In the digital age of platformization and digital capitalism, this study demonstrates the significant role of institutionalized relationships in influencing autonomy-control dynamics within platform ...companies. By contrasting multinational food delivery corporations with local cooperative courier services in Germany, we find that algorithmic management centralizes control in commercial platforms, thereby limiting worker autonomy. In contrast, cooperative models prioritize communication, trust, and self-determination. These findings underscore that works councils and collective representation of interests serve as countervailing powers in commercial platforms, actively advocating for worker protections. In summary, this study highlights the pivotal role of institutionalized relationships in shaping the evolving landscape of work, emphasizing their significance in achieving a more equitable and humane work environment.
Pestis: The Collective Challenges of Epidemics Ferreira, Carlos Miguel; Serpa, Sandro; Ferraz, Jorge
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,
05/2021, Letnik:
10, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Currently, COVID-19 is perceived as an epidemic, a new «plague», referring to the matrix metaphor of the pestis expressed in the series contagion – death – fear – isolation. This article aims to ...understand the multiple collective challenges posed by plague epidemics. The analysis of these challenges may contribute to the reflection on several dimensions that shape the COVID-19 pandemic threat. Individuals interpret the different pasts aiming to solve the problems they face in the present. The collective challenges that the political and medical «management» of the plague place are shaped by circumstantial coalitions of diverse interests, enabling the recognition, demarcation, and legitimisation of actions regarding its public management and control, materialised in concrete health policies, such as the development of several specific devices (isolation, health cordons, lazarettos, quarantine), thus intervening in the configuration of «collective management» of epidemics.
Received: 20 November 2020 / Accepted: 22 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
This study examines the challenges related to the music industry's digital transformation and potential role of blockchain from the perspective of collective management organizations (CMOs). Building ...on desk research and primary data from semi-structured surveys conducted with C-level executives and managers, this empirical analysis identifies major projects, their state of development, and prospects for digital transformation based on blockchain in the music industry. The findings reveal that there are a limited number of blockchain projects led by and/or with the relevant participation of CMOs. However, most are just research projects, proofs of concept, or pilots, showing that blockchain is currently in an experimental phase of development on the periphery of the music industry's digital transformation. This is not very different from analysts' understanding of the current situation and perspectives on the mass adoption of blockchain in other industries. In summary, blockchain is neither at the core of the music industry's digital transformation nor a priority for CMOs leading this process from the perspective of intellectual property rights management. The limited quality of music metadata, sparsity of sound data sources, and absence of a common data governance framework among different stakeholders within the industry are the main impediments to transforming blockchain into a global solution with transformative potential. Overall, the results provide a snapshot of the current status and possible future trajectories of blockchain adoption as a paradigm for intellectual property rights exchange within the music industry.
The paper aims to investigate the challenges involved in the potential deployment of blockchain technologies as a key constituent in the digital transformation of CMOs.
Building on desk research and primary data from semi-structured surveys conducted with C-level executives and managers involved in digital transformation strategies within the CMOs.
As main contributions, the paper identifies:•The current state of development of blockchain technologies in collective management;•How blockchain is perceived by decision makers within the CMOs;•How and why these organizations are evaluating the adoption of blockchain technologies as a solution to major issues regarding management of the intellectual property rights in the music industry
Resource management is one of the major contemporary challenges for rural societies. In the eastern Tarai plain (southern-east region of Nepal), with its high population densities (over 500 ...inhabitants/km²), territorial restructuring has forced local populations to cope with strong pressure on land and water. This has led to profound changes in the way these people use pokhari. These water bodies, which vary in ...
Irrigation technology played incommensurable role in agricultural practices as it reduces agricultural rainfall dependency and the adverse impacts of climate change. However, regardless of huge ...investments made in the establishment of irrigation schemes, some are collapsed soon after their operation. Among others, infirm management system and lack of beneficiaries’ active participation in collective management activities remain the critical factors. The purpose of this study was thus to scrutinize beneficiaries’ participation in collective irrigation management activities in the Koga Irrigation Development Project. Primary Data were collected from 220 randomly selected sample households. Principal Component Analysis and Censored Tobit Regression model were employed to analyze the data. The study found that households were mainly participated in regulation and controlling activities to manage the irrigation scheme. However, combinations of socio-economic and institutional factors such as annual income gains from irrigation agriculture, trainings, farmers’ perceptions, access to credit and extension services have influenced their participations. As a result, the study recommends that so as to ensure long-term collective agricultural irrigation systems sustainability, farmers should be encouraged to participate actively in various collective irrigation management activities and hindering factors should be addressed as well.
This paper provides an overview of recent forest tenure reform in rural China and a summary of findings from a series of surveys and research papers. The research papers cover several broad themes, ...including the impacts of enhanced policy stability, expanded farmer household forestland holding, and longer contract periods as well as a richer bundle of tenure rights, on farmers willingness to invest in money terms and labor inputs in forestry activities. The tenure devolution process is found to be influenced by the village political environment and by farmers' abilities as well, as outside monitoring and evaluation. This paper concludes by drawing implications from China's experience for international communities under similar trends of forest tenure devolution.
