The Athenian democracy of the fifth century BC saw a blossoming of knowledge. Some was closely associated with the institutions, with locations that were defined in the urban topography, while the ...new knowledge is more difficult to pinpoint. However, two testimonies situate the astronomer Meton in the Pnyx (Philoch. FGH 328 F 122) and in the theatre of Dionysius (Ar. Nu. 992-1020) meaning that he appeared before large audiences. This situation allows us to explore the social perception of new knowledge in Athens, and to understanding the unique mixture of realism and humour expressed by Aristophanes.
The American political reformer Herbert Croly wrote, "For better or worse, democracy cannot be disentangled from an aspiration toward human perfectibility." Democratic Faith is at once a trenchant ...analysis and a powerful critique of this underlying assumption that informs democratic theory. Patrick Deneen argues that among democracy's most ardent supporters there is an oft-expressed belief in the need to "transform" human beings in order to reconcile the sometimes disappointing reality of human self-interest with the democratic ideal of selfless commitment. This "transformative impulse" is frequently couched in religious language, such as the need for political "redemption." This is all the more striking given the frequent accompanying condemnation of traditional religious belief that informs the "democratic faith."
Democracy is retreating worldwide. As Freedom House reports, the US has not escaped this trend. The system of checks and balances of American democracy managed to thwart Trump’s assault on democracy. ...But together with longstanding institutional and structural defects, his presidency clearly indicates that American democracy is on the verge of political decay. Political polarisation, inequalities, identity politics and the inability of the two political parties to reach compromises are further testing the American democratic institutions. To avert decay, the US needs a reform coalition to bring about institutional changes; and more importantly, to establish inclusive economic policies and a renewed focus on citizenship, duty and a shared purpose.
It's a commonplace that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But in Democratic Legitimacy, Pierre Rosanvallon, one of ...today's leading political thinkers, argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. He makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy.
No "capitalismo da vigilância", a polÃtica e a cultura estão sendo moldadas por algumas big techs, mas a maioria das pessoas não percebe. A sociedade saiu da era da informação para a da ...desinformação. As ferramentas criadas começaram a desequilibrar a Democracia e as relações e o funcionamento da sociedade. Essas big techs só se preocupam em como prender a atenção dos usuários em suas plataformas, sem pensar nos impactos. Nesse cenário o Estado produz as leis que materializam o direito. E nesse caos que se sugere a aplicação da teoria do diálogo e da racionalidade legislativa como meios de melhorar o desenho da formação do direito no Estado, diminuir a crise atual, creditar a polÃtica, manter a paz e o sistema vigente atual. Palavras-chave: Capitalismo da vigilância; plataformas digitais; democracia; diálogo; racionalidade legislativa. In "surveillance capitalism", - politics and culture are being shaped by some big tech, but most people don't realize it. Society has moved from the information age to the misinformation. The tools created began to unbalance Democracy and the relationships and functioning of society. These big techs only care about how to capture users' attention on their platforms, without thinking about the impacts. In this scenario that the State produces the laws that materialize the law. It is in this chaos that the application of the theory of dialogue and legislative rationality is suggested as a means of improving the design of the formation of law in the State, reducing the current crisis, crediting politics, maintaining peace and the current system in force. Keywords: Surveillance capitalism; digital platforms; democracy; dialogue; legislative rationality. En el "capitalismo de vigilancia", la polÃtica y la cultura están siendo moldeadas por unas pocas grandes tecnológicas, pero la mayorÃa de la gente no se da cuenta. La sociedad ha dejado la era de la información por la de la desinformación. Las herramientas creadas comenzaron a desequilibrar la Democracia y las relaciones y funcionamiento de la sociedad. A estas grandes tecnológicas sólo les importa cómo mantener la atención de los usuarios en sus plataformas, sin pensar en los impactos. En este escenario que el Estado produce las leyes que materializan el derecho. Es en este caos que se sugiere la aplicación de la teorÃa del diálogo y la racionalidad legislativa como medio para mejorar el diseño de la formación del derecho en el Estado, reducir la crisis actual, acreditar la polÃtica, mantener la paz y el sistema vigente. Palabras clave: Capitalismo de vigilancia; plataformas digitales; democracia; diálogo; racionalidad legislativa.
Democracia: Hitos y Retos Díaz-Cano, Eduardo; Tardivo, Giuliano
Anduli : revista andaluza de ciencias sociales,
2022
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
La democracia tiene tras de sí una larga historia, pero todavía no se ha constituido de forma plena y completa, presentando importantes fisuras entre lo que se espera de ella y cómo se ha puesto en ...práctica. Este trabajo se interesa por las formas de democracia y sus titubeos históricos desde Mesopotamia hasta Silicon Valley, pasando por el resurgir de la Revolución Francesa y sus efectos. El objetivo es analizar cómo se ha materializado la democracia en diferentes épocas con casos que ilustran estas variaciones. Se utiliza el método histórico-comparativo y la recogida de datos consiste en recabar indicios de “democracia” desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días, mediante revisión bibliográfica de las aportaciones de autores de diversas especialidades. Los resultados son diversos y la introducción de la democracia coincide históricamente como respuesta a situaciones contradictorias y negativas para gran parte de la población. Se concluye que tampoco en el siglo XXI la democracia lo ha conseguido y, si bien sigue siendo el mejor instrumento, los desafíos siguen presentes y la misma idea resulta ser cuestionada en un mundo de democracias.
Polarization is a totalizing political tool. While the us versus them division has long fueled political competition, polarization is taking systemic struggle to the next level. Polarization divides ...the political landscape into two camps, where a compromise can only be found within a given group. The political scene in 21st century Europe is polarized. However, how does this situation affect European values and democratic principles of the rule of law, which protect the stability of democratic systems? Is a polarized state a place where citizens can fully enjoy the benefits of democracy? Can a polarized society reconcile political conflict with democratic values? The article analyzes the phenomenon of political polarization in theoretical terms related to the democratic principles, both classical and those of the contemporary liberal democracies. At the same time, using the example of Poland and other countries, the effects of polarizing actions and their impact on the internal political scene and the social situation are shown.
The world's largest democracy is found in India. Public trust in government is the foundation of democratic governments. A truly democratic society is facilitated by the accessibility of information ...in the public sphere. Information sharing between the government and the general public encourages public discourse. It aids in educating the populace about a transparent and responsible public sphere. According to social scientists, public involvement is essential for participatory development in a democracy. RTI is a key tool for empowering citizens in this context. In all areas of public life, including political, administrative, development, and economic issues, it has been used by citizens. It is rightfully putting pressure on the decision-maker to follow the principles of public welfare.In the history of Indian democracy, the Right to Information Act of 2005 is a landmark law. On June 15, 2005, the Parliament approved the law, which became operative on October 12, 2005. "The Act aims to encourage accountability and transparency. According to the law, public authorities are required to give citizens the information they request. The Official Secrets Act, passed in 1889 and amended in 1923, previously restricted the release of information; it has since been replaced by the RTI Act, 2005.This research paper tries to focus on the Background, Need for the RTI Act,Objectives of the RTI Act, Major provisions of the RTI Act, the Latest Amendment in the RTI Act, Major Drawbacks and Difficulties in the implementation of this law, and finally How the right to information can be made effective so that democracy can be protected and the rights of the people can be provided, for this some suggestions have also been given regarding strengthening the right to information.
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