COVID-19 e mercado de trabalho no Brasil Gonçalves, Bárbara; Beltramelli Neto, Silvio
Revista de Direito da Faculdade Guanambi,
08/2022, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisa a compatibilidade das medidas legislativas emergenciais adotadas, entre março de 2020 e outubro de 2021, pelo Governo federal brasileiro e os preceitos da OIT para ...enfrentamento dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 no mercado de trabalho.
MÉTODO: A partir de uma abordagem dedutiva, operou-se uma análise comparativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, entre as principais mudanças impostas pela legislação brasileira adotada a propósito da crise sanitária e o preceituado pela OIT nos relatórios oficiais denominados “Observatório da OIT: A Covid-19 e o Mundo do Trabalho”.
RESULTADOS: Quanto ao enfrentamento dos impactos da pandemia no mercado de trabalho, sustenta-se que a legislação emergencial brasileira tomou direção oposta ao preceituado pela OIT, desnudando uma opção de aprofundamento de políticas neoliberais de redução ou flexibilização de direitos trabalhistas e da proteção social.
The current special issue of the Journal of Vocational Behavior focuses on an exploration of decent work in different national contexts. Specifically, the special issue consists of eight papers ...written by research teams from eight different countries. In each article, researchers developed a reliable instrument to assess decent work with clear evidence of validity within the particular cultural and national context. In addition to the quantitative analyses used to construct the scale and assess its validity, qualitative analyses revealed how individuals from those specific cultures conceptualize decent work. This collection of papers has considerable relevance in advancing research on how people experience and construct decent work in different cultural, economic, and social contexts.
The current study was aimed at understanding how social mobility relates to vocational outcomes. Drawing from Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), social mobility was operationalized as changes in ...experiences of economic constraints and marginalization between childhood and adulthood. We used latent profile analysis to create profiles among a sample of employed adults (N = 533) and compared profile membership to PWT informed outcomes: work volition, career adaptability, and decent work. The five profiles of social mobility that emerged were as follows: sustained privilege (low levels of marginalization and economic constraints during childhood and adulthood), downward mobility (low levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood, high levels in adulthood), upward mobility (high levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood, low levels in adulthood), highly marginalized (high levels of marginalization at both points), and sustained barriers (high levels of marginalization and economic constraints in childhood and adulthood). Participants who belonged to the sustained privilege and upward mobility groups experienced greater work volition and decent work compared to those in groups who experienced higher levels of economic constraints and marginalization throughout their lives. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Decent work is positioned as the centerpiece of the recently developed Psychology of Working Theory (PWT; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016). However, to date, no instrument exists which ...assesses all 5 components of decent work from a psychological perspective. In the current study, we developed the Decent Work Scale (DWS) and demonstrated several aspects of validity with 2 samples of working adults. In Study 1 (N = 275), a large pool of items were developed and exploratory factor analysis was conducted resulting in a final 15-item scale with 5 factors/subscales corresponding to the 5 components of decent work: (a) physically and interpersonally safe working conditions, (b) access to health care, (c) adequate compensation, (d) hours that allow for free time and rest, and (e) organizational values that complement family and social values. In Study 2 (N = 589), confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a 5-factor, bifactor model offered the strongest and most parsimonious fit to the data. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were tested demonstrating that the structure of the instrument did not differ across gender, income, social class, and majority/minority racial/ethnic groups. Finally, the overall scale score and 5 subscale scores correlated in the expected directions with similar constructs supporting convergent and discriminant evidence of validity, and subscale scores evidenced predictive validity in the prediction of job satisfaction, work meaning, and withdrawal intentions. The development of this scale provides a useful tool for researchers and practitioners seeking to assess the attainment of decent work among employed adults.
Public Significance Statement
This study describes the development of a self-report measure of decent work, entitled the Decent Work Scale (DWS), which was designed based on guidelines offered by the International Labor Organization (ILO). This measure will be useful for researchers, practitioners, and policy analysts who are interested in assessing the quality of work that people experience.
The purpose of this study was to adapt the Decent Work Scale (DWS; Duffy et al., 2017) and extend the research on the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) within ...the Swiss context. The results indicated that the Swiss French, German, and Italian versions of the DWS are valid measurements. We then tested PWT predictors and outcomes of decent work. Work volition fully mediated the negative link between unemployment, quantitative job insecurity and low education, and decent work. Perceived social class and qualitative job security predicted decent work with partial mediations through work volition. Work volition and decent work predicted job and life satisfaction. With the exception of age and social class, work volition or decent work fully mediated the relation between predictors and outcomes. Qualitative analyses on an open-ended question showed that the perceived components of decent work covered both the PWT dimensions of decent work and the needs that work is expected to satisfy. These findings highlight the pertinence of using the DWS and applying the PWT in Western and prosperous countries, such as Switzerland.
•The Swiss adaptation of the Decent Work Scale shows good psychometric properties.•DWS scores can be compared across gender and languages (French, German, Italian).•Age, social class, and qualitative job security predict decent work.•Work volition and decent work predict job and life satisfaction.•Perceived components of decent work confirm the pertinence of the PWT.
