Članek preučuje vpliv onesnaženja s svincem na vrednost nepremičnin v kraju Anniston, ki se nahaja v ameriški zvezni državi Alabami in velja za eno najbolj onesnaženih mest v ZDA. S pomočjo hedonske ...analize cen nepremičnin smo lahko preučili, v kolikšni meri onesnaženje s svincem vpliva na vrednost nepremičnin v Annistonu in koliko na padec vrednosti vpliva tamkajšnje vojaško skladišče. Ocenili smo, da bi čiščenje okolja, onesnaženega s svincem, povečalo vrednost nepremičnin za 1.140 USD na gospodinjstvo, ugotovili pa smo tudi, da z zmanjševanjem oddaljenosti od vira onesnaženja pada tudi vrednost nepremičnin, približno za 2 % na kilometer; ta številka se sklada s predhodnimi raziskavami povezav med okoljskimi neprivlačnostmi in vrednostjo nepremičnin.
V zadnjih desetletjih se dejavniki urbanega razvoja nenehno spreminjajo ter prilagajajo globalizacijskim procesom in smerem razvoja, povezanim z njimi. Danes so ustvarjalnost, znanje in inovativnost ...v splošnem priznani kot bistvene sestavine gospodarskega uspeha v naprednem kapitalističnem svetu. Tako se na kreativne industrije in industrije, ki temeljijo na znanju, vse bolj gleda kot na gospodarske dejavnosti, ki omogočajo doseganje mednarodne konkurenčnosti. Zaradi zapoznelega razvoja kreativnega gospodarstva zasedajo vzhodnoevropska mesta poseben položaj v mednarodni konkurenci metropolitanskih območij. Ob upoštevanju tega bi lahko trenutne smeri razvoja kreativnega gospodarstva, značilne za vzhodnoevropska metropolitanska območja, vplivale tudi na prihodnje gospodarske perspektive Evropske unije. V zvezi z novimi gospodarskimi smermi razvoja se članek osredotoča na zmogljivost in potenciale metropolitanskega območja Budimpešte, pri čemer se opira na statistične analize ter rezultate empiričnih anket in poglobljenih intervjujev s kreativnimi strokovnjaki.
Podatki o količini vode v prsteh Slovenije so skromni in še to so najpogosteje na voljo le v točkovni obliki, kar je težko posplošiti na večje območje. Zato smo razporeditev skušali oceniti na ...podlagi reliefnih podatkov. Kot merilo razporeditve vode v prsti v pokrajini smo uporabili reliefni indeks vlažnosti. Reliefni indeks vlažnosti kaže na stopnjo akumulacije vode v prsti na določeni izbrani lokaciji, ki je funkcija naklona na tej lokaciji in specifične površine porečja gorvodno od te točke.
Naravovarstveno Vrednotenje Avifavne Območja Zadrževalnika Medvedce (SV Slovenija) in Dejavniki Ogrožanja
Nature-conservancy evaluation of the birds of Medvedce reservoir has been implemented on the ...basis of ornithological data gathered during the 2002-2009 period and through application of eight different conservation categories. Two of them provide for the legal protection of birds, four apply to breeding birds with unfavourable conservation status, and two to breeding birds with populations of national concern. Threat factors to the birds of this area have also been defined, as well as their relative significance and extent of impact assessed with the aid of two different methods. In the study area, 57 species were confirmed to breed or probably bred there, 34 (or 59.6%) of which were of conservation importance, and 12 (21.1%) of the greatest conservation importance. Three species met the criteria for their inclusion among the IBA qualifying species: Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca, and Spotted Crake Porzana porzana. For these species, the area has been denoted as IBA SI027 Črete. In the study area, the Ferruginous Duck is the only breeding bird of global conservation concern. In 20 species, the breeding population size exceeds 5% of Slovenian population, while in 6 species at least a half of the entire national population breeds here. Two species, i.e. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus, are known to breed only at Medvedce reservoir. In Slovenia, this area is the most important for the breeding of at least four species: Gadwall Anas strepera, Pochard Aythya ferina, Ferruginous Duck and Tufted Duck A. fuligula. Seven threat factors have been identified, six of which have a negative impact on at least one of the species of the greatest conservation importance. The factors with the greatest negative impact on the birds of Medvedce reservoir are hunting (currently practiced) and fish farming (potential).
