The population, as the human capital of a country, is a vast and complex political, social, economic, and security issue that today due to the decreased amount of births, it should be noted ...comprehensively and correctly to all aspects of decreasing births. Of course there is this challenge not only in decreasing births but also in improper distribution of population and high density of crowd in some areas and cities and the main reason for the decline in Iran's population growth rate is rooted in this issue that has not been taken into account, and the country will face many problems even with the increase of population. The importance of this issue is so that the Supreme Leader of Iran communicated the general population policies to the heads of the three forces. It seems the importance of indirect legislative demographic policies is so higher than the direct legislative policies and both of them should be concentrated to regionalism and also approved the comprehensive low on population regulation corresponding to clause 4 general policies of legislative system dated 28/ 9/ 2019 to implement of general population policies. Indeed. In according to restricted financial resource of government and effective affairs in increasing population, it is necessary to legislators and lawyers reforming the social security regulations, granting facilities and social – economic aids due to regionalism. In this way, not only the success rate of these policies will increase but also in addition to increasing the population, will help the balanced and proportionate distribution of population.
This study is devoted to the history of the formation of the ethnic identity of the Mari people in the Republic of Mari El. Particular attention is paid to the changes in the identification of Mari, ...which occurred in direct proportion to extralinguistic factors. The question of the role of language, confessional affiliation, historical past, relations with nature and mythological symbols that characterize the modern ethnic Mari identity is considered. The importance of the demographic imbalance in the Republic, which played the most significant role in shaping the character of the Mari, is emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to the increased interest of science in recent decades in the topic of ethnic and Russian identity. The identity of the Mari people has not been previously studied by the author of this work, although many problems of Mari El have been analyzed and described in detail: the language situation in different time periods, language policy, the legislative framework regarding languages and the education system, the history of the Mari literary language, its writing and a number of other sociolinguistic aspects. Unlike articles by other authors on the topic of Mari identity, the novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time the identity is shown in the process of formation, from antiquity to the present day. A characteristic of the identity of the Mari people, formed under the influence of a variety of factors, is compiled.
This article aims to highlight and evaluate initiatives of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government to diversify its economy away from oil dependency. This is accomplished via a qualitative ...methodology by collecting data through in‐depth interviews with government officials, experts, and academics to amass different views and perspectives on this matter. The findings show that the government has a clear vision for diversification, which is embodied in laws and policies for effectively executing a post‐oil strategy. Driven by economic sustainability and domestic concerns, vertical diversification strategies constitute the majority of UAE's economic diversification strategies and include: investing in research and development, attracting foreign direct investment, developing the petrochemical industry, manufacturing, tourism, aviation, financial services, banking hubs, logistical hubs, digital economy, and the knowledge economy. The UAE's diversification strategy is associated with many challenges. The economic challenges are global economic crises, oil price volatility, and exchange rate regime. The geopolitical challenges include regional conflicts and tensions. There are also cultural and social challenges pertaining to demographic imbalance and low Emirati's participation in the private sector.
Related Articles
Howie, Peter. 2018. “Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 110–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239
Khodr, Hiba, and Isabella Ruble. 2013. “Energy Policies and Domestic Politics in the MENA Region in the Aftermath of the Arab Upheavals: The Cases of Lebanon, Libya, and KSA.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 656–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12033
Mahler, Annegret. 2011. “Oil in Venezuela: Triggering Conflicts or Ensuring Stability? A Historical Comparative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 39(4): 583–611. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00305.x/
Estrategia post‐petróleo de los EAU: Examen de las estrategias y desafíos de diversificación
Este artículo tiene como objetivo destacar y evaluar las iniciativas del gobierno de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos (EAU) para diversificar su economía lejos de la dependencia del petróleo. Esto se logra a través de una metodología cualitativa mediante la recopilación de datos a través de entrevistas en profundidad con funcionarios gubernamentales, expertos y académicos para acumular diferentes puntos de vista y perspectivas sobre este tema. Los hallazgos muestran que el gobierno tiene una visión clara para la diversificación, que está plasmada en leyes y políticas para ejecutar de manera efectiva una estrategia post‐petróleo. Impulsadas por la sostenibilidad económica y las preocupaciones internas, las estrategias de diversificación vertical constituyen la mayoría de las estrategias de diversificación económica de los EAU e incluyen: invertir en investigación y desarrollo, atraer inversión extranjera directa (IED), desarrollar la industria petroquímica, manufactura, turismo, aviación, servicios financieros, hubs bancarios, hubs logísticos, economía digital y economía del conocimiento. La estrategia de diversificación de los EAU está asociada con muchos desafíos. Los desafíos económicos son las crisis económicas mundiales, la volatilidad de los precios del petróleo y el régimen cambiario. Los desafíos geopolíticos incluyen conflictos y tensiones regionales. También existen desafíos culturales y sociales relacionados con el desequilibrio demográfico y la baja participación de los emiratíes en el sector privado.
