Uvod: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšna je ogroženost za padce odraslih pacientov v akutni zdravstveni obravnavi ter kakšne so razlike v ogroženosti glede na spol, starost, kraj pacientove ...obravnave (kliniko) in specialnost stroke ter kategorijo zahtevnosti bolnišnične zdravstvene nege.Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno raziskovanje – presečna opazovalna raziskava. Vzorec (n = 1361) je vključeval odrasle paciente, hospitalizirane v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana. Podatki so se zbirali na za to posebej razvitem instrumentu, pri čemer je bila ogroženost za padce vrednotena z Morsejino lestvico. Podatki so se zbirali od oktobra do novembra 2015. Poleg osnovne deskriptivne statistike so bili uporabljeni tudi Mann-Whitneyjev test, test ANOVA in Pearsonov korelacijski test.Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da je v akutni zdravstveni obravnavi v slovenski terciarni bolnišnici zmerno do visoko ogroženih za padce 69,1 % (n = 940) pacientov, od tega je 28,0 % (n = 381) visoko ogroženih. Ogroženost pacientov za padce je pozitivno povezana s starostjo (r = 0,462, p < 0,001). Razlikuje se tudi glede na kliniko (F = 29,210, p < 0,001), specialnost stroke (Z = –5,660, p < 0,001) ter kategorijo zahtevnosti zdravstvene nege (F = 125,464, p < 0,001).Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno bolj ogroženi so starejši, pacienti, razvrščeni v višje kategorije zahtevnosti bolnišnične zdravstvene nege, ter pacienti, zdravljeni v okviru internističnih strok. Rutinsko ocenjevanje ogroženosti, načrtovanje in izvajanje ukrepov za preprečevanje padcev so temelji zmanjševanja padcev.
Raziskava obravnava motivacijske dejavnike kariernega razvoja strokovnih delavcev v osnovnih in srednjih šolah, ki poteka vzporedno in neločljivo z dvema drugima procesoma: psihosocialnim razvojem ...posameznika in njegovim družinskim življenjem. Empirična raziskava je bila narejena na vzorcu 360 strokovnih delavcev v osnovnih in srednjih šolah. Strokovni delavci so na lestvici pomembnosti motivacijskih dejavnikov ocenjevali stopnjo strinjanja s trditvami v zvezi z naslednjimi motivacijskimi dejavniki: zakonodaja in urejenost dokumentacije na ravni šole, organizacijska klima in kultura na šoli, vodstvo šole, šola kot učeča se organizacija, potreba posameznika po kariernem razvoju. Zanimalo nas je, ali po mnenju vprašanih obstajajo razlike v oceni stopnje pomembnosti posameznih motivacijskih dejavnikov za karierni razvoj ter ali obstaja odvisnost med končnim rezultatom na lestvici in posameznimi spremenljivkami. Ugotovitev je pomembna za strokovne delavce in vodstva šol, ki se ukvarjajo s spodbujanjem kariernega razvoja, in bi jo bilo smiselno upoštevati tako pri načrtovanju kot spremljanju kariernega razvoja strokovnih delavcev na šolah.
The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18
Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their ...occurrence.
A customized questionnaire was distributed over registration. Independent samples of t-test and chi-square test were used to calculate the differences in risk factors occurrence in the injured and non-injured group. Factors which appeared significantly more frequently in the injured group were included further into multiple logistic regression analysis.
The reported lifetime running injury (absence >2 weeks) incidence was: 46% none, 47% rarely, 4% occasionally, and 2% often. Most commonly injured body regions were: knee (30%), ankle and Achilles' tendon (24%), foot (15%), and calf (12%). Male gender, running history of 1-3 years, and history of previous injuries were risk factors for life-time running injury. In the season preceding the event, 65% of participants had not experienced any running injuries, 19% of them reported minor problems (max 2 weeks absenteeism), but 10% and 7% suffered from moderate (absence 3-4 weeks) or major (more than 4 weeks pause) injuries. BMI was identified as the solely risk factor.
