Cervical perivascular sympathectomy (CPVS) can improve communication disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP); however, there are no research reports on the factors affecting surgical efficacy. ...This study aimed to establish a nomogram for poor prognosis after CPVS. We collected data from 313 CP patients who underwent CPVS at the Neurosurgery Cerebral Palsy Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to January 2023. Among them, 70% (
n
= 216) formed the training cohort and 30% (
n
= 97) the validation cohort. The general data and laboratory examination data of both groups were analyzed. In training cohort, 82 (37.96%) showed improved postoperative communication function. Logistic analysis identified motor function, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, and prothrombin activity as the prognostic factors. Using these four factors, a prediction model was constructed with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.807 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.743–0.870), indicating its ability to predict adverse outcomes after CPVS. The validation cohort results showed an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.650–0.869). The consistency curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test (
χ
2
= 10.988 and
p
= 0.202, respectively) demonstrated good consistency between the model-predicted incidence and the actual incidence of poor prognosis. Motor function, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, and prothrombin activity are independent risk factors associated with the prognosis of communication disorders after CPVS. The combined prediction model has a good clinical prediction effect and has promising potential to be used for early prediction of prognosis of CPVS.
Sex pheromones are known for only a few major click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) pests in North America. These pheromones could be used to monitor, as well as control, adult beetles. Our objective ...was to identify the sex pheromone of female Selatosomus aeripennis destructor (Brown), a predominant elaterid pest species in farmland in the Canadian Prairie provinces. Headspace volatiles from a group of S. a. destructor females were collected and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The GC‐EAD recordings revealed two candidate pheromone components that elicited weak (CPC‐1) or strong (CPC‐2) responses from adult male S. a. destructor antennae. The mass spectra of CPC‐1 and CPC‐2 indicated, and authentic standards confirmed, that they were the isomers (E)‐β‐farnesene and (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene, respectively. In three field experiments at various sites in Alberta, Canada, traps baited with synthetic (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene captured 7.1×, 6.8×, and 2.6× more males than unbaited control traps. In follow‐up experiments, traps baited with (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene captured significantly more males, but significantly fewer females, than unbaited control traps, indicating sex pheromone autodetection by females. (E)‐β‐Farnesene on its own was not attractive as a trap lure, and when added to (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene at a 20:1 ratio, it reduced the lure’s attractiveness. Our data support the conclusion that (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene is the major sex pheromone component of S. a. destructor females, with both an intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication function.
The click beetle Selatosomus aeripennis destructor (Coleoptera: Elateridae) is an important pest in Canada. We aimed to identify its sex pheromone, which could be used for monitoring and control. Analyses of female headspace volatiles revealed two isomers as pheromone candidates: (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene and (E)‐β‐farnesene. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene captured more males, but fewer females, than unbaited controls. Adding (E)‐β‐farnesene (20:1 ratio) decreased attractiveness. Thus, (Z,E)‐α‐farnesene is the major sex pheromone component, with intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication functions.
The coach relationship is one of the keys to success for an athlete. This relationship will be good if each person has the communication skills to accept and understand each other. This research aims ...to explore the role of a coach in understanding an athlete's condition in order to maximize the role of communication in that relationship. To conduct this research on the coach's role in understanding athletes' condition and maximizing communication functions, a selective study approach will be employed. The research sample was 173 (124 men, 49 women) from various sports (accuracy; martial arts; games; measurable) who participated in this research. The average age of participants was 20.07. The research results obtained were then analyzed using simple linear regression. This research uses the Coach Confirmation Instrument (CFI) with a value of α = 0.95. The calculation results of the three data (gender, sports involvement and type of sport) obtained a value of > 0.05, which means there is no significant relationship between gender, sports involvement and type of sport on coach confirmation. This means that gender has no impact on coach confirmation. Likewise with sports involvement and type of sport on coach confirmation. The conclusion of this research is that the coach's communication skills play an important role in understanding the athlete's condition, regardless of gender (male; female), sports involvement (individual; team), type of sport (accuracy; martial arts; games; measurable). Keywords: The role of the coach, relationship between coach and athlete, type of sport, gender, communication function.
•The EDACS strongly related with dysphagia scales.•The EDACS were strongly related with CFCS/VSS.•Poor functioning of eating and drinking abilities are related with poor functioning of gross motor ...and communication function..
