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The number of individuals with mental disorders is increasing and they are commonly found among individuals who avoid social interaction and like to live alone. Amongst such mental ...health disorders is depression which is both common and serious. The present paper introduces a method to assess the depression level of an individual using a smartphone by monitoring their daily activities. The time domain characteristics from a smartphone acceleration sensor were used alongside a vector machine algorithm to classify physical activities. Additionally, the geographical location information was clustered using a smartphone GPS sensor to simplify movement patterns. A total of 12 features were extracted from individuals’ physical activity and movement patterns and were analyzed alongside their weekly depression scores using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Using a wrapper feature selection method, a subset of features was selected and applied to a linear regression model to estimate the depression score. The support vector machine algorithm was then used to classify the depression severity level among individuals (absence, moderate, severe) and had an accuracy of 87.2% in severe depression cases which outperformed other classification models including the k-nearest neighbor and artificial neural network. This method of identifying depression is a cost-effective solution for long-term use and can monitor individuals for depression without invading their personal space or creating other day-to-day disturbances.
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disabilities which significantly affect their quality of life (QOL) and mental health. Mood disorders and depressive symptoms are one of the most ...common psychiatric conditions in MS patients. This study aimed to evaluate the level of QOL in MS patients and to assess the influence of depressive symptoms and physical disability on QOL.
This prospective and observational study was conducted among 100 MS patients (mean age of 36.23 ± 11.77) recruited from the Lower Silesian Unit of the Polish Association for Multiple Sclerosis. This study used a questionnaire designed by the authors, which contained questions about sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as the following standardized questionnaires: the Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (ADL), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (IADL), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life Questionnaire (MusiQOL).
The average EDSS score among patients was 3.13 ± 2.38 points. More than half of the respondents (68%) suffered from depression of varying severity. The univariate linear regression models showed that the independent (
< 0.05) QOL predictors (total MusiQOL) were as follows: the number of complaints, IADL results, BDI results, EDSS score, higher education, and material status >2000 PLN. In addition, the multiple linear regression model showed that the BDI result was a significant predictor of QOL (
< 0.005).
Depressive symptoms significantly affect the QOL of MS patients.
Fitriyani N, Purba LHPS. 2023. Short Communication: Daily activities of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5278-5282. The Javan ...langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of the endemic primates of Java, Bali, and Lombok. The status of this species is vulnerable in their wild population; thus, the conservation effort is important to keep their existence. One of the conservation efforts is ex-situ conservation. Since this conservation is out of the animal's natural habitat, we must care about all aspects of animal welfare, including the physical and mental state, which can be observed from its behavior. This study aimed to analyze the daily activities of Javan langur living in an ex-situ conservation area named Gembira Loka Zoo. We observed and recorded the daily activity of seven individuals of Javan langur for about 250 hours, including holiday and non-holiday periods. This observation during holiday and non-holiday periods is intended to see whether there are differences in the behavior of Javan langur. The differences in number of visitors during the holiday period can reach thousands, whereas during the non-holiday period, there are only tens up to hundreds of loyal visitors per day. The result showed that the individuals spent most of their time on resting behavior (62.28% on holiday and 61.83% on non-holiday), followed by feeding (15.82% on holiday and 20.70% on non-holiday) and moving (12.01% on holiday and 12.64% on non-holiday). We analyzed the difference in their daily activities between holiday and non-holiday periods to observe the frequency of activity among those types of days. The Javan langurs showed a significant difference between those days only in social behavior (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.03). This study provides new behavioral data about the population of captive Javan langurs in Gembira Loka Zoo, which can be used as basic data for the conservation management of Javan langurs in captivity.
According to Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Stress and Coping Model, chronic pain is defined as a source of stress. The model emphasizes the interaction between the person and the environment ...and focuses on primary (pain severity and/or frequency) and secondary appraisals (pain and/or discomfort from pain) when examining the effects of a stressor on a person's life. In this study, chronic pain was defined as a type of stress and pain stress was measured in three different ways: unidimensional pain stress (primary appraisal only), multidimensional pain stress (sum of both primary and secondary appraisals), and transactional pain stress (product of both primary and secondary appraisals). The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between the three different pain stress measures and the outcome variables of pain-related disability, negative mood and daily activity level. The study was conducted with 167 individuals with different types of chronic pain. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Pain Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory and Life Changes Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. The results of the study showed that there were significant relationships between unidimensional pain stress and disability and negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.33; 0.36, respectively); multidimensional pain stress and disability and negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.51; 0.38, respectively); transactional pain stress and disability, negative mood (r(1,167) = 0.43; 0.37, respectively) and daily activity (r(1,167) = -0.24). The results indicate the significance of new measures in the assessment of pain experience.
