In this work, catalytic efficiency of palladium niacin complex immobilized on starch-coated maghemite nanoparticles successfully exploited for homo- and cross-coupling reactions such as ...Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira-, and Ullmann coupling reactions. The solid catalyst characterized by different methods such as FT-IR, TGA, XPS, EDS and ICP-AES. TEM images revealed a nanosize structure for catalyst and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated its magnetic property. The reactions proceeded well in the absence of commonly used additives with high selectivity. Potential reusability of magnetically separable palladium catalyst and performing the reactions at environmentally conditions are notable features of the present methods making great potential for practical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Recently 3DPAFIPN has got potential importance in visible light photocatalysis, particularly in photoredox catalysis due to its stability and recyclability that emphasizes the efficacy of this ...photocatalyst in various synthetic protocols. 3DPAFIPN has shown promising activity in advancing sustainable and selective organic synthesis and utilization of 3DPAFIPN in visible light photocatalysis has demonstrated significant progress, offering a promising avenue for the development of environmentally friendly and efficient synthetic processes. The elucidation of various reaction mechanisms and the exploration of diverse chemical transformations highlight the multifaceted role of 3DPAFIPN in advancing the field of photoredox catalysis.
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•A strategy for coupling alkanes with O2 is proposed to significantly increase the yield of aromatics.•Catalysts used in coupling reactions exhibit superior anti-coking properties.•A ...proposed coupling reaction mechanism has been derived from the in situ FTIR results.
Transforming alkanes into value-added light aromatics represents an promising strategy for maximizing the utility of fossil feedstocks. However, achieving highly selective aromatization reactions remains a formidable challenge. This study advocates for an alkane-O2 coupling reaction strategy, which involves introducing a low-concentration O2 atmosphere into the reaction system to facilitate the upgrading of alkanes to value-added aromatics over HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The investigation revealed that the abundant acidic sites on the zeolite facilitated alkane activation and subsequent C–C and C–H bond cleavage. Incorporating O2 into the reaction generated oxygenated intermediates, significantly enhancing both the yield and selectivity of light aromatics compared to an inert atmosphere. Furthermore, the interaction of O2 with coke bolstered the catalyst’s resistance to coking. Moreover, based on the in-situ FTIR results, a plausible alkane-O2 coupling mechanism is proposed. These findings present a novel, effective, and environmentally benign approach for the highly selective aromatization of alkanes.
Catalysis in coupling reactions is a well-known topic in organic synthesis. The application of magnetically reusable nanocatalysts in cross-coupling reactions to form carbon-carbon and ...carbon-heteroatom bonds has emerged as an extremely general technology for the preparation of a broad spectrum of drugs, biologically active molecules and mimics natural products. In recent times, catalysis research has clearly experienced a renaissance in the area of utility of copper ferrite nanoparticles based on their ability to recovery and reusability. In recent times, the catalytic potential of copper ferrite nanocatalysts was evaluated in a number of coupling reactions. In this review, we focus on the application of magnetically recoverable copper ferrite nanocatalysts in these coupling reactions.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo2.2.2octane) based Cu(I) metal organic framework (here after represented as Cu(I)-MOF) catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of iodobenzene and phenylacetylene was ...conducted smoothly to afford diphenylacetylene in excellent yield under N2 atmosphere. For comparative study, piperidine based Cu(I) clusters were also investigated. Among these catalysts, Cu(I)-MOF exhibited higher activity with good selectivity for the C–C cross-coupled product. Cu(I) catalysts investigated in this study exhibited similar activity in the C–C homo-coupling reaction of phenylacetylene in O2 atmosphere. Application of these catalysts was extended in the C–N coupling reactions between phenylboronic acid and aromatic/aliphatic/heterocyclic amines. Cu(I)-MOF can be readily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused for several cycles without loss in the catalytic activity.
•An overview of the fast-developing research field of MOF-derived catalysis is presented.•Design and synthesis of highly active MOF-derived catalysts are introduced.•The relation between the ...structure of MOF-derived catalysts and their reactivity is well reviewed.•MOF-derived catalysis for oxidation, epoxidation, reduction, cross-coupling reactions are presented.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials receive growing attention for fine chemical synthesis due to their versatile tunability and high catalytic activity, further, the MOF-derived materials allow high controllability in the design of catalyst systems for organic reactions. This review provides an overview of this fast-developing research field and presents how catalysts can be designed, and synthesis conditions can be adjusted to obtain highly active MOF-derived catalysts. Although diverse reactions are carried out using MOFs and MOF-derived catalysts such as oxidations and reductions of various functional groups, coupling reactions, acid- and base-catalysis, the understanding of the structure–reactivity relation is a major issue which needs to be addressed for the future development of competent MOF-derived catalysts. Especially in terms of sustainable and energy-efficient processes, catalysts are desired to perform under mild reaction conditions with high selectivity and stability. The chemical composition and the structural properties, such as surface area, porosity, and the dispersion of metal species on the MOF-derived support can be modified according to the desired applications. Thus, MOF-derived materials offer a versatile platform for the synthesis of efficient catalysts in the production of fine chemicals and their intermediates. In this review, an overview of contributions in the progress of the applications of MOF-derived materials in the field of fine chemicals and selected key intermediates, are presented and discussed.
