The World Arachnida Catalog ( WAC, online at https://wac.nmbe.ch) is introduced as an amalgamation of the highly successful World Spider Catalog (WSC), the Pseudoscorpions of the World Catalog, and ...the Smaller Arachnid Order Catalogs. The new catalogs present all available taxonomic information on eight arachnid orders (Amblypygi, Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei, Palpigradi, Schizomida, Solifugae and Uropygi) in a single location and a standardized format, continuously updated by specialists, to members of the World Spider Catalog Association (WSCA). For the first time, the majority of taxonomic literature for Pseudoscorpiones and the smaller arachnid orders will be available in downloadable PDF format for members according to the Swiss copyright laws. Up-to-date counts of families, genera and species are given alongside the current taxonomy for each taxon. Now in a common place and presented in an almost unified format, the new catalog aims to become the primary repository of taxonomic information for the Arachnida and will hopefully stimulate arachnological research across all arachnid orders by removing boundaries imposed by literature accessibility, incompatibility of formats, or taxonomic jargon.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
: this article aims to answer the following questions: 1. Can generative artificial intelligence be a subject of copyright law? 2. What risks the unregulated use of generative artificial ...intelligence systems can cause? 3. What legal gaps should be filled in to minimize such risks?
Methods
: comparative legal analysis, sociological method, concrete sociological method, quantitative data analysis, qualitative data analysis, statistical analysis, case study, induction, deduction.
Results
: the authors identified several risks of the unregulated usage of generative artificial intelligence in the creative industry, among which are: violation of copyright and labor law, violation of consumers rights and the rise of public distrust in government. They suggest that a prompt development of new legal norms can minimize these risks. In conclusion, the article constants that states have already begun to realize that the negative impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry must not be ignored, hence the development of similar legal regulations in states with completely different regimes.
Scientific novelty
: the article provides a comprehensive study of the impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry from two perspectives: the perspective of law and the perspective of the industry. The empirical basis of it consists of two international surveys and an expert opinion of a representative of the industry. This approach allowed the authors to improve the objectivity of their research and to obtain results that can be used for finding a practical solution for the identified risks. The problem of the ongoing development and popularization of generative artificial intelligence systems goes beyond the question “who is the author?” therefore, it needs to be solved by introduction of other than the already existing mechanisms and regulations - this point of view is supported not only by the results of the surveys but also by the analysis of current lawsuits against developers of generative artificial intelligence systems.
Practical significance
: the obtained results can be used to fasten the development of universal legal rules, regulations, instruments and standards, the current lack of which poses a threat not only to human rights, but also to several sectors within the creative industry and beyond.
Copyright infringement is known as the use of copyrighted works without the permission of the creators, copyright holders or authors. It is a form of dishonesty and a violation of the authors' ...economic and exclusive rights. In general, copyright infringement activities have taken place in various ways such as theft, piracy, reuse and plagiarism among students pursuing degree programmes in higher education institutions in Sri Lanka. In this backdrop, this study aims to examine awareness of copyright infringement among students pursuing undergraduate degree programmes at state universities in Sri Lanka. The primary and secondary data have been used in the study. The primary data were collected by Self-Administered Questionnaires (SAQ) distributed to 356 of the selected participants. Selected students are continuing their education in 2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, including general and honours degree programmes. The samples were selected based on Random Sampling Method (RSM). All received questionnaires were analysed in a descriptive way with the help of SPSS (Version-26) and the results were presented by illustrating in the form of tables. According to the results, it was found that 58.1% of participants were not aware that copyright infringement as an academic dishonesty, as well as copyright law (Intellectual Property Act No.36 of 2003) which is enforced by Sri Lankan government in order to protect intellectual properties. 77.4% of the participants proved that copyright infringement is a kind of prohibited act in their own religion (Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism). Moreover, the main factors that lead to copyright infringement of study samples were a lack of awareness of copyright law (38%), the high cost of textbooks (64.6%), and the fear of having low greats in semester examinations (77.4%). The findings of present study would be important to stimulate academics, library personnel, university officials, and policymakers to think of ways to prevent the students from engaging in copyright infringements in future. Moreover, it is a firm belief of the researchers that findings of this study could be a remarkable starting point for future researchers.
