The structural properties of the cotton fiber play a significant role to deliver the best product to the consumer. In view of this, we attempted to obtain the structural properties of varieties of ...cotton fiber which are cultivated in three different countries. The Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) data of these fibers are incorporated into a non-linear curve fitting program called Peakfit for the accurate peak analysis and conclusive findings of peaks. These data were again employed to Checkcell to identify unit cell parameters. The Debye Scherrer formula is used to compute the crystallite size. The shape of the Ordered Region has been obtained by transformation from cartesian to polar coordinates. These shapes show a multidimensional topography and strongly depend on the environment where the cotton is cultivated. The idea of this shape of ordered region is essentially required for many textile and biomedical industry applications.
In this paper, we proposed to prepare a spiropyran (SP)-based photochromic cotton fabric with high tri-stimulus response by thiol-ene click chemistry, which has excellent photochromic properties, ...good durability, and can quickly return to its original state under three different stimulations. The SP target monomer with ene group in the side chain was synthesized, and the cotton fabric was subjected to thiol modification by using 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. The SP molecule was grafted to the modified cotton fabric by covalent bonding, therefore effectively enhanced its durability in practical daily use. The results of FTIR, NMR, Raman and UV spectra confirmed the chemical composition. SEM images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping spectra verified the grafting between this SP-based dye and modified cotton fabrics. The test data of color characteristic values indicated that the fabric undergoes significant color changes with fast photochromic response, high fatigue resistance, and maintains impressive reusability after experiencing 20 reversible cycles. The photochromic mechanism of cotton fabrics was attributed to the cleavage of C–O bond in the molecular structure of SP under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In addition, the properties related to practical applications including washing fastness and UV resistance have also been studied, proving its great potential in wearable and flexible textile-based sensors.
The cellulose-based materials are new types of advanced materials combining pristine cellulose with functional materials for specific applications. In this study, a novel cotton fiber (CF)–covalent ...organic framework (COF) hybrid monolith was prepared for the efficient capture of iodine in vapor and solution. The cotton fibers were first modified with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane via silylation reaction to generate amino functions on the surface of the fibers, and then the COFs grafted subsequently. The obtained CF/COF hybrid monolith has been characterized by infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, and then it was used as adsorbent for removing iodine. The grafting of COFs on the cotton fiber matrix was calculated to be about 12.28 wt%, which increased the BET specific surface area of the cotton fiber from 1.9 to 166 m
2
/g. The CF/COF monolith displayed excellent capture ability for iodine vapor with adsorption capacity up to 823.9 mg/g, and it also showed remarkable adsorption ability for iodine in cyclohexane solution. The hybrid monolith can be easily regenerated by washing with methanol, and it showed good reusability. Moreover, the CF/COF monolith presented good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature above 300 °C. This strategy for combining COFs with cotton fibers will pave the way for the development of novel efficient adsorption materials for radioiodine during nuclear waste disposal.
Graphic abstract
It is an urgent task to develop environmentally friendly and flame retardant durable oil–water separation materials. A green TA/B@PDA coating derived from bio‐based materials such as tannic acid ...(TA), borax (B), and polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on cotton fabric through facile dip‐coating method and step‐by‐step assembly method. A series of methods are used to characterize the as‐prepared cotton fabric. PDA provides a reactive interface, while n‐dodecyl mercaptan enhances the hydrophobicity of the surface with a water contact angle (WCA) and shedding angle (SA) of 153.3° ± 1.2° and 9° ± 0.8°, respectively. The as‐prepared fabric exhibits outstanding oil/water separation efficiency (>98.5%) for various types of oil, and wear resistivity, washability, and reusability. Meanwhile, combustion test and limit oxygen index (LOI) test show that the modified fabric has excellent flame retardant performance. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) indicates that compared with the pristine cotton fabric, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the TA/B@PDA cotton is decreased by 50% and 32%, respectively. Through the analysis of char residues, the flame retardant mechanism is studied. This method provides a general green way for the construction of superhydrophobic surfaces, and can be further applied to the broad fields of durable oil–water separation.
A green superhydrophobic and flame‐retardant (TA/B@PDA) coating derived from bio‐based materials such as tannic acid (TA), borax (B), and polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on cotton fabric through a facile dip‐coating method and step‐by‐step assembly method. The limit oxygen index (LOI) and water contact angle of the as‐prepared cotton is 28.5% and 153°, respectively. The fabric exhibits outstanding oil/water separation efficiency (>98.5%).
Eco-friendly, efficient fireproof cotton fabrics were prepared by a feasible chemical grafting of phytic acid (PA). The treated cotton fabrics (COTP) exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame ...resistance with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 42.5%. Compared with other fireproof cotton fabrics, COTP displayed outstanding washing durability, the LOI maintained at 28.3% after 50 laundering cycles. Vertical burning test and cone calorimetry demonstrated self-extinguishing behavior and significantly improved flame retardancy of COTP. The peak heat release rate and the total heat release of COTP3-90 was notably declined by 65.5 and 71.4%, respectively. Moreover, lower smoke production and release were found with reduction in total smoke production of 12.5% and total smoke rate of 18.8% compared with untreated cotton fabric. The improved flame retardancy of COTP was speculated that PA catalyzed cellulose dehydration and carbonization to facilitate the formation of residual char, reduce the release of flammable gases and heat/mass transfer.