Heterogenized Pd NPs offer a complete kit to combine the merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis to facilitate the synthesis of complex organic frameworks. This review accentuates the ...significance of solid supported heterogenizedPd nanoparticlesin catalysing the three Nobel reactions i.e., Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
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•Heterogeneous supported Pd nanoparticles catalyzed Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions are reviewed.•The design and synthesis of supports for Pd nanoparticles is elaborated.•Rationale behind stability, efficiency, selectivity, and recyclability of supported Pd nano catalysts is deliberated.•Goal of attaining easier catalyst recovery, and recycling are highlighted as desirable attributes for industry.
The fine chemicals, materials, and pharmaceutical industries have been intrigued by the cross-coupling reactions wherein palladium (Pd) has traditionally garnered maximum attention as it catalyzes a variety of C–C cross-coupling reactions, particularly Sonogashira, Heck, and Suzuki reactions besides being employed for various other cross-coupling reactions, namely C–N, C–O, among others. Due to the expensive and rare nature of Pd, synthetic chemists have been forced to develop techniques that drastically reduce its amount deployed in catalytic processes, facilitating its recovery and reuse for multiple appliances and reducing the processing cost in industrial-scale processes. Pd nanoparticles (NPs), immobilized on nanostructured materials, afford catalytic systems that are far more superior to unsupported ones. Herein, three pioneering reactions, namely Heck, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions involving sustainable use of the Pd nanocatalysts adorned on various nanomaterial supports encompassing inorganic carbonaceous materials. The supports comprise silica and other metal oxide-based hybrid materials,biopolymers and other organic polymeric hybrids, and magnetic nanostructured-based entities. The concepts and reasoning underlying the improvement of stability, efficiency, substrate selectivity, reusability, reduced deactivation,sintering and leaching, better catalytic environment and support-nano catalyst synergy are explained through the management of composition, structure, surface area, porosity, pore volume, pore dimensions and surface functionalities etc. The article also details the rational design, synthetic strategies, and developments in the use of nanomaterials as support for immobilizing Pd nano catalysts and highlighting their need, importance and the key role played by them in heterogeneous catalysis. It is anticipated that this effort will not only help the organic, inorganic, and material chemists in designing competent heterogeneous catalysts for achieving a plethora of industrial processes but will also provide new model nano catalysts to fast-track the fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms.
•A novel hybrid composed of HNT, CDNS, and g-C3N4 is prepared and used for immobilization of Pd(0) NPs.•Cyclodextrin nanosponges could form inclusion complexes with substrates and accelerate the ...reaction by bringing the substrates in the vicinity of the catalytic active sites.•g-C3N4 could suppress the Pd leaching dramatically.•A synergistic effect between cyclodextrin nanosponges, and g-C3N4 is proved.•A novel methodology for ligand and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions in aqueous media is developed.
For the first time, a ternary hybrid system composed of halloysite nanotubes, HNTs, cyclodextrin nanosponges, CDNS, and g-C3N4 is prepared and used for immobilization of Pd(0) nanoparticles and development of a heterogeneous catalyst, Pd@HNTs-CDNS-g-C3N4 for promoting ligand and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions in aqueous media. HNT as a porous tubular clay with outstanding thermal, mechanical and textural properties can act as a support for immobilizing Pd nanoparticles. The role of CDNS can be explained on the base of its capability to form inclusion complexe with substrates and bringing them in the vicinity of the catalytic active sites. Regarding the role of g-C3N4 in catalysis, it is proved that its presence can suppress the Pd leaching dramatically. The contribution of each component as well as synergistic effect between them results in high catalytic activity and recyclability (up to 10 reaction runs) of the catalyst.
Doubling up: A chemo‐ and regioselective oxidative cross‐coupling between various N‐heteroarene‐containing arenes and heteroarenes has been carried out by rhodium‐ or ruthenium‐catalyzed twofold CH ...activation, to deliver an array of highly functionalized π‐conjugated systems.
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