Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies ...neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing.
This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria’s dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens).
Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a north-western Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology.
The variation of the two past tense auxiliaries (HAVE and BE) is a well-studied phenomenon in European languages, especially in the West Germanic varieties. So far, however, the situation in Eastern ...Yiddish has not been examined. This paper focuses on auxiliary selection in these Yiddish dialects based on data from the Language and Culture Archive of Ashkenazic Jewry, which were collected in the 1960s. Like most of the current works on this topic, the following analysis uses and discusses Sorace’s (1993, 2000) Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy, which allows to examine the Yiddish structures in light of historical and diatopic evidence from other Germanic varieties, particularly German and Dutch. The main focus is on intransitive verbs that show a high degree of variation—state verbs, controlled and uncontrolled motional process verbs, and change-of-state verbs. However, the Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy also has weaknesses, as is demonstrated in the following.*
The article is a review of the first volume of An ideographic dialectal dictionary of the Bulgarian language. One of the crucial distinguishing features of the dictionary are the entry words, which ...are lexemes of literary Bulgarian naming the particular concepts. The entries are listed alphabetically but in keeping with the conceptual, onomasiological order. The particular entries contain all the registered dialectal forms along with their phonetic and morphological variants and information on the variants’ geographical distribution. Such way of presentation is supposed to provide a full picture of the equivalents of the general-language lexeme (concept) and demonstrate the diversity, lexical richness and nominational capabilities of Bulgarian dialects, while the choice of particular motivational features in the formation of words is supposed to reflect the specifics of the language users’ culture. The dictionary also contains words with no equivalents in the general language, a fact that allows for establishing the thematic groups (or semantic circles) in which Bulgarian dialects developed lexis that is peculiar to them.
The article is devoted to a new object of dialectology – a language personality. This is the phenomenon of specific social and personal traits of an individual native speaker being reflected in the ...text the speaker creates. It analyzes the research that arose at the junction of traditional dialectology and the theory of lingvopersonology that is being performed today by Russian dialectologists. The author examines the main projects that study the speech of an individual dialect speaker, typical features of the individuals under research, types of sources used by scientists, classical and new methods of collecting and analyzing speech material, and aspects of research of individual speech of representatives of national dialects. Prospects of this research for dialectology and other fields of the science of language are identified.
The linguistic description of the dialect of Vyšneve (Černihiv, Ukraine) can be considered a milestone of a more comprehensive dialectal and sociolinguistic study on the dialects spoken along the ...Ukrainian-Belarusian and, to a lesser extent, Russian border areas of eastern Polissia. Some of the most representative features of the Vyšneve dialect and its relation to Belarusian have already been the object of previous linguistic analysis.
The village is situated about 35 km north-east of the city of Černihiv (regional centre); 12 km south-east of the town of Ripky (former district centre). The distance to the Belarusian border is approximately 35 kilometers. Only the former district of Horodjans’k separates Vyšneve from the region of Brjansk (Russian Federation).
The factual material examined in this article aims to complete previous research gaps and, at the same time, intends to foster further theoretical reflections about the origin of these border dialects. The analysis of this local dialect (which includes the phonetic-phonological, morpho-syntactic and lexical levels) in fact lays the foundation for successive and more advanced stages of research on the Ukrainian-Belarusian-Russian border dialects. In this contribution the dialectal features will be systematically compared with both the neighbouring Belarusian dialects spoken along the Ukrainian-Belarusian continuum and with the nearby southern Russian dialects, particularly with their western group. The latter, in fact, shares with the neighbouring Ukrainian and Belarusian border dialects a series of isoglosses and idiosyncratic traits.
The paper discusses the accent of kako ‘how’, tako ‘thus’, ovako ‘this way’, onako ‘that way’ and some other related words (like nikako ‘no way’, nekako ‘somehow’) primarily in Štokavian and Čakavian ...from a dialectological (including standard-dialect sources) and historical perspective (going back to Common Slavic). The alternation kȁko ‘how’ — kàko ̮ je < kakȍ ̮ je ‘how is’ is discussed in some detail.
The higher numerals in Ossetic Kim, Ronald I
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis,
2022, Letnik:
139, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper examines the formal prehistory of the cardinal numerals above “ten” from Proto-Iranian to Ossetic. Despite the widespread adoption in Ossetic of a vigesimal system of counting and semantic ...shift of “thousand” and “ten thousand” to generalized terms for large amounts, the evolution of these numerals may be reconstructed in detail. Noteworthy features are the general conservatism of the teens; retention of rtin ‘thirty’ (cf. Vedicj ‘twenty’, the nasal from Proto-Indo-Iranian in Digor ins ppors*, Iron cyppurs ‘Christmas’viṁśatí-, triṁśát-); survival of an older variant of ‘forty’ in Digor c < ‘(festival) of forty (days)’; and extension of Proto-Iranian *-āti from ‘many, much; very’, Iron bir‘seventy’ and ‘eighty’ to ‘fifty’ and ‘sixty’. Digor be(u)r continues a thematized plural *baiwar-ai of Proto-Iranian *baiwar/n- ‘ten thousand’; ) ‘countless number, myriad’rʒ (rz ‘hundred’ and dif s < ‘thousand’ also go back to preforms in *-ai, they were either remodeled after *baiwar-ai or generalized from duals, e.g. *duwai ćatai ‘two hundred’. The limited evidence for earlier stages of the language is given full consideration, including Sarmatian onomastics, word lists in early modern European sources, and the testimony of loanwords.
The paper summarizes nine decades of the Slovenská reč journal with a thematic focus on regional dialects and their scholarly reflection in the texts published therein. First and foremost, it ...presents articles of a dialectological nature but, in justified cases, attention is also paid to articles from other linguistic areas or approaches, as long as they bring relevant information about dialects (their reception and evaluation, development and functioning). As the results of the analysis show, the golden era of dialectology and dialects in the journal was the period of the 1970s through the 1990s, when not only the number of dialectologically oriented contributions increased but their material relevance, interpretive plausibility, and thus overall scholarly value intensified.
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