Having won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state ...itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ‘organized over-world’, the ‘state employing mafia methods’ and the ’adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework.The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules.
This book contrasts experiences of mainland China and Hong Kong to explore the pressing question of how governments can transform a culture of widespread corruption to one of clean government. ...Melanie Manion examines Hong Kong as the best example of the possibility of reform. Within a few years it achieved a spectacularly successful conversion to clean government. Mainland China illustrates the difficulty of reform. Despite more than two decades of anticorruption reform, corruption in China continues to spread essentially unabated. The book argues that where corruption is already commonplace, the context in which officials and ordinary citizens make choices to transact corruptly (or not) is crucially different from that in which corrupt practices are uncommon. A central feature of this difference is the role of beliefs about the prevalence of corruption and the reliability of government as an enforcer of rules ostensibly constraining official venality. Anticorruption reform in a setting of widespread corruption is a problem not only of reducing corrupt payoffs, but also of changing broadly shared expectations of venality. The book explores differences in institutional design choices about anticorruption agencies, appropriate incentive structures, and underlying constitutional designs that contribute to the disparate outcomes in Hong Kong and mainland China.
In this comparative, historical survey of three East-Asian democracies, Jong-sung You explores the correlation between inequality and corruption in the countries of South Korea, Taiwan and the ...Philippines. Drawing on a wealth of rich empirical research, he illustrates the ways in which economic inequality can undermine democratic accountability, thereby increasing the risk of clientelism and capture. Transcending the scope of corruption research beyond economic growth, this book surveys why some countries, like the Philippines, have failed to curb corruption and develop, whilst others such as South Korea and Taiwan have been more successful. Taking into account factors such as the success and failure of land reform, variations in social structure, and industrial policy, Jong-sung You provides a sound example of how comparative analysis can be employed to identify causal direction and mechanisms in political science.
A penetrating look into the unrecognized and unregulated links between autocratic regimes in Central Asia and centers of power and wealth throughout the West Weak, corrupt, and politically unstable, ...the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are dismissed as isolated and irrelevant to the outside world. But are they? This hard-hitting book argues that Central Asia is in reality a globalization leader with extensive involvement in economics, politics and security dynamics beyond its borders. Yet Central Asia's international activities are mostly hidden from view, with disturbing implications for world security. Based on years of research and involvement in the region, Alexander Cooley and John Heathershaw reveal how business networks, elite bank accounts, overseas courts, third-party brokers, and Western lawyers connect Central Asia's supposedly isolated leaders with global power centers. The authors also uncover widespread Western participation in money laundering, bribery, foreign lobbying by autocratic governments, and the exploiting of legal loopholes within Central Asia. Riveting and important, this book exposes the global connections of a troubled region that must no longer be ignored.
The Corruption Cure Rotberg, Robert I
2017, 2017., 20170424, 2017-05-22
eBook
Why leadership is key to ending political and corporate corruption globally
Corruption corrodes all facets of the world's political and corporate life, yet until now there was no one book that ...explained how best to battle it.The Corruption Cureprovides many of the required solutions and ranges widely across continents and diverse cultures-putting some thirty-five countries under an anticorruption microscope-to show exactly how to beat back the forces of sleaze and graft.
Robert Rotberg defines corruption theoretically and practically in its many forms, describes the available legal remedies, and examines how we know and measure corruption's presence. He looks at successful and unsuccessful attempts to employ anticorruption investigative commissions to combat political theft and venal behavior. He explores how the globe's least corrupt nations reached that exceptional goal. Another chapter discusses the role of civil society in limiting corruption. Expressed political will through determined leadership is a key factor in winning all of these battles. Rotberg analyzes the best-performing noncorrupt states to show how consummate leadership made a telling difference. He demonstrates precisely how determined leaders changed their wildly corrupt countries into paragons of virtue, and how leadership is making a significant difference in stimulating political anticorruption movements in places like India, Croatia, Honduras, and Lebanon. Rotberg looks at corporate corruption and how it can be checked, and also offers an innovative fourteen-step plan for nations that are ready to end corruption.
Curing rampant corruption globally requires strengthened political leadership and the willingness to remake national political cultures. Tougher laws and better prosecutions are not enough. This book enables us to rethink the problem completely-and solve it once and for all.