Recent research has explored profiles of decent work based on the Psychology of Working Theory. However, such investigations have rarely been attempted in Korea. This study applied latent profile ...analysis to discover decent work profiles and their relationships with antecedents and outcomes. Among 605 Korean workers, five distinct profiles emerged: indecent (7.9%), low safety and healthcare access (34.9%), average (38.1%), decent (13.7%), and value-dominant but low rest (5.4%). Higher subjective social status and work volition were associated with the decent work group, whereas women and individuals with less education were linked to work characterized by greater vulnerability. Furthermore, satisfaction with work needs, job, and life varied significantly across these profiles. The decent work group generally exhibited the highest satisfaction, whereas the indecent work group had the lowest. The low-safety and healthcare access work group tended to exhibit higher satisfaction levels than the indecent work group, but lower levels than the average work group. The v alue-dominant but low-rest work group exhibited life satisfaction comparable to the decent work group. The findings of this study highlight the distinctive characteristics of the working conditions in South Korea. Based on these results, we discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Supply chains are fundamental to whether decent work flourishes or not. Not only do supply chain dynamics shape employment practices and working conditions, but they also influence business models ...and capabilities which structure opportunities for decent work. As scholars and policymakers race to strengthen labor standards in supply chains and confront barriers to their effective implementation, management scholars can both benefit from and advance an understanding of the role of supply chains in giving rise to indecent work, especially the business practices commonly described as forced labor and modern slavery. To help realize this potential, this article draws from my research on the business of forced labor to emphasize three points. First, there are clear and discernible patterns with respect to the root causes of forced labor in supply chains. Second, forced labor in supply chains cannot be understood in isolation of broader dynamics of work and employment, since low‐waged workers tend to move in and out of conditions of forced labor in relatively short periods of time. Third, on‐the‐ground studies of the effectiveness of buyer‐centric governance programs reveal serious gaps between corporate social responsibility standards and business practices when it comes to indicators most relevant to forced labor. I conclude with a discussion of future directions in this research agenda and highlight the potential for business scholars to make a contribution.
This study extended research on Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) by examining the connection of decent work to work fulfillment and general well-being in 346 predominantly U.S. adult workers ...diagnosed with Chiari malformation (CM), a chronic health condition involving a structural malformation affecting the posterior region and base of the skull, and commonly presenting with chronic head and neck pain and related physical (e.g., fatigue) and psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) complications. Participants completed an online survey containing measures of PWT’s outcomes of decent work constructs as well as the domain-specific marginalization constructs of condition severity and workplace limitations. Results of structural equation modeling analyses supported 12 of 19 hypotheses. Decent work directly and positively predicted survival, social contribution, and self-determination needs; social contribution and self-determination needs directly and positively predicted work fulfillment; survival and self-determination needs directly and positively predicted general well-being; decent work indirectly (via social contribution and self-determination needs) and positively predicted work fulfillment and indirectly (via survival and self-determination needs) and positively predicted general well-being; and condition severity directly and negatively predicted general well-being. Consistent with PWT, attaining decent work contributes to meeting needs for survival, social contribution, and self-determination, which in turn contributes to greater work fulfillment and general well-being in workers with CM.
Labor issues and human rights violations have become the subject of rising concern in fisheries and seafood production. This paper reviews recent research on labor issues in the fishing industry, ...especially by environmental researchers and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) which are emerging as key players in research and policy arenas. Recent research has focused largely on severe violations such as forced labor, particularly in ‘hotspot’ geographies, often relying on indicators and risk-based approaches given the paucity of data and challenges of monitoring working conditions. This paper proposes that decent work – a concept associated with the institutional history of the International Labor Organization (ILO) but with broad implications – can contribute to overcoming gaps in the research landscape, and assessing and improving a range of labor issues in fisheries. The paper elaborates some key considerations for studying and promoting decent work in the seafood industry. Assessing and achieving decent work in the world’s fisheries requires (1) a holistic human rights approach to decent work, in which labor concerns are understood in the context of interrelated and interdependent sets of human rights, (2) consideration of the complex political-economic regimes and histories in which seafood production is embedded, and perhaps most importantly, (3) that workers play a central role and have a voice in defining and achieving decent work. The paper concludes with future directions for research and a discussion of promising and emerging policy pathways for promoting decent work in fisheries and seafood production.
•Attention is growing on labor issues in fisheries and seafood production.•Recent research focuses largely on severe abuses in hotspot geographies.•Focus is also on harvest stage of production and using indicators and risk-analysis.•Decent work is a holistic, comprehensive concept that can guide future work.•Multiple governance and policy pathways for promoting decent work are examined.
While decent work has emerged as the central theme of the psychology of work theory and a global concept and directive for promoting social, political, and economic justice, it has garnered ...increasing scientific and political attention in the past two decades. However, until now, no defined measurement scale for the pharmaceutical supply chain exists. The present study aims to design and validate key performance indicators (KPIs) for 'decent work' in the pharmaceutical industry supply chain of Iran, using the Decent Work Daffi Scale (2017) as a reliable framework with five sub-scales and 15 items, tested and validated. For the validation of the Decent Work Scale, a quantitative survey study was conducted among selected pharmaceutical industry experts with a sample size of 228 individuals in the year 2023. The current study adopted an exploratory factor analysis approach using SPSS software and a confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS version 24 software. In this context, the factor structure, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were examined. The results showed that the five-factor structure outperforms the one-factor model with evidence supporting the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the five-factor scale. Thus, the measurement of decent work in the pharmaceutical industry of Iran comprises five sub-scales: occupational safety conditions, access to healthcare, adequate remuneration, Free time and rest, and alignment of organizational values with family and societal values. This scale can serve as a useful tool for industrial and organizational psychology research, as well as for studies on the sustainability of social supply chains.
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