The fiber yield and quality of cotton are greatly and periodically affected by water deficit. However, the molecular mechanism of the water deficit response in cotton fiber cells has not been fully ...elucidated.
In this study, water deficit caused a significant reduction in fiber length, strength, and elongation rate but a dramatic increase in micronaire value. To explore genome-wide transcriptional changes, fibers from cotton plants subjected to water deficit (WD) and normal irrigation (NI) during fiber development were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Analysis showed that 3427 mRNAs and 1021 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from fibers were differentially expressed between WD and NI plants. The maximum number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DERs) was identified in fibers at the secondary cell wall biosynthesis stage, suggesting that this is a critical period in response to water deficit. Twelve genes in cotton fiber were differentially and persistently expressed at ≥ five time points, suggesting that these genes are involved in both fiber development and the water-deficit response and could potentially be used in breeding to improve cotton resistance to drought stress. A total of 540 DEGs were predicted to be potentially regulated by DERs by analysis of coexpression and genomic colocation, accounting for approximately 15.76% of all DEGs. Four DERs, potentially acting as target mimics for microRNAs (miRNAs), indirectly regulated their corresponding DEGs in response to water deficit.
This work provides a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of fiber cells and a set of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs implicated in the cotton response to water deficit, significantly affecting fiber quality during the fiber development stage.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Phenology is one of the prominent indicators for studying the impact of climate change on crop production. Based on cotton phenology and meteorological data from 79 agricultural weather stations in ...China between 1981 and 2017, the Pearson correlation, multi-variate linear regression and path analysis are applied to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of cotton phenological indices and climate variables (precipitation (Pre), sunshine duration (Sun), average (Tave), minimum (Tmin) and maximum temperatures (Tmax), influence degrees of Pre, Sun, and Tave on phenology, and isolated effects of climate change and crop management on cotton phenology. The results showed that: (1) Emergence (Eme), squaring (Squ), flowering (Flo), and boll opening (Bol) dates of cotton advanced by 0.026–0.351 days year−1, respectively. The cotton sowing (Sow) and maturity (Mat) dates were delayed by 0.170 and 0.337 days year−1. The average phenological stages from Sow-Eme, Squ-Flo, and Flo-Bol were shortened about 0.19–0.30 days year−1, Eme-Squ, Bol-Mat and the Sow-Mat were delayed by 0.11, 0.77, and 0.082 days year−1, respectively. (2) Pre had a positive effect on most of the lengths phenological stages of cotton except during Bol-Mat. The effect of Sun on the length of the various phenological stages of cotton was the opposite of that of Pre. Tave, Tmin, and Tmax on the general negative effects on the length of the cotton phenological stages. (3) Pre, Sun, and Tave had different influence degrees on the cotton phenological stages because of different regional climate characteristics. (4) The impact of climate change on cotton phenology was weaker than crop management or combined effects of climate change and crop management. Under the combined impacts, and isolated impact of crop management, the lengths of the stages from Sow-Eme and Squ-Flo were shortened while other phenological stages were extended. The isolated impact of climate change shortened the lengths of stages from Sow-Eme, Eme-Squ, and Flo-Bol, extended Squ-Flo, Bol-Mat, and Sow-Mat, implying that the longer-duration cotton varieties in a changing climate might be a better choice for planting. This could be a viable strategy for adapting to climate change. In addition, the study found that Seed cotton yield (Scy) decreased with the delay of Sow, Eme, Squ, Flo and Bol dates, increased with the increase of the lengths of Sow-Eme, Flo-Bol, Bol-Mat and Sow-Mat. And the change trend of Scy affected by climate change was less than that affected by crop management or combined effects.
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•The fabrication of a cotton-based water disinfection filter was proposed.•Ag NPs-C/CS has excellent bactericidal efficiency against B. subtilis and E. coil.•The filtration rate and ...the silver release can be manipulated with chitosan coating.•Ag NPs-C/CS was successfully applied to natural water disinfection.