As a result of globalization and technology breakthroughs, digital painting has become more popular in Indonesia and has enabled artists to display their work online. Still, art theft is a serious ...problem, especially for artists who contribute to the art industry.The purpose of this research is to find out the technological developments, impact, and legal protection against theft of digital painting cases against perpetrators of the art industry in Indonesia. Research methods are qualitative research with descriptive and analytical approaches. The conclusion of this study is that the dynamics of the art industry in Indonesia are heavily influenced by technological advances and the style of digital painting. The impact of the theft of digital painting works of art on perpetrators of the art industry in Indonesia is loss of recognition, financial losses, and violations of the law. The Legal protection to deal with theft of digital painting artworks against perpetrators of the art industry in Indonesia can be done in a variety of ways namely by registering Copyright by submitting an application for copyright registration, protection of Digital Painting, updating of legislative regulations leading to more detailed explanations relating to the artwork of Digital painting, and Legal awareness and education.
This article considers the dichotomy of originals and copies in the specific context of photographs of objects that recreate an existing work of art or a documentary photograph. The examples span the ...period from the mid-nineteenth century to contemporary photographic practices. The traditional legal regulation of such copies is unsatisfactory compared with more recent theoretical approaches, as those proposed here. These approaches encompass the two modes of photographic copies after recreated realities: they simultaneously preserve identities and create original alterations.
In hierdie artikel toon die outeur dat kreatiewe persone, soos mode-ontwerpers, as gevolg van die omvang van die uitsondering in artikel 15(3A) van die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1978, en die ...daaropvolgende geregtelike interpretasie daarvan, by gebrek aan geregistreerde ontwerpersbeskerming of 'n eis weens onregmatige mededinging, geen effektiewe beskerming geniet om die kopiering van hul skeppings te voorkom nie. Daar was 'n paar gevalle wat gepubliseer is, van beweerde kopiering van Suid-Afrikaanse ontwerpers. Die voorstelle dat sodanige optrede 'n skending van outeursreg daarstel, toon gebrek aan begrip van artikel 15(3A). Trouens, die gebrek aan begrip van artikel 15(3A) van die wet dui daarop dat daar onvoldoende waardering is vir die impak en implikasies daarvan, vir die sogenaamde modereg. Artikel 15(3A) poog om die sogenaamde ontwerp-kopiereg-koppelvlak te reguleer. In die afwesigheid van 'n bepaling soos artikel 15(3A), sal kopieregbeskerming na industriele artikels uitgebrei word deur die industriele ontwerpe, of prototipes, waarop die artikels gebaseer is, te beskerm. As gevolg van die omvang en duur van beskerming wek daardie tipe beskerming ernstige kommer oor die sosiale koste van kopiereg op hierdie gebied, veral met betrekking tot artikels soos onderdele. Dit sal lei tot die skep van monopolies ten opsigte van industriele artikels soos onderdele. Die bydrae bied 'n oorsig van die historiese ontwikkeling van die regulering van die ontwerp-kopiereg-koppelvlak, waarvan artikel 15(3A) die jongste voorbeeld is. Benewens 'n ontleding van die effek van artikel 15(3A), veral met betrekking tot die beskerming van mode, ondersoek die outeur in die artikel ook hoe die ontwerpkopiereg-koppelvlak in die Verenigde Koninkryk se Wet op Kopiereg, Ontwerpe en Patente van 1988 gereguleer word. Hoewel die wetgewer met artikel 15(3A) probeer om wesenlike bekommernisse aan te spreek, word deur die outeur aangevoer dat die bepaling te wyd is. Dit het tot gevolg dat skeppings wat wel een of ander vorm van beskerming verdien, nie die nodige beskerming kry nie, of selfs beskerming geweier word. Die situasie is onbevredigend en moet aangespreek word deur die skepping van 'n nuwe, outomatiese vorm van beskerming vir kreatiewe persone soos mode-ontwerpers. Hierdie beskerming behoort die vorm aan te neem van 'n ongeregistreerde ontwerpreg.
Non-fungible tokens Idelberger, Florian; Mezei, Péter
Internet policy review,
2022, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Blockchain-based NFTs (non-fungible tokens) are uniquely identifiable digital representations of physical or digital items. Usually, the tokens are indivisible into smaller units. NFTs represent ...structured metadata referring to physical or digital objects. The tokens act as separate identifier and are often not tied to the objects. Their proponents claim they further the interoperable commercialisation of digital or physical goods.
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