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between various classification systems assessing the severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia and communication function and other functional profiles in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This is a prospective, cross-sectional, study in a university-affiliated, tertiary-care hospital. We recruited 151 children with CP (mean age 6.11 years, SD 3.42, range 3–18yr). The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) and the dysphagia scales of Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Swallow Function Scales (SFS), and Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) were used. The Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Viking Speech Scale (VSS) were employed to classify communication function and speech intelligibility, respectively. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GFMCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level were also assessed. Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the associations between measures and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify significant factors were used. Median GMFCS level of participants was III (interquartile range II–IV). Significant dysphagia based on EDACS level III–V was noted in 23 children (15.2%). There were strong to very strong relationships between the EDACS level with the dysphagia scales. The EDACS presented strong associations with MACS, CFCS, and VSS, a moderate association with GMFCS level, and a moderate to strong association with each domain of the PEDI. In multivariate analysis, poor functioning in EDACS were associated with poor functioning in gross motor and communication functions.
Birth characteristics and developmental milestones were evaluated as early predictors/correlates of communication in children with cerebral palsy. The hypothesis was that maternal report of child’s ...age for vocal play and first words would predict current functional communication. A case series of 215 children, 2 to 17 years (mean age = 8.2 years, SD = 3.9) with cerebral palsy was recruited from medical practices in 3 Michigan cities. Early developmental data were collected by maternal interview. The child’s Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) level was obtained from parent. Predictors of less functional communication included gestational age >32 weeks, number of comorbidities, age of first words after age 24 months, and use of communication methods other than speech. Several birth characteristics and developmental language milestones were predictive of later communication performance for children with cerebral palsy. These characteristics and milestones should trigger referrals for communication evaluations, including speech, language, hearing, and/or augmentative and alternative communication.
The study sought to examine the content validity, the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and concurrent validity of the Japanese versions of the Manual Ability Classification System, the ...Communication Function Classification System, and the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System, and representation of the distribution of the levels of each classification systems in comparison to the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels for children with cerebral palsy.
The Japanese versions were developed using the back-translation method. For content validity, professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire including items on the appropriateness of the translation, its validity, and distinctions among levels. For reliability, professionals used the three classification systems twice in children with cerebral palsy. For concurrent validity, relationships among the four classification systems were examined by correlation analyses.
Participants included twenty-one professionals and 290 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 12 years two months, female: 132, male: 158). The content validity was generally good. For reliability, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the intraclass correlation coefficients was greater than 0.89, and the correlation coefficients were high.
The results of this study showed good reliability and validity of the functional classification systems in Japan.
•For children with cerebral palsy between 1.5–12 years of age.•Participation frequency differed by gross motor, manual, and communication function levels.•Communication and gross motor function ...levels contributed to frequency of participation.•Communication function level contributed to enjoyment of participation.
The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, sex, gross motor, manual ability, and communication functions on the frequency and enjoyment of children's participation in family and recreational activities. The secondary aim was to determine the relationships between motor and communication functions and participation.
Participants were 694 children, 1.5–12 years old, with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents across the US and Canada. Parents rated children's frequency and enjoyment of participation using the Child Engagement in Daily Life measure. Parents and therapists identified children's level of function using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).
Differences in frequency and enjoyment of participation were found based on children's GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS levels but not age or sex. Children with higher gross motor, manual, and communication functions had higher frequency and enjoyment of participation, compared to children with lower functions. Frequency of participation was associated with GMFCS and CFCS levels whereas enjoyment of participation was only associated with CFCS level.
Knowledge of child's gross motor, manual ability, and communication functions of children with CP is important when setting goals and planning interventions for participation.
Interest in the prognosis of skill levels has been an important issue among children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to verify the stability of the Communication Function Classification ...System (CFCS) in 2- to 18-year-old children with CP. Data collected from 171 children with CP who received rehabilitation therapy in hospitals or attended special elementary schools in South Korea were reviewed. They were divided into two groups, children <4 years and children ≥4 years. Participants were evaluated over 1-year and 2-year intervals from the first rating. Agreement between the three measurements and the weighted kappa were analyzed. At the 1-year interval, results demonstrated a high agreement rate of the CFCS in children ≥4 years old, and during the 2-year interval the study revealed a low agreement rate in children aged 2-4 years. The results indicated the stability of the CFCS in children ≥4 years old but some change of the CFCS in 2- to 4-year-old children. Moreover, the findings suggested that the change of the CFCS varied with time and age. Based on these results, it is recommended that the CFCS assessments be performed periodically, especially among 2- to 4-year-old children with CP.
PDF
