While criminality is digitizing, a theory-based understanding of the impact of cybercrime on victims is lacking. Therefore, this study addresses the psychological and financial impact of cybercrime ...on victims, applying the shattered assumptions theory (SAT) to predict that impact. A secondary analysis was performed on a representative data set of Dutch citizens (N = 33,702), exploring the psychological and financial impact for different groups of cybercrime victims. The results showed a higher negative impact on emotional well-being for victims of person-centered cybercrime, victims for whom the offender was an acquaintance, and victims whose financial loss was not compensated and a lower negative impact on emotional well-being for victims with a higher income. The study led to novel scientific insights and showed the applicability of the SAT for developing hypotheses about cybercrime victimization impact. In this study, most hypotheses had to be rejected, leading to the conclusion that more work has to be done to test the applicability of the SAT in the field of cybercrime. Furthermore, policy implications were identified considering the prioritization of and approach to specific cybercrimes, treatment of victims, and financial loss compensation.
This article aims to establish the particularities of cybercrime in Nigeria and whether these suggest problems with prevailing taxonomies of cybercrime. Nigeria is representative of the Sub-Saharan ...region, and an exemplary cultural context to illustrate the importance of incorporating social and contextual factors into cybercrime classifications. This paper anchors upon a basic principle of categorisation alongside motivational theories, to offer a tripartite conceptual framework for grouping cybercrime nexus. It argues that cybercrimes are motivated by three possible factors: socioeconomic, psychosocial and geopolitical. Whilst this contribution challenges the statistics relied on to inform the prevalence of cybercrime perpetrators across nations, it provides new ways of making sense of the voluminous variances of cybercrime. Concomitantly, it enables a clearer conceptualisation of cybercrime in Nigeria and elsewhere, because jurisdictional cultures and nuances apply online as they do offline.
From a legal standpoint, there are significant disparities in treating online offenses targeting individuals, organizations, and nation-states. These disparities arise due to influences that vary ...discreetly based on crucial factors such as the target, motive, or impact. This article draws upon the Information Technology Amendment Act (ITAA) of 2008 in India, analyses how these factors regulate online crimes, and thereby conducts a comprehensive analysis of current literature to differentiate cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism. The proposed framework includes a target-impact (intent) model to differentiate illicit online activities, complemented by a discussion on the actor-intent model, which emphasizes their treatment and implications within the legal context. The article explores the target-impact (intent) definition of cybercrime, highlighting its significance in capturing the cyber aspect and differentiating it from cyberattacks. Case studies are presented to illustrate these distinctions effectively. Furthermore, the article highlights variations in mitigation strategies, investigative protocols, punitive measures, and legal consequences corresponding to the identified classifications. Lastly, it incorporates insights from theoretical criminology and sociology, discusses how the proposed target-impact (intent) model aligns with the routine activity theory, and attempts to distinguish online crimes using the institutional theory.
Cybersecurity Managementlooks at the current state of cybercrime and explores how organizations can develop resources and capabilities to prepare themselves for the changing cybersecurity environment.
Cybercrime threatens the national security of different countries around the world. The growth of cyberattacks destabilizes the international order and disrupts the normal functioning of ...international relations. The purpose of the academic paper is to analyze the causes and economic consequences of the level of cybercrime in the world and to identify modern legal arrangements to combat cybercrime. In order to achieve the purpose outlined, the following methods have been used, namely: the method of comparison, analysis, element-theoretical method, method of generalization and analogy. It has been established that the level of cybercrime in the world and the economic consequences of its impact tend to increase. It is estimated that in 2020 the total cost of cybercrime and cybersecurity will exceed one trillion US dollars, which is more than 1% of world gross domestic product. The reasons have been determined why the number of cybercrimes are increasing (electronization and computerization of most industries, public sector; low level of operational cooperation; inconsistency of legal policy with the realities of cybercrime; development of cyber-attack mechanism; modernization of cybercrime; obstacles to international cooperation and so forth). The cause and effect interrelationship between the level of cybercrime, cybersecurity and legal methods of counteraction in different countries of the world has been proven. Three interrelated ways of the legal mechanism of counteraction to cybercrime have been offered, namely: the general, organizational and preventive ones. The expediency of international cooperation in the development of global strategies and other measures to combat cybercrime has been emphasized
Financial cybercrime in the metaverse has become increasingly more significant for authorities, corporations, and individuals to address, requiring new regulatory and compliance frameworks, as well ...as novel cybersecurity mechanisms in order to prevent these crimes. Financial cybercrimes in the metaverse have increased in the last years significantly, with either the massive stealing of cryptocurrencies from exchanges or the sale of fake or dubious NFT and other financial products that have lost significant value within a short period of time. Cybercrimes in the metaverse have taken place at significant scales and given the infancy of regulations as well as the virtual nature of these activities, only few crimes have been prosecuted. Islamic finance may represent a considerable opportunity for the metaverse via connecting the financial services and instruments to real and virtual assets free of speculation. The article provides several recommendations for regulators to address these cybercrime challenges and how Islamic finance can assist in these cybercrimes.
Do men and women perceive cybercrime types differently? This article draws on the distinction between socio‐economic and psychosocial cybercrime proposed by Lazarus (2019) to investigate whether men ...and women hold different perceptions of digital crimes across these two dimensions. Informed by the synergy between feminist theory and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF), our survey examined respondents’ differential perceptions of socio‐economic cybercrime (online fraud) and psychosocial cybercrime (cyberbullying, revenge porn, cyberstalking, online harassment) among men and women in the United Kingdom. The results revealed that women considered psychosocial cybercrime worse than men. Conversely, we found no differences between men and women with regard to socio‐economic cybercrime. The article concludes that psychosocial cybercrimes are more gendered than socio‐economic cybercrime, suggesting problems with the meaning of ‘cyber‐enabled crimes’, and substantiating the synergy between the TCF and feminist perspectives.
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