The loess region of the Central Saxon Hill Country is characterized by a relief of gently rolling hills, whose most distinctive landscape elements are well-defined shallow valleys, called dells. The ...aim of this research is to gather morphodynamic information on the dells in a qualitative and quantitative way by means of high-resolution field mapping and laboratory-based analyses. The intensity of sediment shifting has been modelled via sediment budgeting on a small catchment scale. Research objectives are to determine the character and magnitude of geomorphic processes for a Holocene time frame. Concerning the absence of currently obtainable dating, this study represents a reflection, which summarises all sediment shifting related to anthropogenic land use during the Holocene. As a specific parameter in terms of landscape development, the relief is considered to be strongly associated with varying process intensities.
Agrarian land use of the loess region since the late Neolithic has resulted in severe soil erosion. Lower middle slope positions are the apparent spots were soil erosion processes take place in terms of rill erosion. A detailed survey of three dells provided a very heterogeneous pattern of the relocation of soil material. Dell 1 (Zehren) shows medial Holocene soil profile truncation of 1090mm. In contrast, dell 3 (Löbschütz) shows soil loss of around 660mm. All systems have similarly high slope gradients up to 12°. Actually, the deepening of the dell´s depth contours and therewith the extent of erosive slope lengths is varying. Thus, a higher longitudinal decline of the valley floors and a more intensive incision, lead to enlarged erosive slope lengths, which causes increasing sediment transport.
Hence, land-use patterns trigger the process of material displacement, whereas relief modifies the intensity of geomorphic processes.
► Several loess dells were examined to unveil the extent of soil profile truncation and sedimentation in these catchments. ► Sediment budgets were compiled for a Holocene timeframe. ► Values for soil profile truncation are varying. ► Responsible for that appears the respective relief configuration that established already during the Pleistocene.
Maintaining safe operating conditions is a key challenge for high-performance lithium-ion battery applications. The lithium-plating reaction remains a risk during charging, but limited studies ...consider the highly variable charging conditions possible in commercial cells. Here we combine pseudo-2D electrochemical modeling with data visualization methods to reveal important relationships between the measurable cell voltage and difficult-to-predict Li-plating onset criteria. An extensively validated model is used to compute Li plating for thousands of multistep charging conditions spanning diverse rates, temperatures, states-of-charge, and cell aging. We observe an empirical cell operating voltage limit below which plating does not occur across all conditions, and this limit varies with the battery state-of-charge and aging. A model sensitivity analysis also indicates that, when comparing two charging voltage profiles, the capacity difference at 4.0 V correlates well with the difference in the plating onset capacity. These results encourage simple strategies for Li-plating prevention that are complementary to existing battery controls.
This paper combines game theory with Land Ethics to demonstrate a path forward for sustainable development. Our findings indicate that two likely equilibria can be reached. One equilibrium focuses on ...high short-term profits, but with ecological damage leading to less cumulative profits. The second equilibrium requires ecological maintenance costs (thus less short-term profits) yet yields greater cumulative profits. The comparison of the two equilibria and using the historical perspective of the Wisconsin Dells demonstrates how communities that embrace a Land Ethic can reach the equilibrium that produces greater long-term benefits.
: This manuscript reviews the proceedings of a symposium organized by Drs. Antonio Noronha and Fulton Crews presented at the 2003 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting. The purpose of the symposium ...was to examine recent findings on when alcohol induced brain damage occurs, e.g., during intoxication and/or during alcohol withdrawal. Further studies investigate specific brain regions (where) and the mechanisms (why) of alcoholic neurodegeneration. The presentations were (1) Characterization of Synaptic Loss in Cerebella of Mature and Senescent Rats after Lengthy Chronic Ethanol Consumption, (2) Ethanol Withdrawal Both Causes Neurotoxicity and Inhibits Neuronal Recovery Processes in Rat Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures, (3) Binge Drinking‐Induced Brain Damage: Genetic and Age Related Effects, (4) Binge Ethanol‐Induced Brain Damage: Involvement of Edema, Arachidonic Acid and Tissue Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and (5) Cyclic AMP Cascade, Stem Cells and Ethanol. Taken together these studies suggest that alcoholic neurodegeneration occurs through multiple mechanisms and in multiple brain regions both during intoxication and withdrawal.
EFS Rhone-Alpes, Dept. of Cellular Immunology, Grenoble, France. marie-christine.jacob@efs.sante.fr
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The CD4+ CD56+ lin- immunophenotype characterizes rare malignancies, so ...far considered as arising from the transformation of NK progenitors, and therefore classified as blastic NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma by the WHO committee. Recently it was formally demonstrated that such malignancies do, in fact, develop from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), according to immunophenotypic and functional criteria. The clinico-biological features of this neoplasm were moreover recently summarized from a large series of 23 patients. INFORMATION SOURCES: The main symptoms at presentation were cutaneous lesions and bone marrow failure, due to invasion by blastic cells, all of which were EBV negative and agranular. Most patients were initially sensitive to chemotherapy regimens, but they rapidly relapsed and died within 3 years. Only 2 allotransplanted patients were long survivors. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations involving chromosomes 5q, 6q, 12p, 13q, 15q and 9 were described and it was characteristic that these were associated in the same cell. In the present review we compared these findings to those in the literature. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: The concordant characteristics led us to confirm that this neoplasm actually represents a new entity, that we propose to rename early pDC leukemia/lymphoma. The diagnosis is primarily based on a characteristic immunophenotypic profile i.e. CD4+ CD56+ CD3- CD13- CD33- CD19-. Complementary analyses assessing the expression of more specific pDC-related markers showed the cells to be HLA-DR+, CD123high, CD116low, CD45RA+, BDCA-2+ or BDCA-4+. Such complementary investigations are necessary only in the case of an atypical phenotype, in order to confirm a pDC origin and exclude another hematologic disease. This presently regards the expression of CD33 or cytoplasmic CD3e (cyCD3e) and the negativity of CD56.
As a special combination of hotel and tourism resource consumption, resort hotel is an important component of tour resort which has huge marketing share. Taking Cactus resort hotel and Kalahari hotel ...as an example, this paper tries to analyze the enterprise culture differences including management mode, market positioning and establishment of enterprise culture between Chinese and American resort hotels from the prism of the enterprise culture of hotel. Some suggestions on the enterprise cultural construction of China's resort hotel are given at the end of this paper.
Tensions and contradictions surround photographic representations of landscape-and the practices that created those representations-during the medium's so-called golden age in the late nineteenth ...century. These are examined by focusing on the landscape views of H. H. Bennett, a photographer of considerable renown whose stereographs and oversized panoramas of the Wisconsin Dells transformed a working river into a picturesque landscape. Such a construction of genteel tourist space in Victorian America suggests a post-frontier aesthetic in which nature is valued less as an opportunity for progress or an occasion for terror than as pleasing scenery.
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