Concession agreements (CAs) in the port sector are designed to establish mutually beneficial arrangements for involved parties. They serve as catalysts, enabling ports to attract adept private ...investors and secure requisite funding to enhance port infrastructure, superstructure, and service quality. Concurrently, the imperative to mitigate negative externalities and promote sustainable practices in port organization and development remains paramount. In this context, the paper explores the nuanced landscape of CAs, specifically focusing on the urgent need for an innovative framework that integrates sustainability within port organization, operations and development. Drawing from existing academic discourse and field evidence, it systematically identifies, examines, and analyzes fundamental requirements and key factors that should be considered in CAs, in line with sustainable development and proposes a reference framework for an ideal Concession Agreement model. Despite evident strengthening of sustainability implications in port concessions, significant room for improvement persists. Nevertheless, dynamics in the field create a certain optimism for the future.
Subject. With the entry of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) into the Russian Federation, it has become highly important to study the mechanisms of interaction and interpenetration of the two ...economies contributing to the formation of a single state. To implement this task, it is of paramount importance to adjust institutions, including the institution of public-private partnership (PPP). Objectives. To study the system of relations of public-private partnership and to find a model of public-private partnership which will fit the current state of the production forces in the DPR and contribute to the corresponding integration process. Methodology. The core principles of economic theory that address issues related to public-private partnership, the development of PPP relations, its forms, and models serve as the theoretical and methodological foundation of this study. The study is based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to identify inconsistencies within the public-private partnership system and suggest solutions to resolve them. This will ensure the integration of the DPR economy into the economy of the Russian Federation. The results of the study were substantiated by means of the retrospective analysis of the practice of public-private partnership relations in the Russian Federation, the DPR, and in foreign countries. Such analysis allowed validating the most effective mechanisms and models of PPP appropriate for the current circumstances in the DPR and the Russian Federation, encompassing the context of the special military operation. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there are different methodological approaches to defining PPP. Scientists and practitioners tend to use a pragmatic approach and characterise PPP in the context of specific projects, which allows them to implement its specific models and mechanisms. On the other hand, a lack of thorough analysis of socio-economic relations within PPPs makes it difficult to search for an effective model of relations between the state and business. Therefore, the authors studied the subject within a socio-economic approach. This made it possible to develop a concept of public-private partnership relations which will fit the current circumstances, challenges, and threats (in which the economy of the DPR is functioning) and contribute to the integration of the economy of the DPR into the economy of the Russian Federation.
The Government of Liberia is in the process of developing a new Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) that is intended to determine its path toward middle- income status. One central aspect of the ...strategy is likely to be a stronger focus on inclusive growth. This will mean that higher priority will be placed on growing the local private sector, and broadening the base of the economy. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure and services can be a key instrument for achieving these goals especially in an economy like Liberia. The analysis contained in this study identifies the steps toward establishing PPPs as both a policy instrument and method for deepening private sector investment in Liberia. Liberia's rich natural resource endowments have played a fundamental role in the way in which the economy has developed, and in the way in which Government manages private investment in extractive industries. The Government itself has a long history of entering into concession contracts with private investors and operators. Firestone rubber first signed a concession agreement in 1926, and re-signed their concession to last until 2041. More recently, the Government of Liberia has entered into several large natural resource and mining concession contracts that will see large sums of private sector capital invested onshore. This study is one element of a multi- faceted effort to support local private sector and financial sector development in Liberia. It takes into close account the Government's focus on job-creation, the post-conflict dynamics in the country, and Liberia's reliance on extractive industries as a primary source of revenue. The analysis also builds on previous economic sector work that has looked closely at how to stimulate private sector growth and investment, how to support small and medium-size enterprise (SME), and how to leverage existing private sector investment to generate deeper local markets and create new jobs.
Despite the interesting history of the concession, the existence
of official and private legal international foundations and scientific
works for the creation of concession legislation, in the ...legislation of
Georgia, it was not possible to determine the academic definition
of concession as a legal institution. The nature of the concession
agreement was not understood and distinguished, that is, a concession is a transfer of the right, not the property, however, a concession agreement is the way of its realization, that triggers problems of practice regarding assignment to a certain legal sphere,
legal regulation, court jurisdiction, selection of law, etc.
As the "Foreign element" participates in international private legal relations, state and foreign investor appear as parties in concession relations. For them, favorable situation, protective legal regime
and predictable environment are the main factors. Accordingly, the
development of concession legislation is of essential importance
for the economy of Georgia.