In this study, chitosan (CS) coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded cotton fabric (Ag NPs-C/CS) was prepared by in-situ thermal reduction of AgNO3 followed by a subsequent coating of porous CS membrane. The introduction of the CS membrane could prevent the excessive release of Ag into the treated water and allow more substantial Ag NPs loading, thereby significantly improving the bactericidal efficiency and stability. With 1.5 wt% of CS, the bactericidal efficiency against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of the functional material achieved 3.0 and 4.0 log reduction, respectively. Additionally, Ag NPs-C/CS was successfully applied for natural water disinfection, with silver content under 50 µg/L in the processed water.
The cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber is a unique elongated cell that is useful for investigating cell differentiation. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of factors such as sugar ...metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and hormones, which are commonly known to be involved in plant cell development, while the secondary metabolites have been less regarded. By mining public data and comparing analyses of fiber from two cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense), we found that the flavonoid metabolism is active in early fiber cell development. Different flavonoids exhibited distinct effects on fiber development during ovule culture; among them, naringenin (NAR) could significantly retard fiber development. NAR is a substrate of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and silencing the F3H gene significantly increased the NAR content of fiber cells. Fiber development was suppressed following F3H silencing, but the overexpression of F3H caused no obvious effects. Significant retardation of fiber growth was observed after the introduction of the F3H-RNA interference segment into the high-flavonoid brown fiber G. hirsutum T586 line by cross. A greater accumulation of NAR as well as much shorter fibers were also observed in the BC1 generation plants. These results suggest that NAR is negatively associated with fiber development and that the metabolism mediated by F3H is important in fiber development, thus highlighting that flavonoid metabolism represents a novel pathway with the potential for cotton fiber improvement.
The synthesis of multi-function flame retardants is widely increasing to fulfill industrial and economic goals. In this work, a novel flame retardant, melamine salt of tannic phosphate (MTP) was ...prepared and characterized. MTP was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and used as a coating for cotton fabrics. In addition, tannic acid (TA) and melamine phosphate (MP) were mixed with PVA solution and applied as a coating for cotton fabrics. Vertical and horizontal flammability tests showed that the flame did not propagate in samples treated with PVA/MTP. In contrast, samples treated with PVA/TA/MP burnt completely. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) data indicated that samples treated with PVA/30%MTP reached LOI value 68.4%, while the control sample had LOI value 17.1%. Smoke density results presented that PVA/MTP succeeded in reducing the maximum specific optical density (Ds
max
) of cotton fabrics. FTIR gas analyzer results manifested that the addition of PVA/MTP to cotton fabrics decreased the emission of CO, CO
2
, C
3
H
8
, C
2
H
6
, C
6
H
14
, and formaldehyde in the gas phase. Fractional effective dose (FED) and lethal toxic potency (LC
50
) showed that samples coated with PVA/MTP are less toxic than blank. In addition, these fabrics exhibited a remarkable antibacterial property against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Transcription factors operate as important switches of transcription networks, and NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors are a plant-specific family involved in multiple biological ...processes. However, this gene family has not been systematically characterized in cotton.
Here we identify a large number of genes with conservative NAC domains in four cotton species, with 147 found in Gossypium arboreum, 149 in G. raimondii, 267 in G. barbadense and 283 in G. hirsutum. Predicted membrane-bound NAC genes were also identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton NAC proteins clustered into seven subfamilies and homologous protein pairs showed similar characteristics. Evolutionary property analysis revealed that purifying selection of NAC genes occurred between diploid and polyploid cotton species, and variation analysis showed GhNAC genes may have been subjected to selection and domestication. NAC proteins showed extensive transactivation and this was dependent on the C-terminus. Some development and stress related cis-elements were enriched in the promoters of GhNAC genes. Comprehensive expression analysis indicated that 38 GhNAC genes were candidates for involvement in fiber development, and 120 in stress responses. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed relationships between fiber-associated NAC genes and secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis genes.
