El fin del cyborg? María Julieta Massacese
Ideas (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires),
04/2023
14
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión sobre el Manifiesto para cyborgs, de Donna Haraway, en relación a sus problemas centrales y su vigencia. El Manifiesto ha sido, por lejos, el texto más ...influyente de Haraway. ¿A qué se debe este atractivo, a más de tres décadas de su publicación original? Para contestar esta pregunta nos proponemos: 1) Ofrecer una breve historia del cyborg y su rol en la Carrera Espacial, así como el contexto de escritura del Manifiesto (los años ochenta en EE.UU.). 2) Analizar los aportes del Manifiesto y presentar algunas de sus secciones menos revisitadas, en particular, en las que Haraway relee la historia del feminismo norteamericano y su obsesión con la identidad, y aquellas en las que realiza análisis respecto a los cambios en la ciencia, la tecnología y el mundo del trabajo. 3) Evaluar críticas y recepciones del texto, incluidas las de la misma Haraway a lo largo de los años.
The Ambiguity of Cyborg. Rethinking the Body and its Prostheses This paper proposes a critical reflection about the body’s status, starting from Donna Haraway’s theorization on cyborg. Human ...corporeality is conceived in its relationship with technology, with the aim of remarking the importance of this link in the evolution of our species. The cyborg image rises as a critic against the relations’ naturalization of domination and patriarchy, involved in the history of our culture and society. The Aristotelian distinction between free men and slaves, as a “natural” distinction among persons and technological tools, will be firstly analysed to deconstruct the classical idea of man. After a brief presentation of Haraway’s theory, her concept of cyborg as a hybrid of tools and living-body will be problematized by means of the perspective in philosophy of technology which proposes to rethink the status of technical organs. To sum up, this paper seeks to outline a not-reductionist theory of the body to generate a different comprehension of technological objects in continuity with the biological world.
Contextualização: Na pós-modernidade, é fundamental questionar se o aperfeiçoamento do corpo, com o auxílio da ciência e da tecnologia (por meio da biotecnologia, da nanotecnologia e ...neurotecnologia), seria um direito humano e da personalidade, sobretudo se o corpo com aplicações tecnológicas, o corpo proteico e o ciborgue poderiam receber proteção personalíssima, fundamentada na dignidade, conceito que tem por base ideais humanos.Objetivo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar técnicas como o biohacking e o ciborguismo como possibilidade de melhoramento humano à luz dos direitos da personalidade, especialmente sob o prisma da dignidade da pessoa humana.Metodologia: A pesquisa utilizou o método hipotético-dedutivo, fundamentado em pesquisa e revisão bibliográfica de obras, artigos de períodos, legislação e doutrina aplicável à temática do artigo.Resultados: O aperfeiçoamento do corpo com o auxílio da tecnologia é um direito humano e da personalidade, sobretudo diante de enfermidades e condições crônicas que causam dor e sofrimento e que podem ser evitadas com aplicações fundamentadas no corpo pós-humano, no corpo proteico e no ciborguismo, conceitos que também merecem proteção personalíssima. Contudo, é fundamental que esta discussão seja permeada pelas implicações bioéticas e jurídicas que envolvem práticas eugênicas e de discriminação e dominação, tendo em vista a possibilidade de coisificação do ser humano, de servibilidade do corpo e da mente humana diante da máquina.
This study examines the individual intention to use implant and wearable technologies as a function of demographics and personality characteristics. Inter-individually differing use intentions ...towards such disruptive and potentially high-impact innovations could further exacerbate social disparities. This cross-sectional non-experimental study (N = 586) examines participants' willingness to use cyborg products as a function of age, biological sex, and trait temporal focus. Multiple regression results reveal that higher levels of age reduced intention to use cyborg products and that women reported lower levels of use intention compared to males. Additionally, higher levels of present focus and higher levels of future focus increased intention to use cyborg products. Moderation results suggest that with increasing levels of past focus the negative effect of age increased. Even though present and future focus did not moderate the effects of sex and age both focuses can be used independently to promote use intentions. Among other suggestions we encourage the use of experimental approaches and interventions in future research to promote present and future focus for specific target groups to foster their cyborg technology use intentions.
