This research review shows how isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has affected
daily activities such as quality of sleep, physical activity, and work life. This review
exercise is developed to ...provide information that will help different professionals to
point out the psychological impact and possible changes presented in the daily
activities of people during confinement. Sleep hygiene and quality of sleep were
affected due to factors such as age – young, sex – female, history of mental illness,
insomnia, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, low back pain, and
stress.
To assess if a change in disease activity is associated with a change in work productivity loss (WPL) over 1 year in early axial SpA (axSpA) patients.
Baseline and 1 year data of axSpA patients in ...the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort were analysed. Linear regression models were built explaining the change in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) over time by the change in absenteeism, presenteeism, WPL and activity impairment over time. Effect modification and confounding were tested for age, gender, arm of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria, HLA-B27, duration of chronic back pain, profession and medication.
At baseline, in 105 axSpA patients (48% female, mean age 30.8 years, mean symptom duration 13.6 months, 92% HLA-B27 positive, 24% radiographic sacroiliitis), the mean ASDAS was 2.4 (s.d. 1.0), absenteeism 9% (s.d. 23), presenteeism 33% (s.d. 28), WPL 36% (s.d. 30) and activity impairment 37% (s.d. 25). After 1 year, the mean ASDAS decreased to 2.0 (s.d. 0.8) and absenteeism, presenteeism, WPL and activity impairment improved to 6% (s.d. 22), 26% (s.d. 26), 27% (s.d. 29) and 27% (s.d. 26), respectively. Models showed that if ASDAS decreased 1 unit, absenteeism, presenteeism, WPL and activity impairment improved by 5, 17, 16 and 18%, respectively. The impact of disease activity on work productivity was higher in patients with shorter symptom duration and the impact on absenteeism was higher in patients starting pharmacological treatment.
In early axSpA patients, work productivity and daily activities are seriously impacted at baseline and 1 year. However, decreasing disease activity is associated with marked improvements in work productivity and daily activities.
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare the differences in forearm muscle activities between two types of thumb orthoses and the optimal handle diameter when the orthosis is worn during a power ...grasp for individuals with chronic de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.
Methods: A 2 × 3 (Group × orthosis) and a 2 × 2 × 3 (Group × orthosis × diameter) repeated factorial design were used. Grip strength and muscle load were measured. A 2 × 3 mixed repeated measures ANOVA was conducted, and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for post hoc analysis. Cohen's d was used to calculate the effect size between groups and handle diameters.
Results: Grip strength was significantly lower (in long/short/no-orthosis conditions) and muscle load was higher in 12 participants with chronic de Quervain's Tenosynovitis than in 16 healthy participants (p < 0.001). No differences in muscle activities were found when the two different orthoses were worn. The muscle activities were higher during grasping of the 33 mm handle diameter.
Conclusion: Individuals with chronic de Quervain's Tenosynovitis require greater muscle loads than healthy controls to produce the same power grasp, and when one of the two orthoses is worn, the optimal handle diameters for performing a power grasp are relatively larger (45 and 55 mm).
Implications for Rehabilitation
Both the long and short thumb orthoses can be worn by individuals with de Quervain's Tenosynovitis during daily activities because wearing both orthoses requires the same exertion of muscle load.
When performing a power grasp, individuals with de Quervain's Tenosynovitis tend to exert greater muscle loads than healthy controls to produce the same power grasp.
We suggest that patients with de Quervain's Tenosynovitis use utensils with larger handle diameters, such as 45 mm and 55 mm.
Objective:
This study examined extracurricular and physical activity related to ADHD (diagnosis and symptoms) and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms.
Methods:
Participants were 302 ...adolescents (ages 12–14) with and without ADHD and primary caregivers. ADHD diagnosis was determined with parent interview. Questionnaires provided information on parent-reported demographic characteristics, ADHD symptoms, and extracurricular activity involvement; and adolescent-reported ADHD and CDS symptoms and indices of physical activity.
Results:
Although ADHD diagnosis and symptom dimensions were correlated with less extracurricular and physical activity involvement, CDS symptoms were most often independently associated with these outcomes. Females and adolescents from lower income homes also often had less involvement in extracurricular and physical activity.
Conclusions:
Findings point to the need for more research in this area, careful assessment of risk factors (i.e., CDS symptoms, economic burden), and interventions that address inactivity in adolescents with ADHD, including those that address inequity related to income and sex.
The daily impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on younger patients is often underappreciated. To assess this, we investigated the disease burden experienced by younger and older ...patients. A panel of questions was developed in conjunction with the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations and Boehringer Ingelheim. The online survey was conducted by Instar Research. Data were collected from eight countries in Europe, plus China, Japan and the United States. All patients were receiving COPD maintenance therapy. Patients were stratified by age (45-54, 55-64, ≥65 years). Data were analyzed from 1,375 patients from Europe (925), China (150), Japan (100) and the US (200); 365 were aged 45-54, 440 aged 55-64, and 570 aged ≥65 years. Mean age was 61.8 years; 771 (56%) were male. A significantly higher proportion of patients aged 45-54 years reported "poor" or "very poor" wellbeing (35% vs. 28%; p < 0.05) and "high impact" on 8 of the 11 daily activities and requirements for adjusting activities assessed (all p < 0.05), compared with patients aged ≥65 years. Significantly more patients aged 45-54 versus ≥65 years associated their COPD with feeling "anxious", "stressed", "sad", or "overwhelmed" (all p < 0.05). Younger patients with COPD reported a higher impact on their daily activities, wellbeing and requirement for adjusting their activities due to their symptoms than older patients. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing treatment for younger patients with COPD and suggest that clinicians should not overlook the burden of disease in these patients.