Lazarus ve Folkman’ın Transaksiyonel Stres ve Başa Çıkma Modeli’ne göre kronik ağrı bir stres kaynağı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Model, kişi ve çevre arasındaki etkileşime vurgu yapmakta ve bir stres kaynağının kişinin yaşamındaki etkilerini incelerken birincil (ağrı şiddeti ve/veya sıklığı) ve ikincil değerlendirmelere ( ağrıdan duyulan acı ve/veya rahatsızlık) odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kronik ağrı, bir stres türü olarak tanımlanmış ve ağrı stresi üç farklı şekilde ölçülmüştür: tek boyutlu ağrı stresi (sadece birincil değerlendirme), çok boyutlu ağrı stresi (hem birincil hem ikincil değerlendirmelerin toplamı), transaksiyonel ağrı stresi (hem birincil hem ikincil değerlendirmelerin çarpımı). Çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı ağrı stresi ölçümü ile sonuç değişkenler olan ağrıya bağlı engellilik, olumsuz duygudurum ve günlük aktivite düzeyi arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışma farklı türlerden kronik ağrı yaşantısı olan 167 kişiyle yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçları olarak Sosyodemog-rafik Özellikler ve Ağrı Bilgi Formu, Görsel Analog Skalası, West Haven Yale Çok Boyutlu Ağrı Envanteri ve Ya-şam Değişimleri Anketi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarında tek boyutlu ağrı stresi ile engellilik ve olumsuz duygudurum (sırasıyla; r(1,167) = 0.33; 0.36); çok boyutlu ağrı stresi ile engellilik ve olumsuz duygudurum (sırasıyla; r(1,167) = 0.51; 0.38); transaksiyonel ağrı stresi ile engellilik, olumsuz duygudurum (sırasıyla; r(1,167) = 0.43; 0.37) ve günlük aktivite (r(1,167)=-0.24) arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkilerin olduğu görülmek-tedir. Sonuçlar, ağrı deneyiminin değerlendirilmesinde yeni ölçümlerin önemine işaret etmektedir.
to provide test-retest reliability for the TGlittre-P in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CFG) and healthy controls (HCG), to establish the minimal detectable change for time in ...TGlittre-P and comparing the performance in the TGlittre-P test between these populations.
A cross-sectional study evaluated 36 children and adolescents aged 6 to 13. Anthropometric and spirometric evaluation was performed, as well as, on the same day, two TGlittre-P tests with a 30-minute interval between them.
TGlittre-P time test-retest reliability was excellent for both groups (CFG: intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.849, p < 0.001 and HCG: ICC = 0.913, p < 0.001). As concerning absolute reliability, the time spent presented a small variability with a standard error of measurement of 8.4 s (s) to CFG and 5.3 s to HCG. The minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level (MDC95) was 23.2 s and 14.6 s, respectively. There was no difference between the groups regarding performance in the TGlittre-P test (CFG 179.1 s ± 25.7 s vs. HCG 174.7 s ± 22.3 s) p = 0.589.
The TGlittre-P is a reliable tool in children and adolescents with CF and healthy controls. The TGlittre-P appears not to be sensitive enough to discriminate a group of children and adolescents with mild cystic fibrosis from healthy counterparts.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
TGlittre-P is a multitasking test that has been used to assess the functional capacity of children and adolescents with chronic diseases.
TGlittre-P has excellent reliability in children and adolescents with and without CF.
TGlittre-P differences time greater than 12% could indicate changes in the functional capacity of children and adolescents with CF.
Other functional capacity tests may be preferred to detect continuous increases in functional capacity through rehabilitation or training, whether children and adolescents obtain performance values close to 100% of predicted.
