The paper develops a simple, integrated methodology to project public pension cash flows and healthcare spending over the long term. We illustrate its features by applying it to the LAC5 (Argentina, ...Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico), where public spending pressures are expected to increase significantly over 2015-50 due to demographic trends and rising healthcare costs. We simulate alternative pension reforms, including the transition from a defined benefit to a defined contribution pension system and the fiscal burden of a minimum guaranteed pension under the latter. We also analyze public healthcare outlays in the LAC5, which is likewise expected to increase significantly over 2015-50 due to aging and the so-called excess cost growth factor of healthcare services, showing that curbing the evolution of the latter (e.g., through enhanced competition in the healthcare sector) could aid in containing spending pressures. Despite its simplicity, the methodology yields projections that compare well with other approaches. It therefore provides a good benchmark for assessing alternative reform scenarios, particularly in data-constrained countries.
Centering the margin Alexander Horstmann, Reed L. Wadley / Alexander Horstmann, Reed L. Wadley
2009., 20060515, 2006, 2006-05-01, 20060101, Letnik:
4
eBook
In a completely new approach to borders and border crossing, this volume suggests a re-conceptualization of the nation in Southeast Asia. Choosing an actor approach, the individual chapters in this ...volume capture the narratives of minorities, migrants and refugees who inhabit and cross borders as part of their everyday life. They show that people are not only constrained by borders; the crossing of borders also opens up new options of agency. Making active use of these, border-crossing actors construct their own live projects on the border in multiple ways against the original intention of the nation-state. Based on their intimate knowledge of the interaction of communities, anthropologists from Europe, the USA, Japan and Southeast Asia provide a vivid picture of the effects of state policies at the borders on these communities.
This paper presents historical-demographic movement and population development of Bogomolje parish on the island of Hvar, according to the registers of births/christenings and deaths from 1855 to ...1894. Bogomolje, a hill settlement on the eastern side of the island of Hvar, was mentioned as early as in the 15th century, but it was intensively populated during the period of the Ottoman conquests when it was colonised by population who had fled from the mainland of the Adriatic coast, mostly from the coastal area of Makarska. An analysis of natural movement data has served in this paper as an indicator of birth and mortality rates, natural increase and migration balance, based on which the migration wave that had affected Bogomolje parish at the end of the 19th century was presented.
U ovom radu prikazano je povijesno-demografsko kretanje i razvoj stanovništva župe Bogomolje na otoku Hvaru temeljeno na analizi podataka matičnih knjiga rođenih/krštenih i umrlih od 1855.-1894. godine. Bogomolje, brdsko naselje na istočnoj strani otoka Hvara, spominje se već u 15. stoljeću, ali je intenzivno napučivanje doživjelo tijekom razdoblja osmanskih osvajanja kolonizacijom prebjeglog stanovništva s kopnenog dijela jadranske obale, većinom iz makarskog primorja. Analiza podataka o prirodnom kretanju poslužila je u ovom radu kao pokazatelj stopa nataliteta i mortaliteta, prirodnog prirasta te migracijskog salda na temelju kojeg je iznijet prikaz migracijskog vala koji je zahvatio župu Bogomolje krajem 19. stoljeća.
Tibetan Transitions uses the dual lenses of anthropology and demography to analyze population regulating mechanisms in traditional Tibetan societies, and to link recent fertility transitions with ...family systems, economic strategies, gender equity, and family planning ideologies.
Demography in Archaeology, first published in 2006, is a review of current theory and method in the reconstruction of populations from archaeological data. Starting with a summary of demographic ...concepts and methods, the book examines historical and ethnographic sources of demographic evidence before addressing the methods by which reliable demographic estimates can be made from skeletal remains, settlement evidence and modern and ancient biomolecules. Recent debates in palaeodemography are evaluated, new statistical methods for palaeodemographic reconstruction are explained, and the notion that past demographic structures and processes were substantially different from those pertaining today is critiqued. The book covers a wide span of evidence, from the evolutionary background of human demography to the influence of natural and human-induced catastrophes on population growth and survival. This is essential reading for any archaeologist or anthropologist with an interest in relating the results of field and laboratory studies to broader questions of population structure and dynamics.
Hay una tendencia actual a definir a la antropología demográfica como una propuesta nacida desde la antropología física. No obstante, este enfoque teórico-metodológico se fundamenta, desde sus ...inicios, en la profunda relación histórica entre la demografía y la antropología –esta última concebida desde una perspectiva holística, donde necesariamente convergen los modelos teóricos, métodos y técnicas de todas las ramas antropológicas–. Este artículo muestra el aditamento de elementos al método de la denominada arqueología demográfica, para la obtención y análisis de información con la finalidad de inferir la estructura demográfica de poblaciones extintas a través del cálculo de habitantes por asentamiento y vivienda mediante nuevas tecnologías para el análisis espacial. Recurrimos a un estudio de caso en torno al sitio olmeca de San Lorenzo, con la finalidad de exponer el potencial del enfoque y mostrar que las investigaciones desde este campo, concebido como parte integral de la antropología demográfica, tienen que desarrollarse necesariamente desde la intradisciplina, interdisciplina y transdisciplina, con la finalidad de contribuir a la comprensión de las variadas y complejas estructuras de las poblaciones humanas del pasado.
Nowadays, there is common perception that conceptualizes demographic anthropology as something born from physical anthropology. Nonetheless, this theoretical and methodological approach is based, since its inception, in the deeply rooted historical relation between demographics and anthropology — the latter understood in a holistic perspective, in which theories, methods and techniques from every anthropological discipline converge. The purpose of this paper is to advance a methodological reformulation of the so-called demographic archaeology, in order to be able to infer demographic structures from extinct populations through calculations of the number of inhabitants per household. We will turn to a case study of the Olmec site of San Lorenzo in order to expose the potential of the approach and show that research in this field, conceived as an integral part of a broader demographic anthropology, is necessarily developed through interdisciplinary, intradisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches, applying new technologies with the ultimate goal of contributing to the comprehension of the varied and complex dynamics of human populations.
In the last forty years anthropologists have made major contributions to understanding the heterogeneity of reproductive trends and processes underlying them.
A comprehensive study of the microevolution of Caribbean populations of African descent, this 2006 book reviews the conditions endured by the slaves during their passage and in the plantations and ...how these conditions may have affected their own health and that of their descendants. Providing an evolutionary framework for understanding the epidemiology of common modern-day diseases such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes, it also looks at infectious diseases and their effect on the genetic make-up of Afro-Caribbean populations. Also covered are population genetics studies that have been used to understand the microevolutionary pathways for various populations, and demographic characteristics including the relationships between migration, family type and fertility. Ending with a case study of the Afro-Caribbean population of Limón, Costa Rica, this book is an essential resource for researchers working in biological anthropology, demography, and epidemiology, and for those interested in the African diaspora in the New World.
PDF
