The paper presents the results of diglossia research in the speech of Vranje.
This is a survey conducted through the poll of two groups of representatives
of the Vranje vernacular. Groups of final ...year high school students from
Vranje and teachers teaching in the same schools were selected. In this way,
social variables were monitored: origin, age, education and gender. Typical
features of Vranje speech were selected from the language variables:
consonant dz (dzindza), semi-vowel ? (dan?s), vocative in -e (strinke),
enclitic pronouns (gu, gi, ne, ni, ve, vi), the analytical declination (s
majku mi, s mene, na mene mi vika, davam na njega), present 3rd person
plural in -v, present participle, masculine, singular in -??, future forms
without infinitives (ce padnes, ce dodje), lexeme tatko. The above
categories also include additional dialectic features marked by Vranje
speech: verb forms in -n?-, possessive dative, object reduplication, express
analyticism in declination, analyticism in conjugation. The aim of the
research is to determine whether diglossive behavior is intrinsic to native
Vranje speakers and how code switching occurs in certain speech situations.
Speakers? attitudes toward dialect use were also examined. The conclusion is
that male speakers of both ages and education levels are mostly interested
in maintaining the dialect. The smallest number of speakers who are in the
care of the dialect and use the dialect in everyday conversation is in the
group of highly educated women. The majority of interviewed Vranjanians are
aware of their ability to control speech, which means that they are prone to
diglossive behavior. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data
collected revealed that young male Vranjanian people are most attached to
the dialect, and that women of higher education use dialectal elements in
speech in the least. The dialectal lines that are most amenable to
adaptation could be presented in the order of susceptibility levels:
consonant dz, semi-vowel ?, vocative in -e, present 3rd person plural in -v,
-?? form, enclitic gu, enclitic gi, enclitics ne, ni, ve, vi, lexis, the
analytical declination, infinitives. Such an analysis of the selection of
dialect features in order to adapt to the standard also points to the
possible internal development of the dialect itself. This would mean that
the most subtle lines would gradually disappear from the dialectal
structure. It is uncertain whether they will be completely lost and when
such changes will occur.
nema
In this article we assess the extent to which we can collect plausible data about regional dialect variation using crowdsourcing techniques – the BBC Future Survey – without explicitly gathering any ...user metadata, but relying instead on background information collected by Google Analytics. In order to do this, we compare this approach with another crowdsourced survey, operated from a smartphone application, which examines the same site – the British Isles – but which explicitly asks users to submit detailed social background information – the English Dialects App (EDA) (
). The EDA has the disadvantage that there is a considerable user drop-off between completing the dialect survey and completing the social metadata questionnaire. The BBC Future Survey, however, only collects information on where users are physically located when they complete the survey – not where they are from or even where they live. Results show that the BBC Future Survey produces a plausible snapshot of regional dialect variability that can complement other more sophisticated (expensive, time-consuming) approaches to investigating language variation and change. We suggest the approach constitutes a digital-era rapid anonymous survey along the lines of
, serving similar aims, with similar success, but on a much much larger scale.
The career of dialectologist Mahmud bin Huseyn bin Muhammed al-Kashgari (1854-1926), who compiled the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (Compendium of Turkic Dialects), is explored.
Straipsnyje aprašoma tarminių punktų sampratos kaita, t. y. parodomas kelias, kuriuo eina Lietuvos vietinių kalbos variantų duomenų bazės, arba Tarmyno, modelio kūrėjai, kad Lietuvių kalbos atlaso ...(LKA) punktai virstų Tarmyno punktais. Pastarieji, pasitelkus GIS priemones, Tarmyne traktuojami jau kaip Thiesseno poligonai (angl. Thiessen polygons). Remiantis šia Thiesseno poligonų metodika, Tarmyne išlaikyta LKA punktų ir punktų tinklo samprata, kuri yra labai artima Antano Salio dar XX a. viduryje sudarytam punktų tinklui. Tarmyne kompleksiškai taikomos GIS priemonės leidžia objektyviai įvertinti punktų gyvybingumą, kuriuo remiantis galima statistiškai patikimai prognozuoti vietinių kalbos variantų kaitą.
The article investigates how lexemes within the lexical field “Money” are used in the Russian dialects of Old Believers spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Uruguay. The study addresses the use ...of recently borrowed names for monetary units as well as of the original Russian nouns. The dialectal material is compared with the data from the Dictionary of Contemporary Russian Colloquial Language and from a variety of dialectal dictionaries. Special attention is given to the names for Russian monetary units rublʹ and kopejka. The word kopejka has retained some of the original Russian figurative meanings and developed a new one. The fact that kopejka has not fallen into disuse in the figurative meaning is not surprising given that original Russian idioms are very well preserved in the dialects in question, including those with kopejka (the latter are analysed in the article). The study has demonstrated significant similarity between the Old Believers’ dialects in South America and Russian varieties spoken in Russia with respect to the semantic field “Money”. At the same time, the analysis has revealed several properties which are unique to the Old Believers’ dialects. These include deviations in lexical meaning, in collocational and stylistic properties, and in usage.
