Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2023. Genetic similarity among Dendrobium species from Indonesia using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 24: 5015-5021. Dendrobium genus orchids are one of the most popular ...commodities in the world due to their diverse range of flower sizes, shapes, and colors. To enhance plant breeding programs and genetic resources, it is necessary to obtain information on genetic similarity between orchids of the Dendrobium genus through molecular analysis techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic similarity among five Dendrobium species using molecular markers, specifically RAPD. The plant material used was obtained from five species of the Dendrobium spp, namely (i) Dendrobium mirbelianum; (ii) Dendrobium lamellatum, (iii) Dendrobium secundum, (iv) Dendrobium bracteosum, and (v) Dendrobium purpureum. The analysis was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of the Dendrobium orchids using RAPD markers. A total of five RAPD primers were used for amplification, namely OPD 8, OPA 7, OPA 13, OPB 12, and OPB 18. The scoring data were analyzed using NTSYS-pc (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) version 2.02 which produced data in the form of cluster dendrograms. The dendrogram that was constructed by Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) classified the five Dendrobium species into two main clusters. The results showed that there were two clusters, namely Cluster A consisting of D. mirbelianum, D. lamellatum, and D. secundum while Cluster B consisted of D. bracteosum and D. purpureum. Furthermore, the polymorphism of the five RAPD primers was very high, ranging from 91.6 to 100%, measuring 250-1900 bp. The coefficient of genetic similarity analyzed using the five RAPD primers ranged from 0.24 to 0.77. The species D. mirbelianum and D. lamellatum had a high coefficient of genetic similarity. Which can be discovered through parental selection in breeding program.
Data clustering is an important tool in data mining, that helps to retrieve useful data from large amount of available data. In this digital era data is available in abundance, but finding useful ...data has become a challenging task. For this, data clustering is an effective and common approach where we can group data by seeing some pattern or inherent data similarity in one group. Clustering is an unsupervised learning method of linearly separable and nonlinearly separable clusters widely used for different nature of application 1. Data clustering finds application in classification of patterns in different areas such as artificial intelligence, summarization, learning, segmentation, speech recognition, pattern recognition, image segmentation, biology, marketing, data mining, modelling and system identification etc 52425. No one clustering technique can be said as best or better than other, because different clustering algorithms co-exists and are application specific. This paper majorly emphasises on critical review of clustering algorithms used in control systems, but a brief overview is also given about all major algorithms.
Laportea aestuans L. (Chew), Commelina virginica (L.) and Sida rhombifolia (L.) are common wild plants used in treating several ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, hernia, oedema, ulcers and many ...more in traditional African medicine especially, Nigeria. The potentials of Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers in delimiting intra-specific variation in L. aestuans, C. virginica and S. rhombifolia was assessed using three RAPD primers. Plant and soil samples were collected from 19 local government areas in Lagos State and assessed for genetic and biochemical relationships. A total of 56 bands were produced of which 44 were polymorphic. Maximum number of bands (21) was produced by OPY20 while OPC04 produced minimum number of bands (14). The maximum and minimum percentage polymorphisms were 100% (OPC04) and 50% (OPA12), The dendrogram of genetic diversity had a genetic distance range of 0.57 to 1.00, 0.58 to 1.00 and 0.52 to 1.00 and clustered at 0.57, 0.58, 0.52 implying 57%, 58%, 52% similarity and 43%, 42% and 48% variability for L. aestuans, C. virginica and S. rhombifolia respectively. Results of phytochemical analysis show that S. rhombifolia is particularly high in steroids (I134.19±0.23), flavonoids (118.65±0.18), phenolics (125.25±1.43), alkaloids (63.56±0.11) and triterpenes (72.44±0.12) but low in saponins (23.29±0.05), glycosides (6.79±0.01) and tannins (7.10±0.02).
Okra is an important vegetable crop, but its optimal production is constrained by a myriad of problems including pests, poor agronomic practices, and improper varietal identification among others. A ...study was carried out to determine the field performance and contribution of agronomic characters to overall variation in eighteen okra genotypes over two locations, Teaching and Research Farms of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria and Rehoboth Farms Limited, Moniya, Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiments were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and data were collected on number of days to emergence, number of days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, plant height, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, number of ridges per pod, 100 seed weight, seed, and pod yield. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, heritability in the broad sense, principal component analysis as well as the single linkage cluster analysis. Results revealed significant (
<0.05) variation in the genotypes and high heritability estimates for most of the characters. Number of branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant accounted for the highest contributor to variations in the accessions while clustering analysis revealed genotypes; NGB00303, NGB00342 and NGB00346 were distant from all genotypes making them useful materials for hybridization studies.