NAC genes were identified in diploid and tetraploid cotton, revealing new insights into their evolution, variation and homology relationships. Transcriptome analysis and co-expression network indicated roles for GhNAC genes in cotton fiber development and stress response, and NAC genes may prove useful in molecular breeding programmes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study demonstrated a de novo correlation among fiber quality genes in multiple RIL populations including sGK9708 × 0–153, LMY22 × LY343 and Lumianyan28 × Xinluzao24. The current study was ...conducted to identify the major common QTLs including fiber length and strength, and to identify the co-expression networks of fiber length and strength QTLs harbored genes to target the hub genes. The RNA-seq data of sGK9708 × 0–153 population highlighted 50 and 48 candidate genes of fiber length and fiber strength QTLs. A total of 29 and 21 hub genes were identified in fiber length and strength co-expression network modules. The absolute values of correlation coefficient close to 1 resulted highly positive correlation among hub genes. Results also suggested that the gene correlation significantly influence the gene expression at different fiber development stages. These results might provide useful reference for further experiments in multiple RIL populations and suggest potential candidate genes for functional studies in cotton.
•Multiple RIL populations of cotton revealed the existence of common major QTLs for fiber quality traits.•Chromosome A07 in multiple RIL populations harbored important hub genes for fiber length and strength traits.•The co-expression network modules suggested a significant influence of hub genes in different fiber development stages.
Cotton fiber is a model system for studying plant cell development. At present, the functions of many transcription factors in cotton fiber development have been elucidated, however, the roles of ...auxin response factor (ARF) genes in cotton fiber development need be further explored.
Here, we identify auxin response factor (ARF) genes in three cotton species: the tetraploid upland cotton G. hirsutum, which has 73 ARF genes, and its putative extent parental diploids G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which have 36 and 35 ARFs, respectively. Ka and Ks analyses revealed that in G. hirsutum ARF genes have undergone asymmetric evolution in the two subgenomes. The cotton ARFs can be classified into four phylogenetic clades and are actively expressed in young tissues. We demonstrate that GhARF2b, a homolog of the Arabidopsis AtARF2, was preferentially expressed in developing ovules and fibers. Overexpression of GhARF2b by a fiber specific promoter inhibited fiber cell elongation but promoted initiation and, conversely, its downregulation by RNAi resulted in fewer but longer fiber. We show that GhARF2b directly interacts with GhHOX3 and represses the transcriptional activity of GhHOX3 on target genes.
Our results uncover an important role of the ARF factor in modulating cotton fiber development at the early stage.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Improving the yield and fiber quality of upland cotton is a goal of plant breeders. However, increasing the yield and quality of cotton fibers is becoming more urgent. While the growing human ...population needs more cotton fiber, climate change is reducing the amount of land on which cotton can be planted, or making it difficult to ensure that water and other resources will be available in optimal quantities. The most logical means of improving yield and quality is understanding and manipulating the genes involved. Here, we used comparative transcriptomics to explore differences in gene expression between long- and short-fiber cotton lines to identify candidate genes useful for cotton improvement.
Light and electron microscopy revealed that the initial fiber density was significantly greater in our short-fiber group (SFG) than in our long-fiber group (LFG). Compared with the SFG fibers, the LFG fibers were longer at all developmental stages. Comparison of the LFG and SFG transcriptomes revealed a total of 3538 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Notably, at all three developmental stages examined, two expression patterns, consistently downregulated (profile 0) and consistently upregulated (profile 7), were identified, and both were significantly enriched in the SFG and LFG. Twenty-two DEGs known to be involved in fiber initiation were detected in profile 0, while 31 DEGs involved in fiber elongation were detected in profile 7. Functional annotation suggested that these DEGs, which included ERF1, TUA2, TUB1, and PER64, affect fiber elongation by participating in the ethylene response, microtubule synthesis, and/or the peroxidase (POD) catalytic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the RNA sequencing results for select genes.
A comparison of SFG and LFG transcription profiles revealed modest but important differences in gene expression between the groups. Notably, our results confirm those of previous studies suggesting that genes involved in ethylene, tubulin, and POD pathways play important roles in fiber development. The 22 consistently downregulated DEGs involved in fiber initiation and the 31 consistently upregulated genes involved in fiber elongation are seemingly good candidate genes for improving fiber initiation and elongation in cotton.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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