Creating equal living conditions in rural border regions poses a particular challenge for policy-makers and planners. In addition to demographic factors, national borders negatively affect the ...sustainability of services of general interest. However, overcoming border-related barriers also holds potential to compensate for gaps in service provision. It is therefore noteworthy that Bavarian federal state planning has designated so-called cross-border central places (GRZO) since 1994. Since the instrument is not legally binding abroad, its effectiveness appears to be limited. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent cross-border public services on the basis of cross-border central places are perceived as a potential by the population concerned. In order to discuss this, guided interviews were conducted with citizens in affected Bavarian municipalities on the Czech border and complemented by expert interviews. On the one hand, the results indicate a limited perception of cross-border public services as a relevant potential. On the other hand, they point to some concrete expectations of the cross-border central places designation that have not yet been fulfilled and at times reinforce a latent feeling of being left behind.
ABSTRACT
The literature on regional innovation systems has considerably enhanced our understanding of the critical role played by geographical proximity and local institutional conditions for the ...production of new knowledge and its economic exploitation. In most cases, however, both theoretical and empirical work has focused on regional innovation systems situated within a national context. Little research has been done so far on cross‐border regional innovation systems. The aim of this paper is to explore conceptually whether the theoretical approach of regional innovation systems can be applied to cross‐border settings. It investigates some critical conditions for the emergence of transfrontier innovation systems and concludes that cross‐border areas differ enormously regarding their capacity to develop an integrated innovation space.
The objective of this article is to investigate cross-border real economic convergence, defined as the process of reducing the asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the ...conditions of European (territorial) integration. The analysis applies the relative asymmetry index which compares the level of regional gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (purchasing power standards - PPS) of neighbouring border areas. Its results confirm the occurrence of σ-convergence (in the periods 1980-85, 1985-94 and 2004-15) and absolute cross-border β-convergence (in different subperiods in the period 1980-2015). The obtained results also suggest that cross-border convergence generally progresses slower than convergence at the international level.
Lundquist K.-J. and Trippl M. Distance, proximity and types of cross-border innovation systems: a conceptual analysis, Regional Studies. Due to a lack of both theoretical and systematic empirical ...work, innovation-driven integration processes in cross-border areas are still poorly understood. Departing from the regional innovation system (RIS) approach, recent work on different forms of proximity, and the literature on cross-border areas, this paper seeks to identify in a conceptual way different stages in the development of cross-border innovation systems and to highlight the main characteristics and barriers characterizing each phase. The conceptual model proposed in this paper can serve as a useful framework, guiding more systematic and comparative empirical work on cross-border innovation systems in different regional and national contexts.
Lundquist K.-J. and Trippl M. 距离、毗邻性以及跨界创新系统的类型：概念分析框架，区域研究。由于缺少理论以及系统性经验研究，人们对于跨界区域中由创新带动的整合过程仍然知之甚少。目前的研究集中于区域创新系统方法（RIS）、毗邻性的不同形式以及跨界区域，本文试图从理论层面明确跨界创新系统发展的不同阶段，强调不同阶段的主要特征以及障碍。本文提出的概念模型可作为有用的框架以指导在不同的区域以及国家背景下对跨界创新系统进行系统及比较性经验研究。
创新带动的整合 跨界区域 区域创新系统
Lundquist K.-J. et Trippl M. La distance, la proximité et les systèmes transfrontaliers d'innovation: une analyse conceptuelle, Regional Studies. À cause d'un manque de recherche empirique à la fois théorique et systématique, les processus d'intégration déterminés par l'innovation dans les zones transfrontalières sont toujours mal compris. S'éloignant de l'approche des systèmes régionaux d'innovation, de la recherche récente sur la proximité, et de la documentation sur les zones transfrontalières, cet article cherche à identifier de façon conceptuelle les différentes étapes du développement des systèmes transfrontaliers d'innovation et à souligner les principaux traits et barrières qui s'imposent à chaque étape. Le modèle conceptuel proposé peut servir de cadre, pilotant ainsi de la recherche empirique plus systématique et comparative sur les systèmes transfrontaliers d'innovation dans des contextes régionaux et nationaux différents.
Intégration déterminée par l'innovation Zones transfrontalières Systèmes régionaux d'innovation
Lundquist K.-J. und Trippl M. Entfernung, Nähe und Arten von grenzübergreifenden Innovationssystemen: eine konzeptuelle Analyse, Regional Studies. Wegen eines Mangels an theoretischen und systematischen empirischen Arbeiten herrscht noch immer ein mangelndes Verständnis von innovationsbedingten Integrationsprozessen in grenzübergreifenden Gebieten. In Abweichung vom Ansatz des regionalen Innovationssystems, den aktuellen Arbeiten über verschiedene Formen der Nähe und der Literatur über grenzübergreifende Gebiete werden in diesem Beitrag auf konzeptuelle Weise verschiedene Phasen in der Entwicklung von grenzübergreifenden Innovationssystemen identifiziert und die wichtigsten Merkmale und Hindernisse der einzelnen Phasen hervorgehoben. Das in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagene konzeptuelle Modell kann als nützlicher Rahmen und als Orientierung für systematischere und vergleichende empirische Arbeiten über grenzübergreifende Innovationssysteme in verschiedenen regionalen und nationalen Kontexten dienen.