This self-reported study revealed a 53% lifetime prevalence of running-related injuries, with the predominate involvement of knee, ankle and Achilles' tendon. One out of three recreational runners experienced at least one minor running injury per season. It seems that male gender, short running experience, previous injury, and BMI do increase the probability for running-related injuries.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is measuring a patient's experience of his health status and represents an outcome of medical interventions. Existing data proves that a healthy lifestyle is ...positively associated with HRQoL in all age groups. Patients with a high risk for cardiovascular disease typically led an unhealthy lifestyle combined with risk diseases. We aimed to analyse these characteristics and their reflection in HRQoL.
A cross-sectional study in 36 family practices, stratified by location and size. Each practice invited 30 high-risk patients from the register. Data were obtained from medical records and patient questionnaire. The EQ-5D questionnaire and the VAS scale were used for measuring the patient's HRQoL as an independent variable.
871 patients (80.6% response rate) were included in the analysis. 60.0% had 3-4 uncontrolled risk factors for CVD. The average VAS scale was 63.2 (SD 19.4). The correlation of EQ-5D was found in the number of visits in the practice (r=-0.31, p<0.001), the socioeconomic status (r=-0.25, p=0.001), age (r=-0.27, p=0.001) and healthy diet (r=0.20, p=0.006). In a multivariate model, only physical activity among lifestyle characteristics was an independent predictor of HRQoL (p=0.001, t=3.3), along with the frequency of visits (p<0.001, t=-5.3) and age (p=0.025, t=-2.2).
This study has been performed on a specific group of patients, not being "really sick", but having less optimal lifestyle in many cases. Encouragement to improve or keep healthy lifestyle, especially physical activity, is important, not only to lower the risk for CVD, but also to improve HRQoL.
Izhodišče: Zvečana debelina intime in medije (DIM) na karotidnih arterijah in znižani gleženjski indeks (GI) veljata za zgodnja kazalnika ateroskleroze. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti pomen DIM na ...karotidnih arterijah in GI kot kazalnika ateroskleroze pri bolnikih s prebolelim akutnim miokardnim infarktom (AMI).Metode: Raziskali smo dve skupini preiskovancev. V testni skupini je bilo 50 bolnikov s prebolelim AMI med 38. in 78. letom starosti, od tega 32 moških in 18 žensk. Kontrolna skupina, ki je imela tudi 50 preiskovancev brez ishemične bolezni srca, je bila primerljiva s testno po starosti, spolu in kraju bivanja. Meritve debeline intime in medije so bile izvedene z B-ultrazvočnim prikazom z visoko resolucijo, in sicer na zadnji steni na treh različnih mestih karotidnega žilja: v področju skupne karotidne arterije 1 cm pod začetkom razcepišča in v področju bulbusa in notranje karotidne arterije 1 cm za razcepiščem. Periferno arterijsko bolezen (PAB) na spodnjih udih, gleženjski indeks je bil 0,9 ali manj, smo ugotavljali z merjenjem sistoličnega krvnega tlaka z ultrazvočnim dopplerskim detektorjem.Rezultati: V testni skupini je imelo 32 (64 %) preiskovancev maksimalno zadebelitev intime in medije nad 0,9 mm, medtem ko je bila v kontrolni skupini pri 16 (32 %) preiskovancih ugotovljena DIM nad 0,9 (p < 0,05). Povprečna DIM pri preiskovancih s prebolelim AMI (mediana 0,85, interkvartilni razmik (0,72–0,95) je bila v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino 0,74 (0,67–0,86) statistično značilno večja (p < 0,05). Bolniki z AMI in PAB so imeli pomembno večjo DIM 0,93 (0,86–1,03) v primerjavi z bolniki z AMI in brez PAB 0,73 (0,65–0,84), (p < 0,001). Razlika v DIM med bolniki z AMI z dvigom ST-veznice (STEMI), 0,84 (0,70–0,96), in bolnikov z AMI brez dviga ST-veznice (NSTEMI), 0,89 (0,79–0,95), ni bila statistično značilna. PAB smo ugotovili pri 24 (48 %) bolnikih s prebolelim AMI in pri 10 (20 %) preiskovancih kontrolne skupine (p < 0,05).Zaključek: Bolniki s prebolelim AMI so imeli pomembno večjo debelino intime in medije in večjo prevalenco PAB v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Pri preiskovancih testne in kontrolne skupine smo ugotovili zvečano debelino intime in medije ter znižan gleženjski indeks kot kazalnika ateroskleroze.
