Decision authority and the returns to algorithms Kim, Hyunjin; Glaeser, Edward L.; Hillis, Andrew ...
Strategic management journal,
April 2024, 2024-04-00, 20240401, Letnik:
45, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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Research Summary
We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to a pair of algorithms that varied in their sophistication. We find that both algorithms provided substantial ...prediction gains, suggesting that even simple data may be helpful. However, these gains did not result in improved decisions. Inspectors often used their decision authority to override algorithmic recommendations, partly to consider other organizational objectives without improving outcomes. Interviews with 55 departments find that while some ran pilots seeking to prioritize inspections using data, all provided considerable decision authority to inspectors. These findings suggest that for algorithms to improve managerial decisions, organizations must consider both the returns to algorithms in the context and how decision authority is managed.
Managerial Summary
We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to algorithms on decisions. We find that the greatest gains in this context come from integrating data into the decision process in the form of simple heuristics, rather than from increasing algorithmic sophistication or additional data. We also find that these improvements in prediction do not fully translate into improved decisions. Decision‐makers were less likely to follow data‐driven recommendations, partly in consideration of other organizational objectives, but without substantially improving on them overall. These findings suggest that organizations should consider the returns to technical sophistication in each context, and that the design and management of decision authority can be a key choice that impacts the value organizations can capture from using predictive analytics.
Due to the uncertainty of decision environment and differences of decision makers’ culture and knowledge background, multi-granular HFLTSs are usually elicited by decision makers in a multi-attribute ...group decision making (MAGDM) problem. In this paper, a novel consensus model is developed for MAGDM based on multi-granular HFLTSs. First, it is defined the group consensus measure based on the fuzzy envelope of multi-granular HFLTSs. Afterwards, an optimization model which aims to minimize the overall adjustment amount of decision makers’ preference is established. Based on the model, an iterative algorithm is devised to help decision makers reach consensus in MAGDM with multi-granular HFLTSs. Numerical results demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed consensus model.
What explains variability in norms of cooperation across organizations and cultures? One answer comes from the tendency of individuals to internalize typically successful behaviors as norms. ...Different institutional structures can cause different behavioral norms to be internalized. These norms are then carried over into atypical situations beyond the reach of the institution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such spillovers. First, we immerse subjects in environments that do or do not support cooperation using repeated prisoner’s dilemmas. Afterwards, we measure their intrinsic prosociality in one-shot games. Subjects from environments that support cooperation are more prosocial, more likely to punish selfishness, and more trusting in general. Furthermore, these effects are most pronounced among subjects who use heuristics, suggesting that intuitive processes play a key role in the spillovers we observe. Our findings help to explain variation in one-shot anonymous cooperation, linking this intrinsically motivated prosociality to the externally imposed institutional rules experienced in other settings.
Data, as supplemental material, are available at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168
.
This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
"This book describes research on safety-related decision-making by operations supervisory personnel in three different high-hazard industries, and features a case study illustrating each: a chemical ...plant, a nuclear power station and an air-navigation service provider. The focus of this research is unique: those who supervise the frontline personnel and essentially provide the organizational link between senior management and minute-by-minute system operations"--Provided by publisher.
The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) has turned out to be a powerful and flexible technique in representing decision makers' qualitative assessments in the processes of decision making. The ...aim of this paper is to develop a method to solve the multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem within the context of HFLTS in which the criteria conflict with each other. To do so, the concepts of ideal solutions for a HFL-MCDM problem have been introduced. In addition, in order to represent the closeness of one solution to the ideal one, we propose a sort of hesitant fuzzy linguistic measures, such as the hesitant fuzzy linguistic group utility measure, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic individual regret measure, and the hesitant fuzzy linguistic compromise measure. Based on these measures, we develop a hesitant fuzzy linguistic VIKOR (HFL-VIKOR) method, which is motivated by the traditional VIKOR method. The general procedures for the HFL-VIKOR method are given. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages and practicality of our method. Finally, we make some discussions on the advantages of the HFL-VIKOR method, as well as future work.