Objetivo: describir las actividades de cuidados populares frente a situaciones emocionales en el núcleo familiar de las gestantes adolescentes hipertensas que consultaron a una institución prestadora ...de servicios de salud del municipio de Sincelejo (Sucre, Colombia) 2017-2018. Método: estudio cualitativo etnográfico, participaron 13 personas, a quienes se les aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad. Resultados: se originaron diversas actividades de cuidados populares relacionadas con la situación emocional (sentimientos de ira, tristeza, llanto, miedo, alegría, tranquilidad, preocupación y desesperación), tales como escuchar música, asistir a eventos religiosos y dialogar con familiares. Conclusiones: las actividades de cuidados populares que realizaron las gestantes adolescentes a partir de situaciones emocionales, les permitió alcanzar bienestar y satisfacción en su entorno cultural. Por lo tanto, es esencial conocer el cuidado popular para brindar atención de enfermería humanizada de manera dinámica, al ofrecer cuidados a nivel domiciliario y hospitalario.
La lectura, entendida como un valor educativo y cultural, constituye una herramienta para identificar, desarrollar y construir lectores desde las primeras etapas de la vida colaborando a su ...formación. La Actividad Física (AF) es también un valor que contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el tiempo de lectura de los niños durante el confinamiento en comparación con el que han dedicado a la AF, e indagar sobre su posible influencia en los diversos factores sociodemográficos, psicosociales y físico-deportivos. Las familias monoparentales fueron las que mostraron un mayor hábito de lectura (M=31.67±19.03) que, en este caso, se asoció con los progenitores que presentaron un nivel de estudio de licenciatura/grado (M=32.14±21.86). Las niñas (M=29.75±19.88) mostraron un hábito de lectura más elevado que los niños (M=26.88±21.64). Durante el periodo analizado, la lectura de los niños se asoció directamente con el uso de pantallas digitales (r= .121). Lo mismo ocurrió con la práctica de AF (r= .151). Sin embargo, el tiempo dedicado a dormir se relacionó negativamente con el tiempo invertido en la lectura (r= -.076). Se concluye que existe asociación entre el tiempo dedicado a la lectura de los niños/as y el tipo de familia, los niveles de práctica de AF y la zona de residencia.
PM2.5 pollution poses a serious health risk to residents. In recent years, individual exposure to PM2.5 in daily activities has received much attention, but the impact of different activities at ...different times and spaces on PM2.5-triggered individual health risks has been ignored. In this paper, the residents' activity diaries and the data on the spatial-temporal changes in urban PM2.5 concentration obtained through the land-use regression model (LUR) were coupled to dynamically evaluate and analyze the characteristics of Guangzhou residents' PM2.5 inhaled dose in 24 h during workdays. The study showed that the residents' PM2.5 inhaled dose in daily activities is about 940.2 ± 94.5 μg (95% CI). This can better reflect the individual differences than the exposure to PM2.5 in daily activities. For every increase of 1 μg/day in the exposure to PM2.5, the inhaled dose will increase by 1.5 μg/day. The obvious spatial-temporal characteristics of PM2.5 inhaled dose are closely related to people's daily activities. The inhaled dose is high during the day and low at night, and the individual differences in inhaled dose in the commuting and leisure period is significant but is small during the working and sleeping period; if the individual inhaled dose exceeds the population's average for accumulated 7 h in a day, the probability of a high risk of the all-day inhaled dose increases significantly. The inhaled dose at the workplace and residence as well as in light physical activities accounts for a large proportion of the total. However, although the inhaled dose on roads and in other places, and moderate physical activities account for only a small proportion, it has a great impact on the risk level of the individual total inhaled dose. Therefore, the characteristics of PM2.5 inhaled dose and the individual activity should be considered, to propose targeted policies and suggestions from the perspective of both the government and individuals to reduce the health risk caused by PM2.5 pollution.
•PM2.5 inhaled dose can better reflect individual differences than PM2.5 exposure.•Spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 inhaled dose related to activities rhythm.•More attention should be paid to the risk of PM2.5 in the workplace.•Policies formulation should consider PM2.5 inhaled dose and individual activity.
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