A large quantity of waste cotton fabric (WCF) generated every year in the world is either incinerated or buried leading to pollution and resource wastes. Here, in order to develop a recycling avenue ...for WCF, a simple, easy-to-use, and portable sensor was designed for the colorimetric detection of toxic Cu
2+
in water and food. The sensor (WCF-CPZ) was prepared by coating the surface of WCF with the chromogenic copper chelator cuprizone (CPZ). The results showed that the naked-eye detection limit of the WCF-CPZ sensor for Cu
2+
in drinking water was 0.5 mg/L. With image analysis by a smartphone, the quantitative limit of detection of the WCF-CPZ sensor was improved to 0.13 mg/L, which is well below the maximum Cu
2+
concentration allowed by the World Health Organization in drinking water of 2.0 mg/L. The WCF-CPZ sensor was also successfully employed for the detection of Cu
2+
in lake water and milk samples with an accuracy of more than 92%. Moreover, the robust and sustainable WCF support could be stripped and reused multiple times for colorimetric assays without sensitivity losses.
Graphical abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has necessitated a global increase in the use of face masks to limit the airborne spread of the virus. The global demand for personal protective equipment ...has at times led to shortages of face masks for the public, therefore makeshift masks have become commonplace. The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a spherical particle size of ~97 nm. However, the airborne transmission of this virus requires the expulsion of droplets, typically ~0.6-500 µm in diameter (by coughing, sneezing, breathing, and talking). In this paper, we propose a face covering that has been designed to effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 whilst providing uncompromised comfort and breathability for the wearer. Herein, we describe a material approach that uses amorphous silica microspheres attached to cotton fibres to capture bioaerosols, including SARS CoV-2. This has been demonstrated for the capture of aerosolised proteins (cytochrome c, myoglobin, ubiquitin, bovine serum albumin) and aerosolised inactivated SARS CoV-2, showing average filtration efficiencies of ~93% with minimal impact on breathability.
Abstract Alphasatellites (family Alphasatellitidae) are circular, single-stranded (ss) DNA molecules of ~1350 nucleotide in size that have been characterized in both the Old and New Worlds. ...Alphasatellites have inherent ability to self-replicate, which is accomplished by a single protein, replication-associated protein (Rep). Although the precise function of alphasatellite is yet unknown, and these consider dispensable for infectivity, however, their Rep protein functions as a suppressor of host defence. While alphasatellites are most frequently associated with begomoviruses, particularly with monopartite than bipartite begomoviruses, they have recently been found associated with mastreviruses. The in planta maintenance of alphasatellites by helper geminivirus is still an enigma, with no available study on the topic. This study aimed to investigate whether a widely distributed bipartite begomovirus, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), can maintain cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMuA) in the presence or absence of cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The findings of this study demonstrated that ToLCNDV or its DNA A could maintain CLCuMuA in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. However, the presence of CLCuMuB interferes with the maintenance of CLCuMuA, and mutations in the CP of ToLCNDV further reduces it. Our study highlighted that the maintenance of alphasatellites is impaired in the presence of a betasatellite by ToLCNDV. Further investigation is needed to unravel all the interactions between a helper virus and an alphasatellites.
Resumo Alfassatélites (família Alphasatellitidae) são moléculas de DNA circulares de fita simples (ss) de ~1350 nucleotídeos de tamanho, que foram caracterizadas tanto no Velho como no Novo Mundo. Os alfassatélites têm capacidade inerente de autorreplicação, o que é realizado por uma única proteína, a proteína associada à replicação (Rep). Embora a função precisa dos alfassatélites ainda seja desconhecida, e estes sejam considerados dispensáveis para infectividade, entretanto, sua proteína Rep funciona como supressora da defesa do hospedeiro. Embora os alfassatélites sejam mais frequentemente associados a begomovírus, particularmente com begomovírus monopartidos do que bipartidos, eles foram encontrados recentemente associados a mastrevírus. A manutenção in planta de alfassatélites por helper geminivirus ainda é um enigma, sem estudos disponíveis sobre o tema. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se um begomovírus bipartido amplamente distribuído, o tomate leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), pode manter o alfassatélite Multan do enrolamento das folhas de algodão (CLCuMuA) na presença ou ausência do betassatélite Multan do enrolamento das folhas de algodão (CLCuMuB). Os achados deste estudo demonstraram que ToLCNDV ou seu DNA A poderia manter CL CuMuA em plantas de Nicotiana benthamiana. No entanto, a presença de CLCuMuB interfere na manutenção de CLCuMuA, e mutações no CP de ToLCNDV a reduzem ainda mais. Nosso estudo destacou que a manutenção de alfassatélites é prejudicada na presença de um betassatélite por ToLCNDV. Mais investigações são necessárias para desvendar todas as interações entre um vírus auxiliar e um alfassatélite.
In the Pakistani textile industry the prevalence of workplace respiratory illnesses, including byssinosis, is high. The MultiTex RCT study aims to determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted ...intervention package in reducing dust levels in cotton mills, decreasing the frequency of respiratory symptoms among cotton textile workers, and improving their lung function.
We will conduct a cluster-randomized controlled trial at 28 textile mills in Karachi. The intervention will comprise: training in occupational health for all workers and managers reinforced by regular refresher sessions; the formation of workplace committees to draw up, agree and promote a health and safety plan that includes wet mopping, safe disposal of cotton dust, and the use of simple face-masks, as well as further publicity about the risks from cotton dust; and provision of adequate supplies of face-masks to support the health and safety plan. Participating mills will be randomized to intervention and control arms following a baseline survey. The impact of the intervention will be determined through follow-up surveys conducted at 3, 12 and 18 months. Data collection in the surveys will include spirometry, questionnaire-based interviews and cotton-dust measurements.
If successful, the study may pave the way for simple, low-cost interventions that can help reduce cotton-dust levels in textile mills, and improve the respiratory health of textile workers in developing countries such as Pakistan.
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03738202. Registered on 12 November 2018.
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