As the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) plays a major role in maintaining the country's diversity. As we know, intolerance among Indonesians has become a major problem ...for the nation. This research examines how NU constructs and spreads the value of tolerance through its online media, called “NU Online.” The theory of the social construction of reality, written by Berger and Luckmann, is used as a theoretical framework to depict internalization, objectification, and externalization processes in NU Online while constructing and spreading tolerance issues. Data were collected using a qualitative method, interviewing NU Online's members and editorial teams. The results of this study show that NU has an organizational value that regards tolerance as an important aspect of religious life. Moreover, the Islamic value of NU became a behavioral basis for all NU members, including members of NU Online. This value is called Ahlusunnah Waljamaah. Since becoming NU members, they have been internalized by the Ahlusunnah Waljamaah as a core value of the organization. Furthermore, in NU Online, this value spreads to the public through objectification and externalization processes.
Data journalism is an emerging form of journalism, entailing the discovery of stories in data with the assistance of data algorithms. The burgeoning literature has largely interpreted the work of ...data journalism through the lens of objectivity. This paper, however, rejects the applicability of objectivity to data journalism. This inapplicability is the product of five factors: the extensive use of data and data algorithms in journalism; the difficulty in verifying data; the imbalance in data and data access; the uncertainty about if and to what extent data journalists can obtain sufficient knowledge of data contexts and algorithms; and their "design subjectivity" in the data processing process. Data reporting becomes a process of knowledge construction under the influence of these factors. The article argues that because of the social constructionist nature of data journalism, serving the public interest and democracy is a more appropriate principle than objectivity for data journalism. It suggests shifting academic attention from celebrating objectivity in data journalism to examining the epistemology of data journalists, the factors influencing data journalists' formation of knowledge in reporting, their defence of cultural authority, and the democratic meanings of data reports in future research. Such understanding also has implications for data journalism pedagogy and practice.
An analysis of communication tools for constructing reality, which are actively used in the post-truth era, is carried out. The influence of information technologies on the evolution and quality of ...modern media is highlighted and the role of social networks is defined. Features of communication tools of the post-truth era are determined. The role of modern communication technologies in shaping the political consciousness of society is revealed. The commercialization of political media, the growth of populism and the reincarnation of authoritarianism have actualized the phenomenon of "post-truth". In the struggle for electoral support and the achievement of political goals, the truth becomes unimportant, and the purpose and effectiveness of its achievement justify lies. The possibility of open disregard or manipulation of facts in the post-truth era contributed to the mass spread of constructing reality phenomenon in order to achieve political goals. Polytainment plays a leading role in the set of tools for constructing reality. The presentation of information that takes place in the format of a talk show turns into a spectacle, and the charisma of speakers who purposefully shape an imaginary picture of the world, dominates over objective reality. The improvement of modern means of information processing has supplemented the toolkit of constructed reality with the technique of political targeting. Internet trolls occupy an important place among the tools for constructing post-truth era reality. The most famous Russian "troll factory" distributed provocative content with the aim to influence either domestic political life of certaim countries or perception of users of global social networks regarding geopolitical problems in the world.
In the wake of growing legalization efforts, both medicinal and recreational marijuana use in the US is becoming more prevalent and societally acceptable. However, racial, criminal and cultural ...stereotypes linger in mediated visual portrayals. This study examines the extent to which mediated visual portrayals in mainstream news have been impacted by these recent legalization efforts. Employing a quantitative as well as a qualitative analysis of visual images used to represent marijuana use in mainstream news, this study draws upon the power of visual framing and the construction of social reality to examine how visual symbols and iconic signifiers are used to construct both stereotypical and ‘mainstreamed’ or ‘normative’ depictions of marijuana use. Analyzing 458 visuals across 10 different media outlets across the political spectrum, both before and after legalization of marijuana in Colorado, this study shows how news portrayals perpetuated stereotypes about marijuana users, particularly around criminality and pot-culture iconography. Relatively few depictions of marijuana users in the US are visuals of ordinary, ‘normal’ people or families. This study thus interrogates the relationship between representations of race, criminality and ‘pothead’ stereotypes associated with marijuana use, and how these visual representations differ amongst liberal and conservative news sites, finding that the political ideology of the news outlet largely influences the visual stereotyping of marijuana users. The study concludes by considering both the legal and cultural implications of how mainstream news visually represents marijuana use, considering how persistent decades-old representations were largely perpetuated rather than challenged in light of legalization efforts.
Objective
The aim is to consider Long COVID not as a new clinical entity but as another example of a disabling, historical phenomenon.
Conclusions
A triad of polymorphic symptomatology, an elusive ...pathophysiological explanation and a hostile defensiveness has appeared throughout history. The reluctance to consider these contextually may delay early intervention and appropriate patient care.
