The amino acid glutamine (Gln) is a likely source of energy in the brain during neuroglucopenia. Effects of glucose deficiency on astrocyte Gln homeostasis remain unclear, as analytical tools of ...requisite sensitivity for quantification of intracellular levels of this molecule are not currently available. Here, a primary hypothalamic astrocyte culture model was used in conjunction with design of experiments (DOE)‐refined high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) methodology to investigate the hypothesis that glucoprivation alters astrocyte Gln content in a sex‐specific manner. Critical mass spectrometric parameters for Gln derivative chromatographic response were identified by comparing the performance of central composite design, Box–Behnken design, and Optimal Design (OD)‐A, ‐D, ‐I, ‐Distance, and ‐Modified Distance DOE models. The outcomes showed that the OD‐A‐generated response was superior relative to other design outcomes. Forecasted surface plot critical mass spectrometric parameters were maximized by OD‐A, OD‐Distance, and OD‐Modified Distance designs. OD‐A produced a high‐performance method that yielded experimental run and forecasted surface plot maximal responses. Optimized mass spectrometric analysis of male versus female astrocyte Gln content provides novel evidence that glucoprivation significantly depletes this amino acid in female, but not in male, and that this sex‐specific response may involve differential sensitivity to estrogen receptor signaling. This technological advance will facilitate efforts to ascertain how distinctive physiological and pathophysiological stimuli impact astrocyte Gln metabolism in each sex.
On rediscovering surroundings when information goes everywhere. The world is filling with ever more kinds of media, in ever more contexts and formats. Glowing rectangles have become part of the ...scene; screens, large and small, appear everywhere. Physical locations are increasingly tagged and digitally augmented. Amid this flood, your attention practices matter more than ever. You might not be able to tune this world out. So it is worth remembering that underneath all these augmentations and data flows, fixed forms persist, and that to notice them can improve other sensibilities. In Ambient Commons , Malcolm McCullough explores the workings of attention through a rediscovery of surroundings. McCullough describes what he calls the Ambient: an increasing tendency to perceive information superabundance whole, where individual signals matter less and at least some mediation assumes inhabitable form. He explores how the fixed forms of architecture and the city play a cognitive role in the flow of ambient information. As a persistently inhabited world, can the Ambient be understood as a shared cultural resource, to be socially curated, voluntarily limited, and self-governed as if a commons? Ambient Commons invites you to look past current obsessions with smart phones to rethink attention itself, to care for more situated, often inescapable forms of information.
Flourish by Design brings together a range of established and emerging voices in design research for a collection that provides original provocations on topics of global significance. It is an ...insightful guide to original theory and practice concerning how we can design for a better tomorrow. Featuring contributors from a diverse array of backgrounds and professions, this edited book explores the difference that design and design research can make for people, organisations, and the planet to prosper now and in the future. It offers a range of ideas and techniques through practical examples and ongoing projects showing how applied design research can respond to global challenges. Covering topics as diverse as artificial intelligence, bio-inspired materials, more-than-human design, sustainability, and urban acupuncture, it shares interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary design research not just to demonstrate what could be plausible in the near future but also to explain why it might be preferable. By sharing these despatches, this collection represents the very best of what design research can do, explaining how and why. This book is intended for a wide audience of professionals, scholars, and students in design, architecture, and public policy, as well as anyone who has an interest in how we design the world and, in turn, it designs us.
Children are one of the largest new user groups of mobile technology -- from phones to micro-laptops to electronic toys. These products are both lauded and criticized, especially when it comes to ...their role in education and learning. The need has never been greater to understand how these technologies are being designed and to evaluate their impact worldwide. Mobile Technology for Children brings together contributions from leaders in industry, non-profit organizations, and academia to offer practical solutions for the design and the future of mobile technology for children. *First book to present a multitude of voices on the design, technology, and impact of mobile devices for children and learning *Features contributions from leading academics, designers, and policy makers from nine countries, whose affiliations include Sesame Workshop, LeapFrog Enterprises, Intel, the United Nations, and UNICEF *Each contribution and case study is followed by a best practice overview to help readers consider their own research and design and for a quick reference
Design Objects and the Museum brings together leading design historians, curators, educators and archivists to consider the place of contemporary design objects within museums. Contributors draw on a ...wide range of 20th century and contemporary examples from international museums to consider how design objects have been curated and displayed within and beyond the museum. The book continues contemporary global debates on the ways in which museums of design engage and educate their public. Chapters are grouped into three thematic sections addressing The Canon and Design in the Museum; Positioning Design within and Beyond the Museum; and Interpretation and the Challenge of Design, with chapters exploring museological practice and issues, the roles people play in creating meaning, and the challenges contemporary design presents to interpretation and learning within the museum.