阿联酋的后石油战略:解析多样化战略和挑战
本研究旨在强调和评价阿联酋(UAE)政府为摆脱石油依赖而采取的经济多样化倡议。本研究住用定性方法论，通过与政府官员、专家及学者进行深度访谈，获取有关该主题的不同观点和看法并收集数据。研究结果表明，政府对多样化战略有清晰的展望，这体现于用于有效执行后石油战略(post‐oil strategy)的一系列法律和政策。受经济可持续发展和国内关切的驱动，纵向的多样化战略组成了阿联酋经济多样化战略的主体，这包括:投资研发、吸引外国直接投资(FDI)、发展石化产业、大量制造、旅游业、航空业、金融服务、银行枢纽、物流枢纽、数字经济以及知识经济。阿联酋的多样化战略与许多挑战相关。经济挑战包括:全球经济危机、石油价格波动、汇率制度；地缘政治挑战包括:区域冲突和紧张局势。最后，还存在文化挑战和社会挑战，它们有关于人口统计不平衡和埃米拉蒂人在私人部门中的低参与度。
China has stepped into middle-income status, which is characterised by demographic imbalance and huge discrepancy of resource utilisation, resulting in an imbalance of regional development. Using ...term frequency–inverse document frequency algorithm, the authors extract the resource keywords and construct the resource utilisation index. The authors then explore the impact of demographic structure on resource utilisation. The main conclusions are as follows: (i) according to the Moran Index, there are strong spatial autocorrelations in resource utilisation at the provincial level in China; (ii) the empirical results demonstrate that the regression coefficients of spatial lags are significant. This provides compelling evidences that the neighbouring regions have obvious spatial spillover effects on local resource utilisation; (iii) the authors’ findings also reveal that the total dependency ratio which reflects the demographic structure has a negative and significant effect on resource utilisation. With other explanatory variables held constant, the child-age dependency ratio and old-age dependency ratio perform differently in the robustness testing. Ultimately, targeted and systematic policy suggestions are proposed to improve resource utilisation and adjust the demographic structure.
This article examines the 'bachelor' as a key figure in Dubai's emergent urbanism. The recent surge in Dubai's population has seen the specter of a 'demographic imbalance' increasingly invoked in ...public discourse. Buttressing this discourse was a campaign to tackle 'overcrowding' by the municipality, at a time when its authority was being challenged by the so-called master developers planning 'New Dubai' in the urban periphery. The 'bachelor', I argue, is deployed as an objectified social type manifesting this imbalance and its misplacement in the city. While the 'bachelor' has already been noted in previous scholarship, this article focuses on the production of this category as a form of Othering. It examines how the moral threat arising from imbalance is identified with a particular segment of society through this social type, transposed onto their bodily abjection, mapped out in the city, and made available for control through the threat of removal.
Many recent studies indicate an alarming imbalance in the gender ratio in several countries. In some regions of China and India, there is an acute lack of women.
Many recent studies indicate an alarming imbalance in the gender ratio in several countries. In some regions of China and India, there is an acute lack of women.
The pay-as-you-go social security system, burdened by dwindling labour force, can benefit from immigrants, with birth rates that exceed the native-born birth rates. Thus, the social security system ...effectively provides an incentive to liberalize migration policy through a political-economy mechanism. The paper examines a dynamic political-economy mechanism through which the social security system influences the young decisive voter's attitudes in favour of a more liberal immigration regime. A Markov equilibrium with social security consists of a more liberal migration policy, than a corresponding equilibrium with no social security.
A model of indigenous revival for U.S. agriculture Ludwig, D.C. (The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH); Anderson, R.J
Journal of international food & agribusiness marketing,
(1992), Letnik:
4, Številka:
2
Journal Article
PDF