Članek predstavlja razvoj priseljevanja v Slovenijo po drugi svetovni vojni z vidika vplivov na raven rodnosti v Sloveniji. Analizira priseljevanje v Slovenijo in na podlagi primerjav rodnosti ...posameznih etničnih skupin v Sloveniji opredeljuje vlogo le-teh v skupni rodnosti v Sloveniji. Poudarek je na primerjavah rodnosti priseljenega prebivalstva napram večinskemu prebivalstvu v Sloveniji. Rezultati dajejo podlago za sklep, da priseljevanje v Slovenijo ni podaljšalo, oziroma zaustavilo demografskega prehoda v Sloveniji, kot se to pogosto domneva, pač pa je povzročilo, da so bile spremembe še izrazitejše. To lahko dokažemo z generacijskimi vrednostmi končnega potomstva, ki kažejo, da se je krivulja zniževanja končnega potomstva spuščala enakomerno in da glede na povečan obseg generacij, ki so se številčno od priseljevanja najbolj okrepile, v svojih starostnih skupinah niso povečale tudi končnega potomstva. Transverzalni podatki kažejo sovpadanje zastoja v upadanju celotne rodnosti z obdobji izdatnejšega priseljevanja v Slovenijo – to je v 1970. letih. Poglobljena analiza pa nam kaže, da je pri tem igral najpomembnejšo vlogo starostni efekt, ki ni bil v neposredni zvezi s priseljevanjem. Celotna rodnost se je ob stagnaciji v 1970. že v prvi polovici 1980. naglo znižala, kar je v nasprotju s takrat obstoječim trendom naglega povečevanja števila priseljencev. Nekateri avtorji so ugotavljali, da je v obdobju od konca 1960. let in 1970. let korelacija med rodnostjo in priseljevanjem negativna, v 1980. letih pa visoka in pozitivna. Ob tem je nujno potrebno opomniti, da situacije v 1980. ne moremo izvzemati iz celote, kajti arbitrarna odločitev o časovnem intervalu opazovanja močno vpliva na rezultate. Kako sicer pojasniti relativno visoko in skokovito povečanje migracijskega salda v »prvem« obdobju s splošnim nižanjem vrednosti celotne rodnosti v Sloveniji, ob hkratnem strmem upadanju in sovpadanju vrednosti celotne rodnosti in migracijskega salda? Situacije v 1980. letih torej ne gre posploševati na situacijo v 1970. To posploševanje inducira tezo, da se je z upadom priseljevanja znižala tudi rodnost. Taka teza je v popolni kontradikciji s situacijo v 1970., ko je priseljevanje skokovito naraščalo, rodnost pa je kljub temu padala. Integralno gledano je priseljevanje vplivalo dejansko na skrajšanje demografskega prehoda, oziroma je povzročilo strmejši prehod v drugo demografsko tranzicijo. Da priselitve dejansko niso mogle zaustaviti demografskega prehoda, je razvidno tudi iz podatkov o končnem potomstvu priseljenk. Le-to je, kot smo pokazali, v povprečju nižje od tistega pri Slovenkah. To pa pomeni ravno nasprotno, namreč da so priseljenke prispevale k hitremu upadanju transverzalnih vrednosti rodnosti v 1980. letih. Presojanje vplivov priseljevanja na potek demografskega prehoda preko celotne rodnosti je problematično iz več razlogov. Najpomembnejši je ta, da so transverzalni kazalniki pod močnim vplivom trenutnih dejavnikov, posebej še sprememb povprečne starosti mater ob rojstvu otrok. Vpliv teh sprememb je tako velik, da je lahko letna vrednost precenjena ali podcenjena tudi za več kot desetino. To pa je bistveno več, kot lahko na vrednosti celotne rodnosti vplivajo kvantitativne spremembe rodnostnega obnašanja, ki so po svoji naravi dolgoročne, in kar potrjujejo tudi longitudinalni kazalniki.
Avtorici poročata o rezultatih raziskave, o nekaterih pomembnih določilnicah, ki ovirajo izredne študente na visokih strokovnih šolah v Sloveniji pri njihovem izobraževanju. Ugotavljata, da v vseh ...fazah in stopnjah izobraževanja nastajajo in se oblikujejo anti motivi oziroma ovire, ki znižujejo stopnjo motivacije in onemogočajo nemoteno udeležbo v procesu izobraževanja. Natančneje analizirata situacijske, institucijske in dispozicijske ovire.
