Rezultati iskanja

Humanitarian crises are on the rise in abroad, and the opportunities for international relief are increasing. Nurses involved in international medical relief are expected to have the knowledge and ... skills to treat a wide range of target populations and a variety of illnesses and injuries. Therefore, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital has implemented a training program to strengthen the practical nursing capabilities required for international relief work. The program combines On-the-Job Training (OJT), in which participants rotate through a selected clinical department based on their background and training goals, with Off-the-Job Training in the International Medical Relief Department. The OJT content covers 19 of the 27 medical services listed in the Classification and Minimum Standard for Emergency Medical Teams. Twenty-three participants who have completed the training have been deployed a total of 58 times for in disaster relief, humanitarian assistance in conflict areas and long-term development cooperation projects, and three have also worked in management positions. The training is organized as a self-development program for nurses working internationally, in medical facilities rather than educational institutions. To make the program more effective, Infection Control, Community Engagement and Accountability, and Protection, Gender and Inclusion are required to be included by international standards. več

The purpose of this study is to develop the Conflict Areas Index (CAI) to identify possible conflict areas that couples experience in their marriages and to develop the Conflict Styles Inventory ... (CSI) to assess how they deal with these conflicts. Exploratory (N=374) and confirmatory (N=152) factor analysis and test-retest (N=49) examinations were conducted with a sample of 575 married individuals in total. For the first scale, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the construct validity of the CAI. According to the results, a single component giving frequency values for 15 different conflict areas was identified. In the criterion-related validity studies, the scale had a significant, negative, and strong correlation with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (r=-.72) and the level of satisfaction with the relationship (r=-.67). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found as .91. For the second scale, the construct validity of the CSI was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results revealed a three-dimensional structure named destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles. In the criterion-related validity studies, it was found significant and positive correlations between destructive (r=.14) and passive (r=.18) conflict resolution styles with CAI scores and a significant and negative correlation between active resolution style with CAI scores. In addition, there were significant and negative correlations between destructive (r=-.15) and passive (r=-.12) conflict resolution styles with the RAS scores and a significant and positive correlation between active conflict resolution style with the RAS scores. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .88, .87, and .87 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. The correlation values between the scores of the CSI within a 14-day time interval were ⍴=.94, ⍴=.91, and ⍴=.83 for destructive, passive, and active conflict resolution styles, respectively. These results indicated that CAI and CSI have sufficient psychometric properties that can be used to assess conflict areas and conflict resolution styles of married individuals. Bu çalışmanın amacı çiftlerin evlilik ilişkilerinde yaşadıkları olası çatışma alanlarını belirlemeye yönelik Çatışma Alanları İndeksi’nin (ÇAİ) ve bu çatışmaları nasıl ele aldıklarını değerlendirmeye yönelik Çatışma Stilleri Envanteri’nin (ÇSE) geliştirilmesidir. Ölçme araçlarının açımlayıcı (N=374) ve doğrulayıcı (N=152) faktör analizi ile test-tekrar test güvenirliği (N=49) incelemeleri toplam 575 kişiden elde edilen veriler üzerinden incelenmiştir. ÇAİ’nin yapı geçerliğini incelemek için temel bileşenler analizinden yararlanılmış ve 15 farklı çatışma alanına yönelik sıklık puanı veren tek bir bileşen elde edilmiştir. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmaları kapsamında ÇAİ’nin, İlişki Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile (r=-.72) ve ilişkiden duyulan memnuniyet düzeyi ile (r=-.67) kavramsal olarak kabul edilebilir ilişkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. ÇAİ’nin iç tutarlılık katsayısı ɑ=.91’dir. ÇSE’nin yapı geçerliği Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ile incelenmiş ve yıkıcı, pasif ve aktif çatışma çözme stilleri olarak adlandırılan üç faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. ÇSE’nin ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmaları kapsamında ÇAİ puanları ile yıkıcı (⍴=.14) ve pasif (⍴=.18) çatışma çözme stilleri ile arasında anlamlı ve pozitif, aktif çatışma çözme stili ile anlamlı ve negatif yönde (⍴=-.42) korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, İDÖ puanları ile ise yıkıcı (r=-.15) ve pasif (r=-.12) çatışma çözme stilleri arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde (r=-.42), aktif çatışma çözme stili ile anlamlı ve pozitif yönde (r=.50) korelasyonlar elde edilmiştir. Yıkıcı, pasif ve aktif çatışma çözme stili şeklinde adlandırılan faktörlerdeki maddelerin iç tutarlılık katsayıları ɑ=.88, ɑ=.87 ve ɑ=.87’dir. ÇSE’nin 14 gün arayla uygulanması sonucunda elde edilen veriler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları ise yıkıcı, pasif ve aktif çatışma çözme stili için sırasıyla ⍴=.94, ⍴=.91 ve ⍴=.83’dır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, ÇAİ ve ÇSE’nin evli bireylerin çatışma alanlarını ve çatışma çözme stillerini değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. več

