Soils are a major source of global nitric oxide (NO) emissions. However, estimates of soil NO emissions have large uncertainties due to limited observations and multifactorial impacts. Here, we ...mapped global soil NO emissions, integrating 1356 in-situ NO observations from globally distributed sites with high-resolution climate, soil, and management practice data. We then calculated global and national total NO budgets and revealed the contributions of cropland, grassland, and forest to global soil NO emissions at the national level. The results showed that soil NO emissions were explained mainly by N input, water input and soil pH. Total above-soil NO emissions of the three vegetation cover types were 9.4 Tg N year
in 2014, including 5.9 Tg N year
(1.04, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 0.09-1.99 kg N ha
year
) emitted from forest, 1.7 Tg N year
(0.68, 95% CI: 0.10-1.26 kg N ha
year
) from grassland, and 1.8 Tg N year
(0.98, 95% CI: 0.42-1.53 kg N ha
year
) from cropland. Soil NO emissions in approximately 57% of 213 countries surveyed were dominated by forests. Our results provide updated inventories of global and national soil NO emissions based on robust data-driven models. These estimates are critical to guiding the mitigation of soil NO emissions and can be used in combination with biogeochemical models.
We consider the space Rg,S3S3 of curves with a connected S3-cover, proving that for any odd genus g≥13 this moduli is of general type. Furthermore we develop a set of tools that are essential in ...approaching the case of G-covers for any finite group G.
In this note, we characterize when the Vietoris space of compact subsets of a given space has the Hurewicz property in terms of a selection principle on the given space itself using k-covers and the ...notion of groupability introduced by Kočinac and Scheepers. We comment that the same technique establishes another equivalent condition to a space being Hurewicz in each of its finite powers. We end with some characterizations involving spaces of continuous functions and answer a question posed by Kočinac.
Hyperspectral and multispectral images (HS/MS) fusion and classification as an important branch of data quality improvement and interpretation, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. ...However, the unavailable sensor prior still limits the performance of many traditional fusion methods, consequently deteriorating the classification results. Despite the unsupervised methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) making a lot of attempts to mitigate the limitations, challenges with extracting the long-range dependencies hamper the performance. To address these impediments, a transformer-based baseline constructed by the cross-scale mixing attention (CSMFormer) is designed for HS/MS fusion and classification. Especially, the spatial-spectral mixer (SSMixer) is utilized to extract the long-range dependencies at large scale. Simultaneously, cross-scale feature calibration is achieved by combining information from the original scale. After that, nonlinear enhancement module (NLEM) is designed to encourage feature discrimination. Note that the spatial and spectral mixers can be replaced by any spatial-spectral feature extractors. Therefore, the proposed CSMFormer is flexible in data fusion, land-covers classification, segmentation, etc. Experiments about data fusion and land-covers classification on two HS/MS wetland remote sensing scenes demonstrate the superiority of the proposed CSMFormer baseline, improving the data quality and classification precision.
Generation and properties of snarks Brinkmann, Gunnar; Goedgebeur, Jan; Hägglund, Jonas ...
Journal of combinatorial theory. Series B,
07/2013, Letnik:
103, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
For many of the unsolved problems concerning cycles and matchings in graphs it is known that it is sufficient to prove them for snarks, the class of non-trivial 3-regular graphs which cannot be ...3-edge coloured.
In the first part of this paper we present a new algorithm for generating all non-isomorphic snarks of a given order. Our implementation of the new algorithm is 14 times faster than previous programs for generating snarks, and 29 times faster for generating weak snarks. Using this program we have generated all non-isomorphic snarks on n⩽36 vertices. Previously lists up to n=28 vertices have been published.
In the second part of the paper we analyze the sets of generated snarks with respect to a number of properties and conjectures. We find that some of the strongest versions of the cycle double cover conjecture hold for all snarks of these orders, as does Jaegerʼs Petersen colouring conjecture, which in turn implies that Fulkersonʼs conjecture has no small counterexamples. In contrast to these positive results we also find counterexamples to eight previously published conjectures concerning cycle coverings and the general cycle structure of cubic graphs.
