This study reports and experimentally demonstrates a programmable on-chip photonic processor towards different RF receiver configurations. The Si 3 N 4 processor is built by interconnecting ...independent subunits such as simple and complex Mach-Zehnder interferometers and Ring resonators. The design, fabrication, and characterization of a dedicated chip are described. As a proof of concept, it can be used as a reconfigurable filter with distinct frequency response. More importantly, a thorough RF receiver related passive processor including out-of-band suppression, carrier-sideband routing, channelization filtering, as well as I-Q mixing prior to an optical detection stage. This is effective proof of a programmable integrated processor encompassing most passive filtering and routing subunits for broadband photonic RF receiver.
We here introduce an extension and natural generalization of both the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> \kappa</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math ...notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula> shadowed and the classical Beckmann fading models: the Fluctuating Beckmann (FB) fading model. This new model considers the clustering of multipath waves on which the line-of-sight (LoS) components randomly fluctuate, together with the effect of in-phase/quadrature power imbalance in the LoS and non-LoS components. Thus, it unifies a variety of important fading distributions as the one-sided Gaussian, Rayleigh, Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">m</tex-math></inline-formula>, Rician, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\kappa </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\eta</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\eta </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\kappa</tex-math></inline-formula>, Beckmann, Rician shadowed, and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\kappa</tex-math></inline-formula>- <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula> shadowed distribution. The chief probability functions of the FB fading model, namely probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and moment generating function are derived. The second-order statistics such as the level crossing rate and the average fade duration are also analyzed. These results can be used to derive some performance metrics of interest of wireless communication systems operating over FB fading channels
A pilot-scale simultaneous removal of NOW and SO x , as a nonthermal plasma and chemical hybrid process (PCHP), is carried out on combustion exhaust gas in a glass manufacturing system. The PCHP is ...implemented in an actual semi-dry-type exhaust gas treatment system. The exhaust gas (12 700 m 3 N/h) is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and contains both NO x (160 ppm) and SOW (150 ppm). In PCHP, NO is oxidized to water-soluble NO 2 through a plasma process using ozone. Na 2 SO 3 is then produced as a byproduct in a desulfurizing process using a solution of NaOH. The generated NO 2 is then reduced to N 2 and Na 2 SO 4 using an Na 2 SO 3 solution, followed by the dried Na 2 SO 4 particles being removed in a semi-dry reactor by a dry-type electrostatic precipitator. Our findings show the molar ratio of NO to the injected ozone to be more than 0.75. NO and SOW removal efficiencies of 28% and 63% are obtained. Further, the paper discusses de-NO x by the use of a bag filter (BF) for the injection of the NaHCO 3 at the BF inlet. Due to the effect of ozone and NaHCO 3 , NO x removal efficiency is increased by up to 45%. Our results show that higher de-NO x and de-SO x efficiencies are obtained by maintaining a local exhaust gas temperature of less than 150 °C. Through this experiment, it is confirmed that this simultaneous treatment of NO x and SO x using semi-dry-type PCHP is highly effective and promising for exhaust gas treatment in glass manufacturing.
The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq3-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-ary <inline-formula><tex-math ...notation="LaTeX">n</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq4-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-cube <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q_{n}^{k}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq5-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> is one of the most important interconnection networks for building network-on-chips, data center networks, and parallel computing systems owing to its desirable properties. Since edge faults grow rapidly and the path structure plays a vital role in large-scale networks for parallel computing, fault-tolerant path embedding and its related problems have attracted extensive attention in the literature. However, the existing path embedding approaches usually only focus on the theoretical proofs and produce an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">n</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq6-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-related linear fault tolerance since they are based on the traditional fault model, which allows all faults to be adjacent to the same node. In this paper, we design an efficient fault-tolerant Hamiltonian path embedding algorithm for enhancing the fault-tolerant capacity of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq7-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-ary <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">n</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq8-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-cubes. To facilitate the algorithm, we first introduce a new conditional fault model, named Partitioned Edge Fault model (PEF model). Based on this model, for the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq9-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-ary <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">n</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq10-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>-cube <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q_{n}^{k}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq11-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">n\geq 2</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq12-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> and odd <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">k\geq 3</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq13-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>, we explore the existence of a Hamiltonian path in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q_{n}^{k}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq14-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> with large-scale edge faults. Then we give an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">O(N)</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq15-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> algorithm, named HP-PEF, to embed the Hamiltonian path into <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q_{n}^{k}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq16-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> under the PEF model, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">N</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq17-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula> is the number of nodes in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">Q_{n}^{k}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq18-3264698.gif"/> </inline-formula>. The performance analysis of HP-PEF shows the average path length of adjacent node pairs in the Hamiltonian path constructed by HP-PEF. We also make comparisons to show that our result of edge fault tolerance has exponentially improved other known results. We further experimentally show that HP-PEF can support the dynamic degradation of average success rate of constructing Hamiltonian paths when increasing faulty edges exceed the fault tolerance.
Ga 2 O 3 power diodes with high voltage/current ratings, superior dynamic performance, robust reliability, and potentially easy-to-implement are a vital milestone on the Ga 2 O 3 power electronics ...roadmap. In this letter, a better tradeoff between fast reverse-recovery and rugged surge-current capability has been demonstrated in NiO/Ga 2 O 3 p-n heterojunction diodes (HJDs). With the double-layered p-NiO design, the HJD exhibits superior electrostatic performances, including a high breakdown voltage of 1.37 kV, a forward current of 12.0 A with a low on-state resistance of 0.26 Ω, yielding a static Baliga's figure of merit (FOM) of 0.72 GW/cm 2 . Meanwhile, the fast switching performance has been observed with a short reverse recovery time in nanosecond timescale (11 ns) under extreme switching conditions of d i /d t up to 500 A/μs . In particular, for a 9-mm 2 HJD, a large surge current of 45 A has also been obtained in a 10-ms surge transient, thanks to the conductivity modulation effect. These results are comparable with those of the advanced commercial SiC SBDs and have significantly outperformed the past reported Ga 2 O 3 HJDs, fulfilling the enormous potential of Ga 2 O 3 in power applications.
We report on high power, single-frequency operation of a compact Tm:Y 2 O 3 ceramic laser in 2 μm spectral region employing a volume Bragg grating in a simple linear resonator to serve simultaneously ...as a resonator mirror and mode selector. The home developed laser quality Tm:Y 2 O 3 ceramic sample has a Tm doped concentration of 2 at.% and pumped with a fiber coupled 793 nm laser diode. Up to 1.5 W of CW single frequency output power at 2014.9 nm has been generated, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 37.9% with respect to absorbed pump power. M 2 factor of the output beam was measured to be ∼1.03.
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