海外の人道危機の増加に伴い国際救援活動のニーズは高まっている。国際活動に従事する看護職には幅広い対象の様々な疾患や外傷に対応できるジェネラリストとしての看護実践力が求められる。日本赤十字社愛知医療センター名古屋第二病院では、国際要員を目指す看護職の実践力の強化研修制度を設けている。プログラムは研修者の背景や目標に基づき選択した研修部署をローテートするOJTと、国際医療救援部でのOff-JTを融合させている。OJT内容はEMTで提供する医療サービス21/27項目を網羅している。修了者23名は、災害救援、紛争地での人道支援や開発協力などに延べ58回派遣されており、3名は管理的な役割を担う者もいた。成人教育を基盤とした本研修は、教育機関ではなく医療施設の臨床現場を活用したプログラムであり、より効果的な研修とするためには、国際基準として求められている看護実践内容を踏まえ、感染管理、Community Engagement and Accountability、Protection, Gender and Inclusionなどを研修に包含する必要がある。

PurposeInformed by the concept of well-being in Islam and the eudaimonic view of psychological well-being (PWB), and drawing on resilience theory, this study aims to understand (1) the implications ... of residing in conflict areas for entrepreneurs’ PWB, (2) the barriers facing entrepreneurs in these areas and (3) the implications of their religiosity for their PWB.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing an interpretative qualitative method, this study employed 22 entrepreneurs residing in conflict areas (Palestine and Libya). Thematic analysis was used to explore the participants’ experiences and insights.FindingsThe findings show that living in conflict areas enhances certain components of entrepreneurs’ PWB, such as self-acceptance and having a purpose in life and diminishes other components of their PWB, including environmental mastery, personal growth, the presence of autonomy and positive relations with others. Additionally, the findings suggest that religiosity, viewed through an Islamic lens, positively contributes to entrepreneurs’ PWB and identify societal (macro level) barriers faced by entrepreneurs in these areas.Originality/valueThe study is theoretically and contextually relevant and offers novel insights into the interplay between religion and well-being in conflict areas. It presents a reinvigorated awareness, opens specific research directions and permits the contextual applicability and possible extension of resilience theory. več

Despite emerging study of business initiatives that attempt to support local peace and development, we still have significant knowledge gaps on their effectiveness and efficiency. This article builds ... theory on business engagements for peace through exploration of the Footprints for Peace (FOP) peacebuilding project by the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (FNC). FOP was a business-peace initiative that attempted to improve the lives of vulnerable populations in conflict-affected regions. Through 70 stakeholder interviews, we show how FOP operationalized local peace and development in four conflict-affected departments of Colombia, and examine FNC’s motivations for and effectiveness of its peacebuilding activities. Our main finding is that FOP’s success supported several existing theories on business engagement in peace both in terms of peacebuilding by business and for local economic and societal development, providing evidence in support of development–business collaborations and local peacebuilding by business under certain targeted circumstances. We relate these findings to existing literature, highlighting where existing business-peace theory is supported, where FOP challenged assumptions, and where it illuminated new research gaps. These findings serve to take business-peace theory forward and improve our understandings of what can constitute success for business-peace initiatives in Colombia and possibly other conflict-affected regions. več