GÜÇ YOZLAŞMASI ÖLÇEĞİ NACAR, Davut; NANTO, Zülküf
Istanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,
12/2023, Letnik:
22, Številka:
48
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Toplumsal hayatın her aşamasında güç olgusundan bahsetmek mümkündür. Güç insanlara bir şeyi zorla yaptırabilme veya onları etkileyebilme yeteneğidir. Bundan dolayı insanlar farklı şekillerde gücü ...elde etme eğilimindedir. Yolsuzluk ise gücün karanlık yüzüdür. Gücün yozlaşması, kişisel kazanç sağlamak için gücü suiistimal eden bir kişiyi ifade eder. Gücün olası olumsuz etkileri, birçok organizasyonun yapısındaki değişiklikler ve gücü paylaşmanın potansiyel olumlu etkileri nedeniyle, gücün kullanımlarına ilişkin görüşler kısmen değişmektedir. Örgütler yönetici olarak dürüst kişileri atayabilir ve destekleyebilirler. Dürüst yöneticiler yozlaşmayla mücadelede güçlü bir yargı sistemine ihtiyaç duyabilirler.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı örgütlerde güç yozlaşmasının ortaya koyulmasında kullanılabilecek, geçerli ve güvenilir veri toplama aracının geliştirilmesidir.
Yöntem/Tasarım / Metodoloji / Yaklaşım: Araştırma ölçek geliştirme çalışması niteliğinde olup, var olan durumu sorgulayan, betimsel bir araştırmadır.
Bulgular: 30 maddelik soru havuzuna açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu 19 madde tek faktörlü örgütlerde güç yozlaşması ölçeği oluşturulmuştur.
Özgünlük: Ölçeğin uygulandığı hedef kitle ve analizlerle ilgili bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde örgütlerde güç yozlaşmasının belirlenmesinde geçerliği ve güvenilirliği yüksek bir araç olduğu söylenebilir.
It is possible to talk about the power phenomenon at every stage of social life. Power is the ability to force people to do something or influence them. Because of this, people tend to acquire power in different ways. Corruption is the dark side of power. Corruption of power refers to a person who abuses power for personal gain. Opinions about the uses of power vary in part because of the potential negative effects of power, changes in the structure of many organizations, and the potential positive effects of power-sharing. Organizations can appoint and support honest people as managers. Honest rulers may need a strong judicial system to combat corruption.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable data collection tool that can be used to determine power corruption in organizations.
Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is a scale development study and is a descriptive research questioning the current situation.
Findings: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 30-item pool of questions. As a result of the analyzes made, a 19-item power corruption scale in single-factor organizations was created.
Originality: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 30-item pool of questions. As a result of the analyzes made, a 19-item power corruption scale in single-factor organizations was created.
O texto aborda as reaçöes institucionāls ao combate à corrupçâo. De inicio, um breve histórico da corrupçâo no Brasil, identificando as causas remotas e diretas desse problema social, mormente em ...relaçào à quest o da impunidade. Na sequência será feita a análise da Operaçào Lava Jato e dos acontecimentos políticos que a impactaram, com enfoque ñas reaçöes contrarias a investigaçào. Como ensina Basu, o combate irrestrito a corrupçâo gera isolamento. Assim, as investigaçöes contra a corrupçâo se transformam numa dicotomia entre amigo e inimigo. O problema central é combater eficazmente a corrupçâo quando ausente a vontadé política real de enfrentar o problema. A justificativa do tema emerge de sua relevancia para compreender a tónica atual das relaçôes de poder no pais à luz da sociologia e da filosofia do direito. Para isso, será usado o método hipotético-dedutivo e o estudo de caso. Como referential teórico seräo usados textos de Basu, Carl Schmitt e Chantal Moufe. Conclui-se que, em gerai, em muitas sociedades a corrupçâo é tolerada como norma social e longas investigates inicialmente bem-sucedidas contra corrupçào político-institucional acabara era impunidade, isolamento e era fortes reaçöes do sistema político contra novas apuraçôes, inexistindo vontadé política real de combater esse crime.
An influential literature argues that corruption behaves as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Its central claim is that the individual returns to corruption are a function of the perceived corruptibility ...of the other members of society. Empirically, this implies that if one were to exogenously increase beliefs about societal levels of corruption, willingness to engage in corruption should also increase. We evaluate this implication by utilizing an information experiment embedded in a large-scale household survey recently conducted in the Gran Área Metropolitana of Costa Rica. Changes in beliefs about corruption were induced via the random assignment of an informational display depicting the increasing percentage of Costa Ricans who have personally witnessed an act of corruption. Consistent with the self-fulfilling prophecy hypothesis, we find that internalizing the information from the display on average increased the probability that a respondent would be willing to bribe a police officer by approximately .05 to .10.
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