Background: Adherence to treatment is essential for the management of pulmonary tuberculosis. Nurses and healthcare professionals play a significant role in promoting adherence behavior among this ...population. Nevertheless, defining adherence to treatment within this particular population remains complex. Objective: This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of adherence to treatment among individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis was employed in this study. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies published between July 2013 and July 2023. Results: The attributes of adherence to treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis consist of multiple components: biological, individual, social, health service, and policy-making processes. Antecedents include various patient-related factors as well as factors associated with clinical conditions and patient-health professional engagement. Three consequences of the concept have emerged: enhanced treatment efficacy, increased commitment to tuberculosis treatment adherence, and improved health service quality. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive operational definition of adherence to tuberculosis treatment, including its attributes, antecedents, and consequences. This framework will assist nurses in evaluating adherence more effectively. However, further research into the experiences of individuals adhering to tuberculosis treatment is needed to confirm and enhance these strategies.
The growth of the offshore wind industry in the last couple of decades has made this technology a key player in the maritime sector. The sustainable development of the offshore wind sector is crucial ...for this to consolidate within a global scenario of climate change and increasing threats to the marine environment. In this context, multipurpose platforms have been proposed as a sustainable approach to harnessing different marine resources and combining their use under the same platform. Hybrid wind-wave systems are a type of multipurpose platform where a single platform combines the exploitation of offshore wind and wave energy. In particular, this paper deals with a novel hybrid wind-wave system that integrates an oscillating water column wave energy converter with an offshore wind turbine on a jacket-frame substructure. The main objective of this paper is to characterise the hydrodynamic response of the WEC sub-system of this hybrid energy converter. A 1:50 scale model was tested under regular and irregular waves to characterise the hydrodynamic response of the WEC sub-system. The results from this analysis lead to the proof of concept of this novel hybrid system; but additionally, to characterising its behaviour and interaction with the wave field, which is a requirement for fully understanding the benefits of hybrid systems.
Quality is a determining indicator of the existence of Islamic higher education institutions in the future. Higher education with quality will be in demand by the community. Therefore, quality must ...be a priority indicator in the implementation of Islamic-based higher education. In order for the quality to continue to increase, universities should implement the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) in all areas of university administration. Integrated quality management requires the existence of an Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) which aims to ensure the implementation of ducation according to standards. In order for the Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) to run well, it is necessary to have a quality culture that is well understood and implemented by stakeholders. The quality culture contains several aspects, namely: 1) focus on customers, 2) obsession with quality, 3) scientific approach, 4) long-term commitment, 5) teamwork, 6) continuous improvement of the system, 7) education and training, 8) controlled freedom, 9) respect for everyone, 10) unity of purpose, 11) involvement and empowerment of employees. Efforts that can be made in developing and maintaining the quality of Islamic higher education include: 1) Strategic Plan as a basis for implementing education, 2) building a higher education brand image, 3) consistency in implementing the internal quality assurance system.
This open access book is the outcome of a unique multinational effort organized by the Hamburg-based Defense AI Observatory (DAIO) to portray the current state of affairs regarding the use of ...artificial intelligence (AI) by armed forces around the world. The contributions span a diverse range of geostrategic contexts by providing in-depth case studies on Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, the UK, and the United States. The book does not speculate about the future implications of AI on armed forces, but rather discusses how armed forces are currently exploring the potential of this emerging technology. By adopting a uniform analytical framework, each case study discusses how armed forces view defense AI; how they are developing AI-enhanced solutions, adapting existing structures and processes, and funding their defense AI endeavors; to what extent defense AI is already fielded and operated; and how soldiers and officers are being trained to work with AI.
The demand-pull and the promotion of technological progress have been the principal line of air-to-air missile development.This paper reviews the development course of American air-to-air missiles, ...puts forward that the operational concept is the original point of missile design, and the level of missile technology system determines the way of operation. Combine the US equipment demonstration mechanism, the new operational concept and the operational system requirements, the capabilities of future air-to-air missile are proposed.
Conceptual frameworks for ecosystem services of (ESCF), such as the cascade framework, have been used for various purposes. In this paper we demonstrate that the structure and content of ESCF are ...tailored to the user's specific concerns. We discuss which requirements an ESCF needs to fulfil in relation to two cases: when it acts as an organizing structure and when it serves as a model for the valuation of ecosystems in terms of their contribution to human well-being. Although such a framework will need to fulfil different requirements for each of these purposes, we provide some general recommendations for development, the most important ones being to include human well-being in the framework, to value ES functions, services and benefits, and to define the ESCF components first and foremost in terms of their relation to human well-being.
