We study divide-and-conquer recurrences of the formf(n)=αf(⌊n2⌋)+βf(⌈n2⌉)+g(n)(n⩾2), with g(n) and f(1) given, where α,β⩾0 with α+β>0; such recurrences appear often in the analysis of computer ...algorithms, numeration systems, combinatorial sequences, and related areas. We show under an optimum (iff) condition on g(n) that the solution f always satisfies a simple identityf(n)=nlog2(α+β)P(log2n)−Q(n), where P is a periodic function and Q(n) is of a smaller order than the dominant term. This form is thus not only an identity but also an asymptotic expansion. Explicit forms for the continuity of the periodic function P are provided, together with a few other smoothness properties. We show how our results can be easily applied to many dozens of concrete examples collected from the literature, and how they can be extended in various directions. Our method of proof is surprisingly simple and elementary, but leads to the strongest types of results for all examples to which our theory applies.
This article is devoted to the new construction of 2-uninorms in terms of additive generators. We first construct 2-uninorms in terms of additive generators, which are further used for inducing ...uninorms, nullnorms, uni-nullnorms and null-uninorms, respectively. We then investigate the continuities (resp. the left-continuities) of additive generators and of 2-uninorms. We finally prove that if a 2-uninorm has an additive generator, then the 2-uninorm is left-continuous (resp. right-continuous) if and only if it has a left-continuous (resp. right-continuous) additive generator. We also provide some examples for illustrating the new constructing methods of 2-uninorms.
Continuity of operations for government is an evolving philosophy, much like exercises and after-action reports. Continuity continues to identify areas for growth and improvement as more people ...become involved in the conversation. This paper briefly describes the evolution of continuity in the USA and its application in the State of Texas. Moving forward, it discusses the application of the concept of 'whole community continuity' as the driving force of the Continuity Council in Texas, which focuses on preparedness at all levels, from individuals to private industry, to all levels of government.
In this paper, we will introduce a topological game to show that every separately continuous function f:X×Y→Z, where X is a β-unfavorable space for our game and Z is a regular space, is strongly ...quasi-continuous at each point of X×{y} provided that y is a q-point. We also show that the set of points of subcontinuity of quasi-continuous mappings from a Baire space X into a regular game determined space Y contains a dense Gδ subset of X. Our results generalize some theorems in Bouziad (1996) 6 and Kenderov et al. (2001) 18.
China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing ...chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations. System challenges include: the suboptimal education and training of primary health-care practitioners, a fee-for-service payment system that incentivises testing and treatments over prevention, fragmentation of clinical care and public health service, and insufficient continuity of care throughout the entire health-care system. The following recommendations merit consideration: (1) enhancement of the quality of training for primary health-care physicians, (2) establishment of performance accountability to incentivise high-quality and high-value care; (3) integration of clinical care with the basic public health services, and (4) strengthening of the coordination between primary health-care institutions and hospitals. Additionally, China should consider modernising its primary health-care system through the establishment of a learning health system built on digital data and innovative technologies.
Pakistan, being a developing country, presents the dismal picture of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The majority of maternal and neonatal deaths could be avoided if Continuum of Care ...(CoC) is provided in a structured pathway from pregnancy to birth and to the first week of life of the newborn child. This study aimed to analyse the trends of CoC at all three levels (antenatal care, skilled delivery and postpartum care) and to identify various factors affecting the continuation in receiving CoC in Pakistan during 2006 to 2012.
Secondary data analysis was performed on nationally representative data from the last two iterations of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), conducted during 2006/07 to 2012/13. The analysis is limited to women of the reproductive age group (15-49 years) who gave birth during the last five years preceding both surveys. This leads to a sample size of 5,724 and 7,461 respondents from PDHS 2006/07 and 2012/13 respectively. The association between CoC and several factors, including individual attributes (reproductive status), family influences, community context, as well as cultural and social values was assessed in bivariate analyses in a first step. Furthermore, odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using a binary and multivariable logistic regression were calculated.
Our research presents the trends of a composite measure of CoC including antenatal care, delivery assistance and postpartum care. The largest gap in CoC was observed at antenatal care followed by delivery and postnatal care within 48 h after delivery. Results show that CoC completion rate has increased from 15% to 27% amongst women in Pakistan over time from 2006 to 2012. Women with high age at first birth, having less number of children, with higher education, belonging to richest quintile, living in Sindh province and urban areas, having high autonomy and exposure to mass media were most likely to avail complete CoC.
The findings show that women in Pakistan still lack the CoC. This calls for attention to develop and implement tailored interventions, focusing on the needs of women in Pakistan to provide CoC in an integrated manner, involving both public and private sectors by appropriately addressing the factors hindering CoC completion rates.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We propose an isogeometric approach for flexoelectricity in soft dielectric materials at finite deformations accounting for Maxwell stresses on the surface between two different media. In contrast to ...piezoelectricity where there is a linear dependence between mechanical strain and electric polarization, in flexoelectricity the polarization is related to strain gradients which requires a C1 continuous finite element framework. In electro-mechanical materials, the Maxwell stress emerges as a consequence of the coupling effect between electrostatics and mechanics. If a solid body is embedded in a surrounding medium such as air or vacuum, the Maxwell stress acting on the surfaces governs the interaction between electric fields and deformable media. This is quite difficult to handle due to the surface discontinuity and the traction electrical forces still have to satisfy some certain continuity conditions, hence an appropriate numerical framework is required for the treatment. Here, we employed Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS) functions with knot insertion technique in order to introduce discontinuities across material interfaces while still maintaining C1 continuity in the domain to evaluate the coupling effect of strain gradient and electric polarization in the regime of finite deformation. The accuracy and robustness of our IGA approach for flexoelectric soft materials are demonstrated in some benchmark numerical examples.
This paper is devoted to studying the continuity of the solution map for the Cauchy problem of the Whitham equation. First, the continuity dependence of solution is established in ...B2,rs$\mathrm{B}^{s}_{2,r}$ in the sense of Hadamard. Next, by constructing approximate solutions, we show that the data‐to‐solution map is not uniformly continuous in Besov spaces B2,rs$\mathrm{B}^{s}_{2,r}$ (s>32,1≤r≤∞$s>\frac{3}{2}, 1\le r\le \infty$) on the periodic case and on the line. The crucial technical tool used to prove this result is Lemma 5.1, which generalizes the result of Lemma 3 in 23.
The purpose of the paper is to formulate Choquet integral representation theorems for a monotone functional on a collection of functions in such a way that the representing measures are ...simultaneously inner and outer continuous on appropriate collections of sets such as open, closed, compact, and measurable. This type of theorem is referred to as the continuous Choquet integral representation theorem and will be discussed in a setting general enough for practical use. The benefits of our results are as follows:(i)the representing measures are simultaneously inner and outer continuous,(ii)the collections of sets for which the representing measures are inner and outer continuous are larger than those in previous studies,(iii)the regularity of the representing measures is also considered, and(iv)it is possible to handle not only σ-continuous but also τ-continuous functionals.
PDF