Abstract Israel’s Arabs are citizens, but they are an ethnic minority and a national minority (Palestinians) in a Jewish-majority state. The decades-long Palestinian–Israeli conflict has erupted in ... recent years in violent outbursts between Arab and Jewish citizens. April–May 2021 saw severe violence against individuals and businesses on both sides and damage to holy sites. In this context, a qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted amongst 15 Arab social workers in Israel (mean age 45, mean experience twenty years), to examine their perspective regarding the Palestinian–Israeli conflict, particularly the April–May civil dispute. The findings revealed that the social workers wanted to be involved as leaders. The findings also revealed the bind in which they find themselves, caught between local government and the committee that represents the country’s Arab citizens, between the demands of the community and the demands of the employer and between their personal values and their professional values. The study makes a theoretical contribution by addressing the need to create a safe space in the workplace so that social workers can discuss the conflict and its ramifications for them. The study may also contribute to the training of social workers and providing a safe space for another narrative. In recent years, the decades-long Palestinian–Israeli conflict has erupted in violence against both sides. The most recent major incidents, in April and May 2021, included physical harm to individuals and damage to holy sites and businesses. Meanwhile, social workers have been required to carry out their routine duties without voicing their views on the conflict. This study of Arab social workers in Israel found that they want to be involved in resolving the conflict instead of being excluded. They believe that they have the necessary skills and that involvement will improve the image of their profession. They say that they represent the sane voice in an insane situation and therefore should be in positions of influence. However, local government in Israel is the main employer of Arab social workers, who are caught between the views and orders of local politicians and their own personal and professional values. Therefore, despite the desire to express their views on the conflict, these social workers hesitate to do so. več

The achievement of education in rural populations was one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), outlined by the United Nations. During the last World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), ... it was concluded that the majority of the world’s poor, illiterate and undernourished population lives in rural areas; therefore, access to education is considered one of the greatest challenges for governments in countries with developing economies. The purpose of this study was to determine how a theoretical-practical training program in rural management and leadership (D-ML), artificial insemination (D-AI), and bovine genetic improvement (D-GI) affected the perception and level of knowledge in a rural population affected by Colombia’s armed conflict. Phase 1 included the theoretical and practical training of undergraduate animal sciences students in three dimensions (D-ML, D-AI, D-GI). After training, students were evaluated according to their level of theoretical-practical knowledge and their behavioral performance. There were 13 students selected to be a part of what we went on to call “the group of student leaders.” Phase 2 included the socioeconomic characterization and training of rural residents by the group of student leaders and field experts in the same three dimensions (D-ML, D-AI, D-GI). We evaluated the perception and level of knowledge before and after training in 63 rural residents using an evaluative instrument. The perception of knowledge in rural residents was low for general knowledge (GTD) (2.48 ± 0.76, p < 0.05), D-ML (2.89 ± 1.18, p < 0.05) and D-AI/D-GI (2.17 ± 0.83, p < 0.05), in accordance with the 5-point Likert-type ordinal scale. When level of knowledge was measured before the theorical-practical training, the level of GTD was 45.9%, however, after the training it increased to 77.6% ( p  < 0.01), while the level of knowledge for D-AI increased from 38.5% pre-training to 80.6% (p <0.05) post-training, and level of knowledge for D-GI pre-training was 50.8% and increased to 73.0% ( p  < 0.01) post-training. Finally, the level of knowledge for D-ML increased ( p  < 0.01) from 54.8% pre-training to 75% post-training. Altogether, rural extension programs contribute to closing knowledge gaps in relation to the use of reproductive biotechnologies and bovine management in rural areas affected by armed conflict. več