Workplace violence is a serious and multidimensional problem that adversely affects professional and personal lives of employees. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and ...characteristics of verbal violence as a part of psychological violence among employees in primary health care in Belgrade, and to identify contributing factors of verbal violence in the workplace.
In this cross-sectional study, the final analysis included 1526 employees, using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research, developed by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The general response rate was 86.8% (1526/1757).
It was found that 47.8% of the participants were subjected to verbal violence. The main source of verbal violence was patient/client, 55.6% of employees did not report the incident. Among those who did not report the incident, 74.9% believed that reporting violence was useless. The interaction with patients (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.06) and work between 6pm and 7am (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60) were significant contributing factors of verbal violence.
The results are indicative of a high prevalence of verbal violence against employees in primary health centres, which could have undesirable consequences. Conducting a better organizational measure and encouraging employees to report workplace violence could reduce the prevalence of verbal violence.
The aim of the study was to determine predictive factors for live birth after in vitro fertilization with autologous oocytes in women ≥40 years of age.
Authors conducted a retrospective analysis of ...in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles performed at the Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia between January 2006 and December 2015 in women aged 40 or more. The characteristics of patients and cycles were compared regarding live birth as the final outcome.
A total of 1920 IVF/ICSI cycles with egg retrieval in women ≥40 years of age were performed leading to 1591 embryo transfers. The live birth rate per embryo transfer was 17.3% at 40, 11.6% at 41, 8.2% at 42, 7.9% at 43, 1.9% at 44 and 0.0% at ≥45 years of age. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that besides women's age (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.78), the number of previous cycles (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95), number of good quality embryos on day 2 (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.36), number of embryos transferred (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19-2.07) and day 5 embryo transfer (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.37-3.55) were also independent prognostic factors for live birth.
The chance of in vitro fertilization success in women ≥40 years of age should not be estimated only on the woman's age, but also on other predictive factors: number of previous cycles, number of good quality embryos on day 2, number of transferred embryos and blastocyst embry transfer.
In the second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute-care ...hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified risk factors.
Patients from acute-care hospitals were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in October 2011. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5628 patients, 3.8% had at least one HAI and additional 2.6% were still being treated for HAIs on the day of the survey; the prevalence of HAIs was 6.4%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was the highest (1.4%), followed by pneumoniae (1.3%) and surgical site infections (1.2%). In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 35.7%. Risk factors for HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.0; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.9-5.7), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.6), intubation (aOR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5) and rapidly fatal underlying condition (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute-care hospitals in 2011 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, ...we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them.
Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio aOR 4.1; 95% confidence intervals CI: 3.1-5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3-3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Kulturni dejavniki lahko vplivajo na to, kako urbanist ureja prostor. Kulturna identiteta ali ideologija pomembno vpliva na urbanistično načrtovanje, vendar je te vplive težko izmeriti, zato se ...pogosto spregledajo. V raziskavi preučujemo, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na urbanistovo percepcijo v Prištini, ki se izraža tudi v namenu njegovega oblikovanja in ustvarjanja prostora. Dejavnike smo povzeli iz prejšnjih raziskav ter vključujejo narodno identiteto, etnonacionalizem, socialne konstrukte in politične pritiske. Uporabili smo kvalitativno metodo raziskave s primerjalno analizo primerov. Z namenskim vzorčenjem in polstrukturiranimi intervjuji z izbranimi urbanisti v Prištini smo ugotovili, kako ti dejavniki vplivajo na njihovo percepcijo in namen urejanja prostora. Izkazalo se je, da na percepcijo najpomembneje vpliva narodna identiteta, sledijo politični pritiski, najmanjši vpliv pa imajo etnonacionalizem in socialni konstrukti. Poleg tega ima strukturna relativnost percepcij in namenov urbanistov pozitivne učinke. Izsledki raziskave poudarjajo elemente, ki bi jih morali upoštevati urbanisti na Kosovu, in dajejo dobro osnovo za nadaljnje raziskave.
PDF
