogenies are overall congruent, yet present differences that might reflect the effect of distance to the reference on the amount of missing data. To limit this issue, genome complexity was reduced by using pairs of orthologous coding sequences as the reference, thus allowing us to combine SNPs obtained using two distinct references. Concatenated and coalescence trees based on these combined SNPs suggest events of incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization during the diversification of this large phylogenetic group. Our results show that genome‐wide phylogenetic trees can be inferred from low‐depth sequence data sets for eukaryote groups with complex genomes, and histories of reticulate evolution. This opens new avenues for large‐scale phylogenomics and biogeographical analyses covering both the extant and the historical diversity stored in museum collections.
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