•The concepts of functions, ecosystem services (ES) and benefits need clarification.•The meaning of these concepts within frameworks depends on the purpose of use.•Integration of human well-being is vital in ES conceptual frameworks.•Values can be assigned to ES and benefits, and also to functions.
Structured teacher collaboration has considerable potential to support teachers' professional learning. The current article focuses on what characterises teachers' decision-making processes during ...teamwork. Video recordings of teacher team meetings form the empirical basis for the research. Interaction analysis is employed to analyse under what circumstances decisions are taken and to examine how teachers make use of conceptual resources (lived and formal concepts) in decision-making processes. For teams to accept proposals for decisions, they appear to need to be justified through pedagogical concepts; that is, when lived and formal concepts are linked. This study shows how the development of teachers' pedagogical concepts during teamwork is a collective process. The teachers also re-conceptualise and re-shape the concepts to strengthen their relevance in the context of their future work.
•Children learn time words as an ordered category, before mapping them to durations.•At 4, children can contrast, e.g., hour vs. min, choosing the longer duration.•Until 7, they struggle with 2 hrs ...vs. 3 min, and estimate time word durations poorly.•Mapping time words to perceived durations may require learning formal definitions.•This pattern is also observed for other abstract words: numbers, colors, and emotions.
Children use time words like minute and hour early in development, but take years to acquire their precise meanings. Here we investigate whether children assign meaning to these early usages, and if so, how. To do this, we test their interpretation of seven time words: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, and year. We find that preschoolers infer the orderings of time words (e.g., hour>minute), but have little to no knowledge of the absolute durations they encode. Knowledge of absolute duration is learned much later in development – many years after children first start using time words in speech – and in many children does not emerge until they have acquired formal definitions for the words. We conclude that associating words with the perception of duration does not come naturally to children, and that early intuitive meanings of time words are instead rooted in relative orderings, which children may infer from their use in speech.
•Develops a theory of belief understanding in terms of mental files.•Uniquely explains all existing data about how children understand belief and intensionality.•Makes remarkable, unique predictions ...about behaviour on a novel intensionality task.•Tests those predictions and finds them confirmed.
We provide a cognitive analysis of how children represent belief using mental files. We explain why children who pass the false belief test are not aware of the intensionality of belief. Fifty-one 3½- to 7-year old children were familiarized with a dual object, e.g., a ball that rattles and is described as a rattle. They observed how a puppet agent witnessed the ball being put into box 1. In the agent’s absence the ball was taken from box 1, the child was reminded of it being a rattle, and emphasising its being a rattle it was put back into box 1. Then the agent returned, the object was hidden in the experimenter’s hands and removed from box 1, described as a “rattle,” and transferred to box 2. Children who passed false belief had no problem saying where the puppet would look for the ball. However, in a different condition in which the agent was also shown that the ball was a rattle they erroneously said that the agent would look for the ball in box 1, ignoring the agent’s knowledge of the identity of rattle and ball. Their problems cease with their mastery of second-order beliefs (she thinks she knows). Problems also vanish when the ball is described not as a rattle but as a thing that rattles. We describe how our theory can account for these data as well as all other relevant data in the literature.
Background: Patient compliance with regimens is one of the most researched and least-understood behavioral concerns in the healthcare profession due to the many meanings employed in multidiscipline ...over time. Thus, a thorough examination of the idea of patient compliance is necessary.
Objective: This paper aims to explore and identify the essence of the term patient compliance to achieve an operational definition of the concept.
Method: Walker and Avant’s eight-step approach was used. A literature search was conducted using keywords of patient compliance AND healthcare profession from five databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane database, published from 1995 to 2022.
Results: The attributes of patient compliance include 1) self-care behavior, 2) following health recommendations, and 3) willing collaboration with health professionals. Antecedents of patient compliance were characteristics of therapeutic regimens, communication of health advice, and patients’ attitudes toward professional recommendations. Consequences include improved clinical outcomes, quality of life, and lifestyle or behavior modification.
Conclusion: This concept analysis offers a valuable perspective on patient compliance that guides the nursing practice in providing better interventions to promote compliance among patients.
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