Identification of the Important Bird Areas (IBAs) is an initiative implemented by BirdLife International at the global level, aiming to conserve a network of sites that are particularly important for ...the conservation of birds. With the changed conservation status of some species and increased information on the distribution and population sizes of birds in Macedonia in general, a revision of the IBA network was needed to update previous inventories for this country, published in 1989 and 2000. As the bird fauna of the Republic of Macedonia ranks among the least known in Europe, and as data on many species, notably passerines, are still largely missing, the inventory is mainly based on some threatened or rare birds of prey and a few other larger species, yet characteristic of the Macedonian landscape. Data used were collected in the course of different dedicated studies and projects carried out after 2000. Out of 314 species so far registered in Macedonia, 114 regularly occurring species have currently unfavourable conservation status in Europe, 84 of which breed or possibly breed in the country. Several criteria for the selection of IBAs of global (A criterion) and European importance (B criterion) developed by BirdLife International were used for sites selection, taking into consideration species of global conservation concern (A1), biome-restricted species (A3), important congregations (A4, B1) and species with an unfavourable conservation status (B2) or concentrated (B3) in Europe. Species of global conservation concern used for site identification include the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, considered Endangered (EN) at the global level according to the latest IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus and Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca (both Vulnerable - VU), and Roller Coracias garrulus and Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata (both Near Threatened - NT). Furthermore, species assemblages characteristic as occurring mostly or entirely within a Eurasian high-montane or Mediterranean biome are found in Macedonia. Important congregations of non-breeding waterbirds with at least 1% of global or biogeographic populations of individual species occur on all three large lakes in the country, some of them (e.g. Dalmatian Pelican, Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina) in very large numbers, surpassing the 1% threshold by more than tenfold. In total, 25 species regularly occurring in the breeding season, for which the site protection approach is thought to be appropriate in Macedonia, were used for the selection of sites of European importance. Site boundaries were drawn following distinct natural features or isohypses to include breeding sites and foraging areas of triggering species, and, for Imperial Eagle and Egyptian Vulture also former breeding sites back to 1991, taking into consideration their habitat requirements, land-use and management needs. The resulting IBA list numbers 24 sites, covering 6,907 km2 or 26.9% of the entire territory of Macedonia: (1) Šar Planina Mountain, (2) River Radika Catchment, (3) Lake Ohrid, (4) Lake Prespa, (5) Demir Kapija Gorge, (6) Lake Dojran, (7) Zletovska River Valley, (8) Tikveš Region, (9) Pčinja - Petrošnica - Kriva Reka Rivers, (10) Preod - Gjugjance, (11) Osogovo Mountains, (12) Jakupica Mountain, (13) Taor Gorge, (14) Ovče Pole, (15) Topolka - Babuna - Bregalnica Rivers, (16) Gradsko - Rosoman - Negotino, (17) Lake Mantovo and Kriva Lakavica River, (18) Raec River Valley, (19) Pelagonia, (20) Mariovo, (21) Lake Tikveš, (22) Bošavija, (23) Kočani Rice Fields, and (24) Lower Vardar. With the exception of three sites occupying the highest parts of the large mountain massifs in NW and central parts of Macedonia, and the lakes Ohrid and Prespa, sites are concentrated mostly in central hilly and lowland parts of the country, comprising breeding areas of species of global conservation concern. The percentage of territory covered by the IBAs in Macedonia is relatively high compared to the total European average but comparable to several countries in SE parts of Europe. The size of separate IBAs ranges from 25 km2 (Taor Gorge) to 1,136 km2 (Pelagonia) and number of triggering species per site from one (Bošavija, Kočani Rice Fields) to 17 (Pčinja - Petrošnica - Kriva Reka Rivers). 22 sites trigger some of the criteria of global importance - three sites (Lakes Ohrid, Prespa and Dojran) meet A4 criterion, eight sites hold significant populations of species characteristic of the Mediterranean biome, while three other sites sustain significant populations characteristic of the European high-montane biome. Species of global conservation concern are included as follows: Egyptian Vulture on 13 sites, Imperial Eagle on 7, Dalmatian Pelican and Saker Falcon Falco cherrug on 2, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca on 3, Roller Coracias garrulus on 10, Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus on 3 sites, and Semi-collared Flycatcher on 1 site. Individual triggering species for sites of European importance are represented on 2-15 sites. The IBA network includes 80-100% of the national populations of the globally threatened species, while the coverage of other species vary between 5% and 100%, being over 40% in great majority of species. Non-irrigated arable land and transitional woodland-shrub are dominant land-cover types, jointly covering 32% of the total IBA surface area. Abandonment of traditional pastoral system, resulting in decrease of the livestock numbers and overgrowing as well as trapping, poisoning and poaching, are considered the most serious threats for triggering species, particularly the Egyptian Vulture and Imperial Eagle, being classified as high on no less than 11 sites, respectively. The national legal protection of the sites is incomplete, being either only partial or with inadequate conservation measures adopted, or, many sites still lack any form of legal protection. With about 21% of the National protected area network overlapping with the IBAs, the existing protected area system is thus insufficient for conservation of most priority species. Notably underrepresented are the regions in the lower parts of the country with the highest number of species of global conservation concern.
Mednarodno pomembna območja za ptice globalnega in evropskega pomena v Makedoniji
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