The variety of fixed and mobile digital devices impacts the visual communication in media outlets, such as the typography of magazine covers in a virtual environment. The quality is also related to ...how the contents are presented, which key features are the readability and usability. This study encompasses the interaction between communication, digital typography and magazines. The purpose is to explore the digital typography environment and suggest criteria to control the quality of the typographic presence in digital platforms. The research is qualitative, descriptive, and analyzes the covers of Elle Brasil in digital environments through readability and usability categories. Based on the analyses, we have seen that the quality of the typography presence in digital environment must encompass the identity of the media outlet and the characteristics of the platform, maintaining the readability. The presence of usability in devices corrects eventual discomforts and makes reading a pleasant experience. Keywords: Visual Communication. Digital Typography. Elle Brasil Magazine. A variedade de dispositivos digitais fixos e moveis impacta na comunicacao visual presente em veiculos, como na tipografia das capas de revistas em ambiente virtual. A qualidade tambem esta ligada a forma de apresentacao dos conteudos, cujas caracteristicas essenciais sao a legibilidade e a usabilidade. Este estudo engloba a interacao entre comunicacao, tipografia digital e revistas. O objetivo e explorar o ambiente da tipografia digital e sugerir criterios para controle de qualidade da presenca tipografica nas plataformas digitais. A pesquisa e qualitativa, de cunho descritivo, e analisa as capas de Elle Brasil em ambientes digitais, por meio de categorias de legibilidade e usabilidade. Com base nas analises, verificamos que a qualidade da presenca tipografica em ambiente digital deve abranger a identidade do veiculo de comunicacao e as caracteristicas da plataforma, mantendo a legibilidade. A presenca da usabilidade nos equipamentos corrige eventuais desconfortos e torna a leitura satisfatoria. Palavras-chave: Comunicacao Visual. Tipografia Digital. Revista Elle Brasil. La variedad de dispositivos digitales fijos y moviles impacta la comunicacion visual presente en vehiculos, como la tipografia de las portadas de revistas en entorno virtual. La calidad tambien esta relacionada a la forma de presentacion de contenidos, cuyas caracteristicas esenciales son la legibilidad y la usabilidad. Este estudio incluye la interaccion entre comunicacion, tipografia digital y revistas. El objetivo es explorar el entorno de la tipografia digital y sugerir criterios para control de calidad de la presencia tipografica en plataformas digitales. La investigacion es cualitativa, descriptiva y analiza las portadas de Elle Brasil en entornos digitales, por medio de categorias de legibilidad y usabilidad. Con base en los analisis, hemos verificado que la calidad de la presencia tipografica en entorno digital debe cubrir la identidad del vehiculo de comunicacion y las caracteristicas de la plataforma, manteniendo la legibilidad. la presencia de la usabilidad en los equipos corrige eventuales incomodos y hace la lectura satisfactoria. Palabras claves: Comunicacion Visual. Tipografia Digital. Revista Elle Brasil.
The variety of fixed and mobile digital devices impacts the visual communication in media outlets, such as the typography of magazine covers in a virtual environment. The quality is also related to ...how the contents are presented, which key features are the readability and usability. This study encompasses the interaction between communication, digital typography and magazines. The purpose is to explore the digital typography environment and suggest criteria to control the quality of the typographic presence in digital platforms. The research is qualitative, descriptive, and analyzes the covers of Elle Brasil in digital environments through readability and usability categories. Based on the analyses, we have seen that the quality of the typography presence in digital environment must encompass the identity of the media outlet and the characteristics of the platform, maintaining the readability. The presence of usability in devices corrects eventual discomforts and makes reading a pleasant experience.
We study non-selfadjoint operator algebras that can be entirely understood via their finite-dimensional representations. In contrast with the elementary matricial description of finite-dimensional ...C⁎-algebras, in the non-selfadjoint setting we show that an additional level of flexibility must be allowed. Motivated by this peculiarity, we consider a natural non-selfadjoint notion of residual finite-dimensionality. We identify sufficient conditions for the tensor algebra of a C⁎-correspondence to enjoy this property. To clarify the connection with the usual self-adjoint notion, we investigate the residual finite-dimensionality of the minimal and maximal C⁎-covers associated to an operator algebra.
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