•China’s farm households have responded to a pattern of consistently improving land use rights, showing that consistently decreasing uncertainty encourages forest investment.•Collective management will often be temporary, insufficient or even sub-optimal. Private values will often dominate and private forest management will be the more successful final goal of devolution in very many cases.•Greater village democracy leads to greater allocation of forestland to households. Central and provincial government monitoring and enforcement (M&E) could be a positive factor to ensure reform to follow the central government goals.•The distributive effects from China’s reforms may be among the most interesting. They are perhaps the greatest reason that policy makers in general are interested in rural development in China and everywhere else.
•Global South cities are struggling with difficult and expensive transitions to bus rapid transit.•Transport management companies provide improvements over paratransit for all ...stakeholders.•TMC-centered reform can reduce risk to government and build trust with paratransit operators.•This alternative public transport reform approach is a viable alternative to BRT-centered reform.
Paratransit is the dominant form of public transport throughout cities of the Global South. Many of these cities recognize the negative characteristics of paratransit services stemming from competition in the market and have attempted to undertake reforms aimed at addressing these negative aspects. Comprehensive replacement of paratransit with bus rapid transit systems is a common reform approach, but the transition from atomized paratransit operators to formalized vehicle operating companies has proven more difficult and time-consuming than anticipated. In addition, high operational costs for BRT systems, especially when compared to paratransit services that impose no direct operational cost to government, are unsustainable burdens on limited budgets. Acknowledging these challenges, the City of Cape Town, South Africa has reevaluated this comprehensive replacement approach and recognized a continued role for paratransit in a hybrid public transport network. There remains the question of alternative approaches for improving paratransit service quality; the case of transport management companies (TMCs) in Nairobi provide an interesting model. The TMC structure improves passenger service quality by employing drivers on a salaried basis, managing operations collectively, and monitoring service delivery while maintaining profitable (subsidy-free) service. Therefore, this model appears to be a viable alternative reform approach for Cape Town and other cities in similar situations. This paper details the TMC structure, benefits for stakeholders, and discusses its potential as an alternative public transport reform path.
Music copyrights are not only considered as commodities but also considered as private property which must be recognized and protected by the state. In Indonesia, legal protection for copyright ...holders and creators is conducted through the National Collective Management Organization, while in Malaysia those issues are handled by Music Rights Malaysia Berhad. The purpose of this research using a comparative legal concept approach is to provide information about music copyright protection in Indonesia and Malaysia regarding legal issues regarding the position of the music copyright protection agency as well as prosecution and legal remedies for copyright infringements within the country and across countries. This study used normative juridical legal research. The results of study show that National Collective Management Institute (NCMI) and Music Rights Malaysia Berhad (MRM) have the same characteristics, namely as independent institutions and have attributive authority to take legal action against Music copyright violations. Furthermore, MRM has a narrower range of royalty collection than NCMI. In addition, MRM has no obligation to mediate if the case is a civil case. Besides, legal efforts that can be carried out by NCMI and MRM can be through the realm of criminal or casuistry litigation or arbitration.
The enactment of the Government Regulation No. 56 of 2021 on Management of Song and/or Music Royalty (PP No. 56/2021) has given a huge impact in regulating National Collective Management Organization ...(LMKN) since that regulation has given more detailed provisions for LMKN than Ministry of Law and Human Rights No. 38 of 2018 on Procedures for Application and Issuance of Operational Permits and Evaluation of Collective Management Institutions as well as other related regulations do. In PP No. 56/2021, LMKN was defined as State Auxiliary Organ and has been given authority to use its operational funds from royalties having been collected. However, those LMKN provisions in PP No. 56/2021 seem to be problematic as the previous regulations have not yet regulated the stipulations. By using stufentheorie created by Hans Kelsen and Hans Nawiasky, therefore, this research aims to know if LMKN provisions in PP No. 56/2021 contradicts with its basis norm. This research compares the prevailing regulations based on Indonesian hierarchy constitution to PP No. 56 of 2021. This research results that LMKN provisions as State Auxiliary Organ and in using its operational funds as regulated in PP No. 56/2021 is invalid. Therefore, the regulation needs to be harmonized to create a legal order.
Dieser Aufsatz vergleicht den Einsatz digitaler Plattformen in kommerziellen und kooperativen Arbeitszusammenhängen. Auf der Basis zweier qualitativer Fallstudien zu dem automatisierten ...Arbeitsmanagement in der kommerziellen Gig Economy (Lieferando.de) und der kollektiven Nutzung informationstechnischer Plattformen in kooperativen Projekten (Crow Cycle Courier Collective) diskutieren wir das veränderte Zusammenspiel von technischen und sozialen Strukturierungsleistungen in der Koordination von Arbeit.
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