Laser Ignition of DAAF, DHT and DAATO3.5 Ali, Arif N.; Sandstrom, Mary M.; Oschwald, David M. ...
Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics,
October 2005, Letnik:
30, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
CO2 laser ignition experimental results are reported for the high‐nitrogen materials 3,6‐dihydrazino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DHT), 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF), and mixed N‐oxides of ...3,3′‐azo‐bis(6‐amino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine) (DAATO3.5, where the “3.5” indicates the average oxide content) at a maximum irradiance level of approximately 140 W/cm2. Diagnostics include a photodiode, indium antimonide (InSb) IR detector, high speed (HS) video and a CO2 photodetector. “First light” is measured for DAATO3.5 and DAAF, however, due to the low visible light emission of the gas phase, thermal runaway, as measured by the InSb, is used as the ignition criterion for DHT. Ignition in the gas phase is captured by the high speed camera. It is observed that an increase in laser irradiance results in an increase in ignition and flame stand‐off distance for DAATO3.5. The high‐nitrogen material laser ignition results are compared to the common nitramine explosive, octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX). Laser ignition delays for the different high‐nitrogen materials are also compared in the context of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data. It is determined that DSC onset temperature, while a rough indicator of ignition delay trends, is not the equivalent of a direct measure of ignition temperature.
V članku so prikazane negovalne diagnoze pri ginekoloških bolnicah. Operacijska medicinska sestra na podlagi njih načrtuje, izvaja in vrednoti zdravstveno nego. Predstavljen je tudi obisk operacijske ...medicinske sestre pri bolnicah, ki čakajo na operacijo. Ti obiski se izvajajo na ginekološkem oddelku Splošne bolnišnice Maribor od 1. februarja 2002.
Neuroblastoma Cheung, Nai-Kong V; Cohn, Susan L
2005, 2006-01-15
eBook
Neuroblastoma is a medical enigma. As a childhood neoplasm arising from neural crest cells, it is characterized by diverse clinical behaviors ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid tumor ...progression and death. Although clinical outcome can be predicted to a large extent by the stage of disease and the age at diagnosis, an in-depth understanding of its clinico-pathological behavior, now greatly aided by sophisticated molecular genetic profiling, will improve diagnostic precision and refine risk-based therapies. Comprehensive international efforts have advanced our understanding of tumor biology and improved the clinical management of children with neuroblastoma. This book reviews our current understanding of the genes and biological pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma pathogenesis, modern risk-based treatment approaches for these patients, and recent advances in biologically based therapy. It provides a concise up-to-date reference for practitioners, students, and researchers.
Clinical Cardiac MRI Bogaert, Jan; Dymarkowski, Steven; Taylor, Andrew M
2005
eBook
MRI has become the preferred noninvasive imaging modality for the heart and great vessels. The substantial technological progress achieved in recent years has provided the user with state-of-the-art ...MRI systems, but their optimal use can be limited by restricted awareness of the potential patient benefit and the necessity for teaching. This extensively illustrated volume, together with the accompanying CD-ROM, has been specifically compiled to meet these needs. Essential theoretical background information is provided, and imaging acquisition and potential pitfalls are considered in detail. Most importantly, structured guidelines are provided on the interpretation of clinical data in the wide range of cardiac pathology that can be encountered. Throughout, the emphasis is on the implementation of cardiac MRI in clinical practice.
Over the past 20 years, the field of biosensor research have had a significant impact in both laboratory research and the commercial sector. Over that period, biosensors have revolutionised the care ...and management of diabetes and have had important impacts in several other areas of clinical diagnostics. Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific have all seen the rise of small and medium sized companies seeking technical and application niches in the manufacture or use of biosensors. The current activity in both gene and protein 'biochips' can be seen as the latest set of tools that allow users who are not analytical science practitioners to make technically complex and reliable measurements with the minimum of intervention. Similarly the concern about the dissemination of chemical or biological weapons and the need for their rapid and reliable detection will need to be met by devices that have many characteristics in common with biosensors.
A survey of PET activity in Germany during 1999 BRIX, Gunnar; NOSSKE, Dietmar; GLATTING, Gerhard ...
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging,
08/2002, Letnik:
29, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most powerful molecular imaging technique currently available for clinical use. The aim of this study was to provide public health information on PET ...procedures carried out in Germany - a country with a very high number of PET installations. To this end, all facilities that in 1999 were running at least one dedicated PET system were contacted and requested to provide information in a questionnaire on the radiopharmaceuticals applied, the total number and age distribution of patients and volunteers examined, the main diagnostic applications and the range of administered activities. Based on the information provided by 48 of the 60 PET facilities in Germany, an annual frequency of about 0.34 PET procedures per 1,000 inhabitants was estimated, associated with an annual per capita effective dose of about 1.9 micro Sv. Averaged over all PET procedures, the mean effective dose to patients was 5.6 mSv. The age distribution of patients and volunteers was skewed markedly towards higher ages; only a very small fraction (<3%) of patients were children younger than 15 years while older patients, and especially those in the age group between 41 and 65 years, were overrepresented relative to the general population. In total, 28 different PET radiopharmaceuticals were used, with only half of these having been administered to more than 20 patients each. The most frequently applied radiotracer was the glucose analogue 2-(18)Ffluoro-2-deoxy- D-glucose (FDG), which was utilised in more than 84% of all PET procedures. For this tracer, the median value for activities applied for examinations in the three-dimensional (3D) acquisition mode was only half of that used for two-dimensional (2D) measurements. Based on a statistical analysis of the distribution of mean FDG activities administered to patients in the 48 PET facilities who responded to our inquiry, diagnostic reference levels of 370 and 200 MBq are proposed for the 2D and the 3D mode, respectively.