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges encountered by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) operating in armed conflicts within the Democratic Republic of the ... Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). Through a 20-month fieldwork analysis, this research maps logistical risks and highlights key obstacles on the ground for successful humanitarian deployments in dynamically changing and complex environments. The study brings together academics and practitioners, providing practical and concrete recommendations for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to focus on in the conflict zones studied. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by INGOs in conflict zones. After collecting data from the field, including interviews with key stakeholders and on-the-ground observations, the data analysis uses software tools such as Text Analysis Markup System analyzer and Macbeth. By adhering to ethical principles and incorporating a reflexive analysis, the study sheds light on the multidimensional nature of successful humanitarian deployments. Findings The primary risk in all armed conflict zones, including the DRC and CAR, is insecurity. However, to achieve a successful humanitarian deployment in such contexts, a multidimensional approach is required. This involves first securing the acceptance of local communities and conflict parties, which can be achieved through a deep understanding of both political and customary structures, with a focus on respecting key engagement leaders. Sustainability also plays a crucial role, and NGOs must maintain a secure stock of energy and provide greater initiative for on-the-ground managers to meet the expressed needs of beneficiary populations and involve them from the planning stage onwards. Finally, effective communication, cooperation and collaboration with United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs are essential to overcome procurement, technical and security risks, particularly during the initial deployment phases. Originality/value This study provides an illustration of the uncommon practice of conducting collaborative research in humanitarian settings amidst two neighboring areas of armed conflict. The authors identified 268 common risk factors across eight categories during five deployment phases. To analyze these risks based on criticality and NGO responsiveness, the authors used a multicriteria method. This approach allowed the authors to validate unanimous judgments, resulting in valuable insights and concrete recommendations. več

Background The storage of antimicrobials at home is frequently in-practice in various developing countries, resulting an irrational use, antibiotic resistance, and toxicities. This condition may ... worsen more in conflict zones where health facilities are limited. This study aimed to determine the storage and use of leftover antibiotics among households (HHs) along with knowledge and awareness about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (ABR). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Members of HHs were invited to participate in the survey while using a convenient sampling technique. The data were obtained using a validated questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS. Results A total of 96 HHs were randomly selected from two districts ( n = 50, n = 46), with most of the participants being men between the ages of 18 and 28 ( n = 45, 46.9%) years. The majority of HHs ( n = 32, 33.3%) had six to eight total family members, with one to two chronic diseases ( n = 63, 65.6%), individual families ( n = 60, 62.5%), and with ( n = 35, 36.5%) LRTIs (lower respiratory tract infections). The HHs were aware of the word “antibiotic” ( n = 59, 61.5%) and gave correct replies to amoxicillin as an antibiotic ( n = 42, 43.8%); on the other hand, HHs also thought of paracetamol as an antibiotic ( n = 45, 47.9%). They identified the most common brands of antibiotics easily, and a majority of them ( n = 69, 71.9%) had never heard of ABR before and had lower levels of awareness. The most stored antibiotic at home (n=38, 39.6%) was azithromycin (J01FA10). In addition, they had multiple needless (1–2, n = 62, 64.6%; 3–4, n = 29, 30.2%) and antibiotics in their houses. Age had a strong association ( p = 0.017, H = 12) affected the mean knowledge scores related to antibiotic use. Association of education levels ( p = 0.001, H = 52.8) and occupation ( p = 0.04, H = 10) with proper antibiotics use were found to be significant. However, family members with more than one chronic illness ( p = 0.09, H = 0.8) showed a significant relationship with their awareness of antibiotics. Conclusion Participants generally stored various antibiotics of different classes in their homes. Lack of knowledge related to the appropriate usage of antibiotics, use of leftover antibiotics, and awareness related to ABR were unknown to the participants. več

Being an Arab lecturer in a Jewish academic institution under fire has challenged me as a professional, a researcher, and a lecturer. Social workers often function in the context of conflicts, but ... the practice focuses on normative social problems such as domestic violence, poverty, and crime rather than the effects of the conflict on social workers and their clients. In my academic institution, which for years has been in a conflict area and under fire, students are not equipped with relevant knowledge and skills. This article analyzes my personal narrative documented during three of Israel’s wars with the Gaza Strip. več