Lestari NKD, Deswiniyanti NW, Sari NKY, Murna IM, Rizqy AN. 2023. Morphological relationships and cross compatibility of seven Dendrobium species in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3550-3558. The ...development of Dendrobium hybrid orchids in Indonesia has received less attention. This study aimed to obtain the morphological characteristics and taxonomical relationships of Dendrobium species, their interspecific and intersectional compatibility for hybridization, as well as the fertility of hybridized Dendrobium orchids. Seven Dendrobium species from several sections were used, namely D. phalaenopsis, D. lineale, D. stratiotes, D. macrophyllum, D. nobile, D. heterocarpum and D. bracteosum. We characterized the seven species based on morphological traits and investigated the taxonomical relationships using hierarchical cluster analysis by dendrogram charts. We then crossed the seven species to produce hybrids and the hybrids were then cultured in vitro. The hybridization and in vitro culture data were analyzed using an ANOVA test with Duncan's post hoc test when the results significantly differed. The results showed that the taxonomical relationship was clustered based on the sections of each Dendrobium species. The highest percentage of hybridization compatibility was found in D. phalaenopsis and D. lineale with 61.9% while the lowest was in D. nobile, and D. bracteosum (0%). Germination percentages in in vitro culture ranged from 40% to 100% for both interspecific and intersectional crosses, except for intersectional crosses of D. nobile, which failed to germinate. The findings of this study suggest that the results of interspecies and intersectional crossing showed that the highest compatibility was indicated by D. phalaenopsis and D. lineale. Therefore, they are highly recommended as the parents of hybrid orchids.
Coffee is a perennial plant planted on Bangka Island by farmers. Exploration of coffee plants was carried out to see several developed varieties that could be grown on Bangka Island. This study aims ...to determine the diverse morphological character, phenetic relationship, and variability of folk coffee plants in Bangka. This research was conducted in October 2021-April 2022 in Bangka, Central Bangka and South Bangka. This research was conducted using explorative and descriptive methods. Sampling is carried out randomly to determine the sampling location and data collection. The data from quantitative research were analyzed using variability, while phenetic relationships were analyzed using the UPGMA method (uneweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) with the NTSYS-pc application (numerical taxonomy software and multivariate analysis system). The results of the analysis of phenetic relationships of qualitative characters resulted in a degree of similarity of coefficients at 53% within coffee of melabun, kota kapur, puput and paku. Analysis of quantitative and combined character phenetic relationships between coffee and puput resulted in a degree of co-efficiency similarity at 25% and 42%. The variability of quantitative character analysis is widespread on plant height and number of flowers per node.
Concepts and applications in functional diversity Mammola, Stefano; Carmona, Carlos P.; Guillerme, Thomas ...
Functional ecology,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik:
35, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding of biological diversity and its change across space and time. ...Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise the critical value of looking at species and communities from a functional perspective, and this has led to a proliferation of methods for estimating contrasting dimensions of functional diversity.
Differences between these methods and their development generated terminological inconsistencies and confusion about the selection of the most appropriate approach for addressing any particular ecological question, hampering the potential for comparative studies, simulation exercises and meta‐analyses.
Two general mathematical frameworks for estimating functional diversity are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, functional dendrograms) and those relying on multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes.
We review these frameworks, discuss their strengths and weaknesses and provide an overview of the main R packages performing these calculations. In parallel, we propose a way for organising functional diversity metrics in a unified scheme to quantify the richness, divergence and regularity of species or individuals under each framework. This overview offers a roadmap for confidently approaching functional diversity analyses both theoretically and practically.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Background: Variety characterization is the foremost important step that should be done by breeders to classify a variety into distinct groups. A significant technique for locating and assessing ...several genotypes for the registration, protection and production of seeds of superior quality is the Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) characterization. Consequently, the current investigation aimed to use DUS descriptors to describe and assess the variance present in mungbean genotypes. Methods: One hundred forty-two mungbean genotypes were examined using 21 agro-morphological qualitative DUS descriptors in a randomized block design with two replications across two seasons, kharif 2021 and kharif 2022. Result: In the twenty-one DUS traits that were examined, four characters’ plant growth habit, leaf shape, leaf size and seed size exhibited trimorphic variance. Three characters (plant habit, stem pubescence and pod pubescence) were found to be identical among all genotypes while fourteen characters displayed dimorphic variance. All of the mungbean genotypes displayed a significant degree of variance for all DUS characteristics. Based on the UPGMA method of clustering, the dendrogram classified all the one hundred forty-two genotypes into three major clusters. The presence of variation among the genotypes under study was demonstrated by the further classification of these primary clusters into five sub-clusters. The majority of the genotypes were found in cluster II (121 genotypes), which was followed by cluster I (18 genotypes) and cluster III (3 genotypes).
A group of clearwing moths Sesiidae (Syn.: Aegeriidae) is analyzed here with special emphasis on genetics of currant clearwing moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis, CLERCK 1759). DNA sequences of the ...longest (1544 nt) available sequence of Sesiidae genes Co1 (cytochrome oxidase subunit-1 of mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) (mtDNA; NCBI# AJ864359.1) were analyzed after In silico data mining, and dendrogram was edited to reveal molecular diversity and genetic distances among Sesiidae species. Batesian mimicry, sexual dimorphism, and genetics and genomics of Sesiidae are indicated.
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