In addition to the legal purpose, the concession has an important social function and should ensure the inclusion of the private
sector in the economic life and development of the country. In order
to refine the legislation, the areas of application should be studied,
problems, peculiarities, realities should be identified and it should
be calculated what results will be achieved if the relevant legal
norms are implemented.
Refinement of the concession legislation is directly related to
the creation of an investment environment in Georgia. Attracting investments, investors' guarantees and efficient use of the country's
resources is a very urgent issue in terms of economic development,
job creation and increase of state revenues
The astonishing expansion of the global market and its trend to- wards globalization and the spread of international contracts have led to the emergence of international distribution channels aimed ...at achieving economic development and, thus, to the need for the Algerian market to integrate with these economic developments by creating an economic environment commensurate with these con- tracts considering free competition.
The franchise contract is one of the international distribution contracts that contribute significantly to the development of devel- oping countries by expanding the spread of major brands across the world, but these contracts are subject to some competitive legal conditions to avoid competition in the market.
Through this study, we will learn about the concept and types of commercial concession contract and the scope of application of the provisions of the Algerian competition law to it.
Cet article est une invitation subtile aux juristes congolais à la gouvernance forestière qui est encore préoccupante en République démocratique du Congo. Nous ouvrons la première page de cette ...vision par une étude sur la compréhension de la forêt. De la définition à la nature juridique, il a été question dans cette œuvre d’esprit d’une illumination. En effet, c’est à la lumière de la discipline juridique de droit des biens, que nous avons étudié et établi tout au long de cette écriture que : - la forêt est un bien ; - la forêt est une universalité ; - la forêt est un immeuble ; - la forêt est spécialement un immeuble par incorporation. La page reste désormais ouverte afin que vive la doctrine, le droit forestier et la forêt de la République démocratique du Congo.
This study evaluated the efficiency of railway transport under three different aspects: technical efficiency, quality of service efficiency and economic efficiency of Brazilian railway concessions ...from 2006 to 2018 using the Data Envelopment Methodology - DEA. As a result of the proposed analysis, it was found that the current quality of service indexes established in Concession Contracts were not able to encourage quality of service improvements. It was also observed that concessionaires with better technical efficiency are those with lower economic efficiency, indicating that there are gains in profitability with the worsening of the service's quality.
Under pressure from donor agencies and international financial institutions such as the World Bank, some developing countries have experimented with the privatization of water services. This article ...reviews the econometric evidence on the effects of water privatization in developing economies and presents new results using statistical data envelopment analysis and stochastic cost frontier techniques and data from Africa. The analysis fails to show evidence of better performance by private utilities than by state-owned utilities. Among the reasons why water privatization could prove problematic in lower-income economies are the technology of water provision and the nature of the product, transaction costs, and regulatory weaknesses.
•Operational research helps to reduce the complexity of planning.•The optimal positioning of the storage yards reduces the skidding distance of the logs.•Optimized planning can be considered a viable ...alternative.•The proposed methodology does not interfere with the exploration methodology.•There was a reduction of more than 25% in the cost of skidding logs.
In Amazonian native forest management, forest road infrastructures, such as log storage yards and skid trails, are the most expensive attributes and are responsible for the significant environmental impacts with selective tree felling. Road optimization is crucial for reducing environmental impacts and production costs and is strongly linked to the optimal location of storage yards, which are essential to forest road planning. Considering the present problem and the current solutions available, this case study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and eventual gains of optimized forest planning (OFP), as compared to traditional forest planning (TFP). The TFP method is currently used most frequently by forest companies in the Amazon region. The study area of 126.41 ha belongs to the National Forest (NAFO) Saracá-Taquera, Forest Management Unit II (FMU-II), Annual Production Unit (APU) 04/2018, and Work Unit (WU) 2. For the analysis, two areas were defined for exploration: the first was explored using the OFP mathematical model (57.75 ha) and the second followed the TFP plan of the company (68.66 ha). Plans and executions for both areas were compared. The OFP model significantly reduced the Euclidean distances between tree and yards, with only 0.23 km difference in the amount of planned forest roads, when compared to TFP. Additionally, OFP demonstrated a higher productivity (trees.h-1 and m3.h-1), a reduction of skid distance (by an average of 17.16%), and reduced the cost of log skidding (m3 by 25.76%). Thus, this study proved that OFP is a viable solution that can be adopted by companies to increase productivity.
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