This cross-disciplinary exploration delves into the multifaceted intersec-tions of technology, embodiment, identity, and ecology through the lens of cyborg knowing. The first contribution focuses on ...the vulnerabilities faced by individuals with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), emphasizing the crucial need for acclimatization strategies and agency in navigating their cybernetic embodiment as “everyday cyborg”. The second contribu-tion critically examines cultural technologies revealing their role in perpet-uating biases and advocates for interdisciplinary approaches, drawing on feminist STS and cyborg theory, to adaptively reshape societal constructs. Lastly, the third contribution envisions a comprehensive theory of cyber-zoa that extends the cyborg figuration to encompass nonhuman animals, fostering a post-anthropocentric perspective and an ecologically attuned examination of power relations, exploitation, and symmetrical relation-ships. By engaging with the concept of the cyborg, these contributions shed light on the complex dynamics and transformative potentials inher-ent in the realm of technology for both human and nonhuman lives
My Mother was a… Cyborg. New technologies and Hybrid Subjectivities This paper starts from the current querelle regarding the ethical and ontological status of techno-assemblages and embodied ...subjectivities. Critical aspects of New Technologies have been raised in a fertile debate from different perspectives, above all concerning the cutting-edge fields of life sciences and genetics. From this debate emerges how NT potentiality could act as a device to improve, enhance and exploit the embodied subject. Some of these critics lead to a dualistic understanding of the body, conceived as either natural or artificial. To overcome this dichotomy which polarize the debate, the hereby proposed essay assumes the notion of hybrid subjectivity as a category from which a deeper reflection may set off. Aiming at critically recognizing the multiple relations that the contemporary techno-hybrid subject experiences, the paper will examine different shades and declinations of the hybrid subjectivity, following the two categories of “uncanny” and “enhancement”. The argumentative process will therefore present two ongoing research lines addressing the topics of hybrid subjectivity, also known as the Cyborg: Feminist Critical Posthumanism and Transhumanism. It will be considered how these brunches of thought are respectively connected to A)a teratological idea of the Cyborg and B)an enhanced sight of the artificial hybridization and, consequently, how the two have a different conception of the subjectivity and of technology’s ontological status. The thesis is that the resulting difference could inform the debate on NT by considering the latter a contingence and not the only feature of today’s hybrid forms of life.
Der Beitrag von Elke Hackl entwickelt eine medienpädagogische Theorie der Überlappung von Mensch(en) und Maschine(n) und expliziert anhand der Figur des Cyborgs wie die Wissensbestände von u. a. ...Informatik und Pädagogik verbunden und in der konkreten Unterrichtspraxis verankert werden können. Dabei dient das bemerkenswerte und hier eingehend vorgestellte Projekt des „Human Cyborg Labs“ als empirische Basis zur Stützung der eingangs entwickelten theoretischen Überlegungen und Hypothesen. Im Fokus eines verständnisvollen und rationalen Zugangs zu den Zukunftsängsten und den Sorgen einer Generation von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, deren Expertisen in vielen Bereichen vernachlässigt scheinen, wird im medienpädagogischen Forschungsprojekt Human Cyborg Lab versucht, Möglichkeitsräume anzubieten, in denen Diskurse auf Grundlage der Theorie der zielorientierten Kommunikation stattfinden und deren Ergebnisse künstlerisch visualisiert werden.
En el artículo se aborda la emergencia de la juventud, su socialidad y la construcción subjetiva mediante una discusión teórica que busca develar ontológica y epistemológicamente la propuesta cyborg, ...la relación de un agenciamiento horizontal, entendiendo su proceso como orientado por la diversidad y por el sentimiento societal de ser en conjunto. A partir de explorar algunas experiencias, se plantea que los artefactos expresan la virtualidad en la relación entre lo críptico y lo expresivo de lo público, a partir de vincular y de construir espacios no conocidos, y de concretizar la hiperrealidad de las relaciones, sean estas en línea o fuera de línea en forma paralela.
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