Innovationsbedingte Integration Grenzübergreifende Gebiete Regionale Innovationssysteme
Lundquist K.-J. y Trippl M. Distancia, proximidad y tipos de sistemas de innovación transfronterizos: un análisis conceptual, Regional Studies. Debido a una falta de trabajo empírico, tanto teórico como sistemático, se siguen sin entender los procesos de integración impulsados por la innovación en zonas transfronterizas. A diferencia del concepto del sistema de innovación regional (SIR), del trabajo reciente sobre las diferentes formas de proximidad y de la bibliografía sobre zonas transfronterizas, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar de modo conceptual las diferentes fases en el desarrollo de sistemas de innovación transfronterizos y destacar las características y los obstáculos principales que caracterizan cada fase. El modelo conceptual propuesto en este artículo puede servir de estructura útil, guiando un trabajo empírico más sistemático y comparativo sobre los sistemas transfronterizos de innovación en diferentes contextos regionales y nacionales.
Integración impulsada por la innovación Zonas transfronterizas Sistemas de innovación regional
The article aims to characterise the phenomenon, determine the degree, and analyse the dynamics and directions of change in the level of asymmetry of economic development of cross-border areas in the ...European Union (EU) based on GDP per capita (PPP). It also aims to propose a typology of cross-border areas in the EU considering the above criteria. The obtained results show that despite a relatively evident reduction of the level of asymmetry of economic development in many cases in the period 1990-2015, and particularly after 2004, many cross-border areas show significant disparities in the economic sphere. Moreover, the dynamics of the observed transformations remain spatially differentiated.
Managing and controlling "land take" of agricultural and natural land for urbanisation is the target of European and national policies. Although this objective seems to be increasingly understood ...among the actors, the prioritisation of issues and the measures taken by governments to achieve it are very heterogeneous. The practices of local public and private actors do not necessarily follow the directions established at national level by the instruments. This paper examines the concrete forms, in France, of collective action in the field of spatial planning to limit land take, particularly in French cross-border areas that are experiencing strong urban growth. The survey is based on 60 semi-structured interviews with public actors involved in the spatial transformations of the cross-border regions around Geneva, Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai, Luxembourg and Strasbourg-Karlsruhe. The survey shows that collective action in spatial planning is very diverse in France, depending on the regions and municipalities concerned, even if the legal rules are the same. Local public actors play strategically with the rules and adapt them. Moreover, the organisation of collective action to limit land take is marked by interdependencies between regions, and in our case between neighbouring countries, which are often left unexamined in national planning policies and instruments.
Die Reduktion der Inanspruchnahme landwirtschaftlicher und naturbelassener Flächen für die Urbanisierung ist das Ziel europäischer und nationaler Politiken. Obwohl diese Zielvorgabe von den Akteuren anscheinend mehr und mehr verstanden wird, sind die Priorisierung der Themen und die von den Regierungen ergriffenen Maßnahmen zur Erreichung dieses Ziels sehr heterogen. Die Praktiken der lokalen öffentlichen und privaten Akteure folgen nicht unbedingt den auf nationaler Ebene durch die Instrumente vorgegebenen Richtungen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die konkreten Formen kollektiven Handelns in Frankreich im Bereich der Raumplanung zur Begrenzung des Flächenverbrauchs, insbesondere in den französischen Grenzgebieten, die ein starkes städtisches Wachstum verzeichnen. Die Untersuchung basiert auf 60 halbstrukturierten Interviews mit öffentlichen Akteuren, die an den räumlichen Transformationen der grenzüberschreitenden Regionen um Genf, Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai, Luxemburg und Straßburg-Karlsruhe beteiligt sind. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass das kollektive Handeln in der Raumplanung in Frankreich je nach Region und Gemeinde sehr unterschiedlich ist, auch wenn die gesetzlichen Vorschriften gleich sind. Die lokalen öffentlichen Akteure spielen strategisch mit den Regeln und passen sie an. Darüber hinaus ist die Organisation des kollektiven Handelns zur Begrenzung der Flächeninanspruchnahme durch Interdependenzen zwischen den Regionen und in unserem Fall zwischen den Nachbarländern gekennzeichnet, die in den nationalen Planungspolitiken und -instrumenten oft unberücksichtigt bleiben.