Objectives: To verify the frequency of functional independence among elderly people aged 80 or over and identify the factors associated with their functional independence.Methodology: Cross-sectional ...study with 174 elderly people aged 80 or over living in the urban area of Minas Gerais conducted from June 2017 to June 2018. Multistage cluster sampling was used for the selection of the population. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyzes were performed (p≤0.05).Results: Most participants were female individuals (67.8%), with five or more self-reported morbidities (62.6%), without symptoms of depression (74.7%) and 85.6% could perform basic activities of daily living independently. Functional independence in basic activities of daily living (ADL) was associated with lack of symptoms of depression (p = 0.046) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were associated with housing arrangement (p = 0.045).Conclusion:Identification of the factors associated with the functional independence of elderlyindividuals aged 80 years or over contributes to improve the planning of nursing care for these individuals, in order to reduce or delay their dependence.
Participation is essential to children's development and is a major focus of intervention. This study aimed to describe the participation patterns of children with ASD, in comparison to typically ...developing (TD) children.
70 preschoolers participated: 33 children with ASD, attending non-inclusive-education settings; and 37 TD children, attending mainstream educational settings. Two occupational therapists assessed their participation through structured observations in self-care activities, play, learning, and social participation areas; demographic and environmental questionnaires were also completed.
In the ASD group, frequency of participation was found to be significantly higher in ADL and learning than in other areas; level of performance was found to be significantly lower in social participation than in other areas. The TD group scored significantly higher than did the ASD group in most areas and scales. Initial findings tentatively showed that a structured educational environment for children with ASD may increase participation frequency.
The findings are consistent with recognized disabilities in play and social participation among children with ASD, and their limitations in participation, compared to their TD peers in most areas. Further studies are needed to evaluate additional psychometric properties of the different scales, and the impact of educational environments on participation.
•We need to assess the participation of children with ASD in educational environments.•Children with ASD scored lower in most occupational areas compared to their TD peers.•Structure levels of the educational environment may impact children's participation.
Anhedonia reflects a dysfunction in the reward system, which can be manifested in an inability to enjoy pleasurable situations (i.e., lack of positive emotions), but also by a lack of motivation to ...engage in pleasurable activities (i.e., lack of motivation). Little is known about the interrelations between positive emotions and motivation in daily life, and whether these associations are altered in anhedonic individuals. In the present study, we used a network approach to explore the reciprocal, lagged associations between positive emotions and motivation in anhedonic individuals (N = 66) and controls (N = 68). Participants (aged between 18 and 24 years) filled out momentary assessments of affect 3 times per day for 30 consecutive days. Our results showed that (a) anhedonic individuals and controls had similar moment-to-moment transfer of positive emotions; (b) in the anhedonic network feeling cheerful was the node with the highest outstrength, both within this group and compared with the control group; (c) feeling relaxed had the highest outstrength in the control network, and (d) anhedonic individuals had stronger pathways from positive emotions to motivation than controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that low levels of positive emotions lead to decreased motivation in the anhedonic group, which could instigate a negative spiral of low pleasure and low motivation. On a more positive note, we showed that cheerfulness had the highest outstrength in the network of anhedonic participants. Hence, interventions may focus on increasing cheerfulness in anhedonic individuals, as this will likely have the greatest impact on other positive emotions and motivations.
This research aims to find out and describe in detail about management of arabic language learning in Roudhotul Jannah Islamic Boarding School based on multiple intelligence Howard Gardner ...perspective. While this type of research is a case study because the researchers analyze and describe in detail about an institution. This study uses type of case study because the researchers emphasize a fact related to the management of multiple intelligence-based on learning in Howard Gardner perspective. The data collection techniques in this study are observation, interview and documentation. Daily activities include linguistic activities and deposit activities including in language intelligence or linguistic intelligence. Arabic language learning at the Roudhotul Jannah Islamic Boarding School includes four language skills, namely reading, writing, listening and speaking. Speaking skills are included in several intelligences, including linguistic intelligence, logical intelligence, and physical intelligence. Writing skills are included in carnal intelligence and linguistic intelligence. Meanwhile, listening skills are included in lingguistic intelligence, musical intelligence and interpersonal intelligence.
The aim of the current study was to investigate pathways of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis concerning the role of peer relations in the context of poor motor skills. First, we examined (1) the ...mediating role of peer problems in the association between motor performance in daily activities and internalizing problems as a main pathway of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. Furthermore, we explored the role of (2) children's popularity as a mediator and (3) best friendship quality as a moderator path of the effect of motor performance on both peer problems and internalizing problems. The non-clinical sample of the present study consisted of 189 children (48.6% females) aged 9-11 years (M
= 9.69, SD
= 0.46). Parents reported on their child's motor performance in daily activities by completing the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess peer problems as well as internalizing problems. The Self Description Questionnaire provided a measure of children's self-reported popularity. The Friendship Quality Questionnaire was used to investigate children's best friendship quality. Results of a structural equation model suggest that peer problems fully mediated the association between the motor performance in daily activities and both popularity and internalizing problems. However, no evidence for the mediating effect of popularity in the association between peer problems and internalizing problems was found. Further, best friendship quality had a non-significant moderating effect on the relation between peer problems and internalizing problems. The mediating role of peer problems highlights the importance of peer relations in the motor performance of daily activities. Schools and psychomotor interventions were suggested as practical implications to support children with poor motor performance in their relationship with their peers and to improve their motor performance in daily activities.
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