In this paper, we showed how a bulky Axicon lens can be transformed to a compact binary zone plate with conical phase profile. We built three zone plates made of three different materials and ...designed each zone plate to be used in high sensitivity refractive index sensing. This work is complementary to another work we have done before in which we showed mathematically how maximum sensitivity can be achieved in case of using an Axicon lens in sensing. The zone plates are designed to generate a Bessel-Gauss beam at the wavelength of 3.3 microns at which the absorption of methane gas is maximum leading to a maximum change in the refractive index. The generated intensity in the output is very sensitive to any slight change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Therefore, if an optical detector is positioned at the point of maximum change in the intensity with refractive index, we can easily measure the change in refractive index and hence the percentage of the gas with very high sensitivity.
El Proyecto de Investigación 4.3 pretende indagar sobre los panoramas diagnósticos y/o propositivos que se mueven dentro de las principales problemáticas del campo proyectual y disciplinar, ...relacionados con las demandas a las que se enfrenta el diseño en la contemporaneidad. Reflexiona sobre cinco categorías temáticas que cubren algunas de las demandas actuales y proyectivas del diseño del plano local y global relacionadas: el Diseño para la Transición, los Ecomateriales, la Teoría del Diseño, el Diseño Estratégico y la Economía Circular. Se articula en dos partes (a) El Diseñador como agente de cambio iniciado en el Proyecto 4.2 fundamentalmente con el Informe de Impacto de la Implementación de la Experiencia Diseño en Perspectiva (Cuaderno 80: 173-239); y (b) con la apertura del Proyecto 4.3 cuyas exploraciones basan su nombre en la idea del desarrollo de lentes potencialmente útiles para el desarrollo de visiones de futuros sostenibles.
Applied Design Research Peter Joore; Jeroen van den Eijnde; Guido Stompff
2022, 20220619, Letnik:
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eBook
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Design and research are two fields of knowledge that each has its traditions, methods, standards and practices. These two worlds appear to be quite separate, with researchers investigating what ...exists, and designers visualising what could be. This book builds a bridge between both worlds by showing how design and research can be integrated to develop a new field of knowledge. Applied Design Research: A Mosaic of 22 Examples, Experiences and Interpretations Focussing on Bridging the Gap between Practice and Academics contains 22 inspiring reflections that demonstrate how the unique qualities of research (aimed at studdying the present) and design (aimed at developing the future) can be combined. This book shows that the transdisciplinary approach is applicable in a multitude of sectors, ranging from healthcare, urban planning, circular economy, and the food industry. Arranged in five parts, the book offers a range of illustrative examples, experiences, methods, and interpretations. Together they make up the characteristic of a mosaic, each piece contributing a part of the complete picture, and all pieces together offering a multi-facted perspective of what applied design research is, how it is implemented and what the reader can expect from it. This book with its bearings in practice can enthuse early-stage researchers with the diversity of its examples, while more senior design researchers may recognize themselves in the depth of the experiences described and be inspired by them. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
A system-level design optimization method under the framework of a deterministic approach was presented for electrical drive systems in our previous work, in which not only motors but also the ...integrated control schemes were designed and optimized to achieve good steady and dynamic performances. However, there are many unavoidable uncertainties (noise factors) in the industrial manufacturing process, such as material characteristics and manufacturing precision. These will result in big fluctuations for the product's reliability and quality in mass production, which are not investigated in the deterministic approach. Therefore, a robust approach based on the technique of design for six sigma is presented for the system-level design optimization of drive systems to improve the reliability and quality of products in batch production in this work. Meanwhile, two system-level optimization frameworks are presented for the proposed method, namely, single-level (only at the system level) and multilevel frameworks. Finally, a drive system is investigated as an example, and detailed results are presented and discussed. It can be found that the reliability and quality levels of the investigated drive system have been greatly increased by using the proposed robust approach.
Based on the fundamentals of electromagnetics, this clear and concise text explains basic and applied principles of transformer and inductor design for power electronic applications. It details both ...the theory and practice of inductors and transformers employed to filter currents, store electromagnetic energy, provide physical isolation between circuits, and perform stepping up and down of DC and AC voltages.The authors present a broad range of applications from modern power conversion systems. They provide rigorous design guidelines based on a robust methodology for inductor and transformer design. They offer real design examples, informed by proven and working field examples.Key features include:emphasis on high frequency design, including optimisation of the winding layout and treatment of non-sinusoidal waveformsa chapter on planar magnetic with analytical models and descriptions of the processing technologiesanalysis of the role of variable inductors, and their applications for power factor correction and solar powerunique coverage on the measurements of inductance and transformer capacitance, as well as tests for core losses at high frequencyworked examples in MATLAB, end-of-chapter problems, and an accompanying website containing solutions, a full set of instructors’ presentations, and copies of all the figures.Covering the basics of the magnetic components of power electronic converters, this book is a comprehensive reference for students and professional engineers dealing with specialised inductor and transformer design. It is especially useful for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering and electrical energy systems, and engineers working with power supplies and energy conversion systems who want to update their knowledge on a field that has progressed considerably in recent years.
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