•The article relies on mobility biographies embedded in life-oriented approach.•Border differentials in real estate price justify cross-border relocation choices.•Relocation nourishes a cross-border ...suburbanization and higher car dependency.•Life satisfaction is higher after relocation despite increasing commuting times.
It is argued in the life-oriented approach that travel behavior affects life choice and vice versa with resulting impacts on quality of life (QOL). By deepening the analysis of interdependences between daily mobility and life event (relocation) and their relationships with QOL, this article focuses on two challenges. It aims at analyzing how these life events first, encourage travel behavior changes, especially mode choice, and second, improve or decrease people’s QOL. By radically changing living context and built environment, relocation also affects routine and satisfaction. These relationships are investigated in the Luxembourg cross-border area, where great differences related to real estate price encourage residential moves from Luxembourg to neighboring countries, while the general decline in public transport efficiency at the border may support car use. We use both mixed and ordered logit models. The first one investigates whether individuals’ life-stage changes and residential relocation are significant regarding their mode choice decision. The second estimates individuals’ global QOL and the roles of complementary factors (changing housing conditions, built environment, subjective satisfaction, travel time and socio-economic characteristics). The analysis reveals several results. The effect of the different factors is consistent with travel mode choice literature despite the specific cross-border context. Nevertheless, relocation, mainly oriented towards a cross-border suburbanization, significantly increases the probability of using the car for daily activities. These trips and especially the journeys to work are the least satisfactory aspects of daily life after relocation but does not affect the general level of QOL. At the opposite, the better housing conditions after relocation have positive effect on the QOL. From a policy perspective, this life-oriented approach in cross-border context confirms the influence of life events on QOL while it demonstrates a higher importance of housing conditions than spatial constraints on relocation and satisfaction.
Cross-border areas in Europe are promoted as places of integration, whose cooperation is encouraged by the Interreg programme and the European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) tool. For ...the 2021-2027 Cohesion Pack, the European Commission proposed the European Cross-Border Mechanism (ECBM), a regulation that would allow one member state to apply the law of a neighbouring member state to facilitate cross-border projects. This mechanism represents a paradigm shift, empowering border areas to manage their own integration (functional-horizontal) and institutionalise a policy pathway for resolving border-specific legal or administrative obstacles (institutional-vertical). This paper analyses the dynamics behind the ECBM proposal according to the multiple streams framework (MSF), revealing policy and politics streams' elements to explain agenda setting in EU policy processes. Methodologically, we apply a document analysis with qualitative content and cross-case analysis elements, and a combined strategy of deductive-inductive codes. This analysis is complemented and validated by expert interviews.
Although place branding in cross-border (c-b) areas is challenging, various c-b areas with common eco-natural and cultural characteristics are popular tourist brands in their own right. The emergence ...of c-b areas as destinations is not surprising since international borders are often natural formations, which may be popular tourist attractions. Due to historical and political circumstances, the Greek–Albanian c-b area has not experienced tourism development. It bears a weak image, and although individual destinations can be found in both border areas, they do not currently form a single place brand. Thus, place branding that aims to enhance the c-b area’s attractiveness should start with building a single identity by finding common competitive characteristics upon which it can be based. This paper analyzes part of the ‘Culture Plus’ project, which aims to identify significant common eco-natural and cultural resources in the Greek–Albanian c-b area. The resources were documented using local visits, interviews, and consultations. The most significant ones were comparatively evaluated to identify the vital common assets that can support place branding efforts, with encouraging results regarding the potential branding of the unique hidden identity of the c-b area.
Pour faciliter la gestion quotidienne d'un projet transfrontalier, la Commission européenne a formulé en 2018 une proposition de règlement « relatif à la création d'un mécanisme visant à lever les ...obstacles juridiques et administratifs dans un contexte transfrontalier » (« ECBM »). Ce règlement permet entre autres l'usage d'un droit unique dans la gestion d'un projet transfrontalier. Après avoir resitué cette proposition dans le contexte de l'intégration européenne et de l'objectif de cohésion territoriale, cette contribution s'appuie sur la géographie du droit pour montrer que cette proposition représente un changement de paradigme à deux titres. D'une part, elle agit en faveur d'une plus grande justice spatiale en établissant un mécanisme institutionnel permettant de lever les obstacles affectant spécifiquement les espaces frontaliers. D'autre part, elle impose aux droits nationaux d'étendre la portée spatiale de la norme nationale (i. e. extraterritorialité) et permet ainsi la construction d'une appropriation matérielle de l'espace transfrontalier. La proposition de règlement ECBM suggère donc que la réalisation de la territorialité européenne passe par une porosité accrue du territoire étatique dans les espaces frontaliers.
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