Mass media as the main channel of information was responsible for conveying information that became the public reference. Tirto.id, a verified news portal at the Press Council, reported six ...investigative news stories high lighting the government’s unpreparedness in dealing with the spread of Covid-19. The news between 27 February to 14 March 2020 were the objects of this research. Based on the objects, this research focused on the construction of Tirto.id on the reality of the government’s unpreparedness. This study used a descriptive qualitative method through Robert M. Entman’s framing analysis model. The reports of this study werestructured into: Define Problems, Diagnose Causes, Make Moral Judgments, and Treatment Recommendations. On the aspect of Define Problems, the research showed misinformation and coordination. The aspects of DiagnoseCauses were being ignored because of safe feeling. On the aspect of Make Moral Judgments, it showed criticism of biased policies. Meanwhile, on Treatment Recommendations, the state/government must be able to protect its people. The conclusion obtained showed that Tirto.id saw the government’s unpreparedness as a reflection of the country’s failure to protect its people due to unprofessional actions and biased policies in handling Covid-19.
When confronted with new or old challenges, humans are inevitably forced to create new solutions or new formulations of existing solutions. The practice of issue solving in the physical world or the ...concept of innovation in the mental world have varying connotations across cultures and languages. The present study is an attempt to identify the constituent elements of the social reality of innovation in knowledge-based companies in the context of Persian language in Iran. This study takes an applied, descriptive approach. The research is qualitative in nature and employs the memory-work method in accordance with the social constructivist perspective. The statistical population consists of individuals employed in knowledge-based firms in Guilan Province's Science and Technology Park. Seventy participants were sampled using a non-random sampling procedure. The study showed that the factors of social construction of innovation in knowledge companies fall into two categories. The first consisted of subject-related elements, including patience, exhaustion, curiosity, observing, drive for problem solving, calmness, partiality, fearing, struggling, doubting, and having a personal purpose. The second consisted of object-related elements, including Internet surfing, time passing, changing decor, joking, a noisy setting, a working group, silence, and experimenting. The examination of the elements revealed a conflict between motion and stillness in the subject-related aspects, which has not been observed in past research where stillness in the present time and deferring change to a later time are not present. An analysis of the object-related components revealed that the primary source of innovation was Internet surfing.
In this study, we examine the social phenomenon known as ‘QAnon’. While QAnon is typically thought of as an exclusively online cultural phenomenon, and thus easily dismissed, it has played a ...significant role in promoting physical acts of violence—including multiple murders and the attack on the United States Capital on 6 January 2021. Utilizing a qualitative analysis of 300 hours of QAnon-related content, we argue that the widespread beliefs held by QAnon supporters were only possible due to the confluence of feelings of distrust in government and other public officials, purveyors of QAnon that profited in the movement’s success, and a populist digital media environment in which extremist ideas are housed and promoted. We conclude by asking if this is a phenomenon created by greater connectivity, or if this is a byproduct of late-stage capitalism in which social relations continue to be atomized.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a possible framework for extinction accounting which builds on but also extends significantly the existing GRI guidelines relating to species ...identified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List as under threat of extinction.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyses disclosures relating to rhinoceros conservation and protection produced by top South African-listed companies in order to assess the current state of “extinction accounting”. Following this analysis, the authors explore and discuss a potential framework for extinction accounting which may be used by companies to demonstrate their accountability for species and disclose the ways in which they are working alone, and in partnerships, to prevent species extinction.
Findings
Corporate disclosures relating to rhinoceros may be interpreted as emancipatory. The authors identify several disclosure themes dealing with rhinoceros in integrated and sustainability reports of large South African companies and on their websites. Contrary to initial expectations, there is evidence to suggest corporate awareness of the importance of addressing the risk of this species becoming extinct.
Research limitations/implications
The authors have relied on public corporate disclosures and would like to extend the work further to include interview data for a further paper.
Practical implications
An extinction accounting framework may be applied to corporate accounting and accountability for any species under threat of extinction. The framework may also be considered for use as a tool for institutional investors as well as NGO engagement and dialogue with stakeholder companies.
Social implications
The rhinoceros has, from the analysis, significant cultural, heritage, eco-tourism and intrinsic value. Developing and implementing an emancipatory extinction accounting framework to prevent extinction will have a substantial social and environmental impact.
Originality/value
This is the first attempt to the knowledge to explore accounting for extinction and a possible extinction accounting framework. It is also the first attempt to investigate accounting and accountability for the rhinoceros.
Narrative work is a critical aspect of producing complex stakeholder engagement processes. I demonstrate the value of attending to the effort and consequences of enactment forms of narrative work to ...complement attention to talk forms of narrative work. Through ethnographic analysis of a contentious planning effort, I show how master narratives structure expectations about what a “participatory process” involves, how narrative logics provide momentum for moving through an engagement process, and how storytelling represents perspectives, imagines futures, and persuades. I suggest prompts for investigating, designing, and troubleshooting narrative work to improve engagement processes.
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