Decision makers are often faced with several conflicting alternatives. How do they evaluate trade-offs when there are more than three criteria? To help people make optimal decisions, scholars in the ...discipline of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) continue to develop new methods for structuring preferences and determining the correct relative
Aims and objectives
To explore clinical nurses’ experiences of using emotional intelligence capabilities during clinical reasoning and decision‐making.
Background
There has been little research ...exploring whether, or how, nurses employ emotional intelligence (EI) in clinical reasoning and decision‐making.
Design
Qualitative phase of a larger mixed‐methods study.
Methods
Semistructured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of registered nurses (n = 12) following EI training and coaching. Constructivist thematic analysis was employed to analyse the narrative transcripts.
Results
Three themes emerged: the sensibility to engage EI capabilities in clinical contexts, motivation to actively engage with emotions in clinical decision‐making and incorporating emotional and technical perspectives in decision‐making.
Conclusion
Continuing to separate cognition and emotion in research, theorising and scholarship on clinical reasoning is counterproductive.
Relevance to clinical practice
Understanding more about nurses’ use of EI has the potential to improve the calibre of decisions, and the safety and quality of care delivered.
Shared decision-making (SDM) is rarely implemented in pediatric practice. Pediatric health decision-making differs from that of adult practice. Yet, little is known about the factors that influence ...the implementation of pediatric shared decision-making (SDM). We synthesized pediatric SDM barriers and facilitators from the perspectives of healthcare providers (HCP), parents, children, and observers (i.e., persons who evaluated the SDM process, but were not directly involved).
We conducted a systematic review guided by the Ottawa Model of Research Use (OMRU). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO (inception to March 2017) and included studies that reported clinical pediatric SDM barriers and/or facilitators from the perspective of HCPs, parents, children, and/or observers. We considered all or no comparison groups and included all study designs reporting original data. Content analysis was used to synthesize barriers and facilitators and categorized them according to the OMRU levels (i.e., decision, innovation, adopters, relational, and environment) and participant types (i.e., HCP, parents, children, and observers). We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to appraise study quality.
Of 20,008 identified citations, 79 were included. At each OMRU level, the most frequent barriers were features of the options (decision), poor quality information (innovation), parent/child emotional state (adopter), power relations (relational), and insufficient time (environment). The most frequent facilitators were low stake decisions (decision), good quality information (innovation), agreement with SDM (adopter), trust and respect (relational), and SDM tools/resources (environment). Across participant types, the most frequent barriers were insufficient time (HCPs), features of the options (parents), power imbalances (children), and HCP skill for SDM (observers). The most frequent facilitators were good quality information (HCP) and agreement with SDM (parents and children). There was no consistent facilitator category for observers. Overall, study quality was moderate with quantitative studies having the highest ratings and mixed-method studies having the lowest ratings.
Numerous diverse and interrelated factors influence SDM use in pediatric clinical practice. Our findings can be used to identify potential pediatric SDM barriers and facilitators, guide context-specific barrier and facilitator assessments, and inform interventions for implementing SDM in pediatric practice.
PROSPERO CRD42015020527.
•We define IVIHFCI operator to model interaction phenomena among criteria in MCGDM.•Hamming distance measure is defined for the elements of IVIHFS.•An IVIHFCI operator based TOPSIS method is proposed ...for MCGDM.•IVIHFCI operator based TOPSIS is applied in HRD process of candidate selection.
Inter-dependency among the decision criteria and difficulty of establishing a common membership grade are two important issues to be addressed in multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems in the environment of uncertainty. The main purpose of this paper is to define the Choquet integral operator for interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets (IVIHFS) and to extend the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method using Choquet integral operator in interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy environment. In the present study we define interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy Choquet integral (IVIHFCI) operator and extend the definition of hamming distance for the elements of IVIHFS. Using IVIHFCI operator and hamming distance for IVIHFS, we extend TOPSIS method for MCGDM for interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy environment considering the interaction phenomena among the decision criteria. An illustrative example has also been taken in the present study to understand the proposed method.
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