The present study explores the images of standard Lithuanian of young people at a gymnasium located in the area of the standard language. The data were obtained from a questionnaire based on the ...methodological principles of perceptual dialectology. The image of the standard language in the consciousness of the respondents emerges from the analysis of the questionnaire data: the frequency of linguistic codes, the mental maps of the standard language areas, and associations of the standard language. The analysis of the data shows that the gymnasium students tend to distance themselves from the regional linguistic code. The respondents’ disassociation from the local variety and their stronger preference for the code of the standard language is probably related to their sense of language security in the area of the linguistic homeland (including that of the standard language). The mental maps show that the young people associate the standard Lithuanian with the larger or smaller area of central Lithuania, which includes cities (Kaunas, Vilnius), adjacent non-dialect areas (Jonava, Kaišiadorys), and one or two dialect zones; it nearly overlaps the area of the standard language delineated in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Vilnius is the part of this image – probably of its status of the capital city and a significant social, cultural, and urban centre of attraction. The gymnasium students think that speakers of the standard language are city dwellers first and foremost, while the mental connection between the code of standard language and education occurs less often. Such views might have emerged due to the location of the city – hence that of the respondents’ linguistic homeland. Identifying the standard language user as an ordinary person or a Lithuanian could most likely be explained by the fact that the standard language is not only a national language to the young people: it is also an equivalent of their linguistic code. The gymnasium students do not associate the standard language with linguistic norms (the correct use of language). The consistency of the young generation’s attitudes (both those visualised on the maps and verbalised in the questionnaire answers) suggests the high value of the variety spoken in the area they associate with the standard language. The results of the study provide insights into the functioning, vitality, and continuity of the standard language in this area.
Vištytis habitat belongs to the western part of Western Highlanders of Kaunas. The border of East Prussia has been in this area, so these environs until are often called as paprūsė region. There is ...described location of Vištytis habitat in the Lithuanian dialect classification, specific features and dialectal attitudes of speakers in the beginning of the twenty-first century. The results of this research are discussed in comparing to other similar studies of Western Highlanders of Kaunas. The investigation revealed that the speakers of Vištytis sub-dialect tend to consider local speech variant as standard Lithuanian language. The local speech was evaluated by the speakers as partially non-correct, but attractive. This attitude was mostly determined by aspects of intelligibility and conventionality of the local speech code. Evaluation of dialectal speech in Vištytis habitat for the most part coincides with common self–evaluation pattern of Western Highlanders of Kaunas. The short linguistic distance to standard language, fairly high prestige of dialectal speech and the same language code in all linguistic situations are most representative characteristics of this pattern.
Intercomprehension reveals itself as a very powerful tool at the service of speakers of Romance languages. From the point of view of translation, the linguistic similarities between languages is of ...great help, because, thanks to this, the translator can render to their mother tongue the message worded in a different Romance text without having to use contrived devices. In light of this overall picture, the translator into present-day Spanish of the Second Day of Moderata Fonte’s Il merito delle donne focuses on the drawbacks raised by the translating into contemporary Spanish from this Renaissance Venetian text. Consequently, the translator has paid particular attention to the diachronic and dialectological difficulties found in the original version, linguistic challenges that are illustrated in a contrastive way by providing the philological alternatives found for the target text.
La intercomprensión románica se revela una herramienta de gran valor al servicio de los hablantes de lenguas romances. A nivel traductológico, esta similitud lingüística es de gran ayuda, pues, gracias a ella, el traductor puede trasladar a su idioma materno, sin excesivos artificios, el mensaje expresado en otro texto romance. Atento a esta coyuntura, el traductor al castellano del inicio de la segunda jornada de Il merito delle donne de Moderata Fonte centra su atención en los obstáculos ocasionados por la traslación al español de este texto veneciano renacentista. De ahí que el traductor haya hecho especial hincapié en los escollos diacrónicos y dialectológicos presentes en la versión original, retos lingüísticos que este artículo ejemplifica de forma contrastiva y que dan cuenta de las alternativas filológicas adoptadas en el texto meta.
This empirical study examines the importance of dialect and dialect use in Switzerland. Based on interdisciplinary approaches, it explores the extent to which linguistic perception and assessment on ...the part of laypersons is connected to actual language use. It shows that dialects are constructed by means of discursive processes and reproduced in language use. In this way, it illuminates how speakers create dialects.
The following presentation is based on the lexical material from vols 1–3 published so far in
ALRR. Sinteză ALRR. Synthesis The Romanian linguistic atlas by regions. Synthesis - ALRR. Synthesis. I, ...2007, II, 2012, III, 2018, which includes the answers to the first two chapters of the NALR Questionnaire: 1. Human body (body parts, diseases, physical and moral qualities) (vols I and II of the atlas) and 2. Family (relatives, birth, marriage, death) (vol. III of the atlas). The present study highlights the presence of German loanwords over a wider area than it was known until now. It is worth mentioning, in this respect, German loanwords that have entered the southern area or that have acquired here meanings that are not attested in other areas of the country: tro̯ácă ‘skull’ (Oltenia), ‘cradle’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), scrofuri ‘tonsils (goiter)’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), tron ‘coffin’ (compact area in Oltenia).
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