The ability to navigate the Web via the keyboard interface is critical to people with various types of disabilities. However, modern websites often violate web accessibility guidelines for keyboard ...navigability with respect to web dialogs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically detecting web accessibility bugs that prevent or hinder keyboard users' ability to navigate dialogs in web pages. An extensive evaluation of our technique on real-world subjects showed that our technique is effective in detecting these dialog-related keyboard navigation failures.
Artykuł omawia postulowany przez papieża Franciszka dialog w życiu i misji Kościoła. Przedstawia analizy wypowiedzi papieża Franciszka oraz jego poprzedników i dokumentów Soboru Watykańskiego II. ...Prezentuje papieskie rozumienie dialogu oraz jego antropologiczne i teologiczne podstawy. Uzasadnia dialogiczny wymiar przepowiadania kościelnego i postuluje stosowanie w nim metod inkulturacji i akomodacji oraz wspólnotowego rozeznawania znaków czasów. Wskazuje, że dialog jest metodą duszpasterską, która pozwala urzeczywistniać soborową wizję Kościoła jako wspólnoty. Omawia zaproponowaną przez papieża Franciszka synodalność jako styl życia Kościoła w dialogu wewnątrzkościelnym. Podkreśla potrzebę formacji do dialogu duchownych i świeckich oraz pogłębienie eklezjologii Soboru Watykańskiego II przez katechezę. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że dialog jest właściwym narzędziem przeobrażenia misyjnego Kościoła, do którego wzywa papież Franciszek.
For the most part, Machiavelli’s
has been studied as a military treatise, which had produced different interpretations and applications. Whereas military historians assumed that Machiavelli somewhat ...underestimated the role of the so-called gunpowder revolution, recent scholarship stresses the political dimensions of the text and its reception in different contexts. This article focuses on the poetics of the dialogue, which cannot be reduced to propositional contents. Instead of teaching specific strategies and tactics of warfare, the
engages its readers in a military dialogue in a more radical sense. It enacts the very dynamics of war and battle by staging the complex and often contradictory conditions and foundations of speech and (military and political) theory on the one hand and its potential interactions with conflicting historical realities on the other. By combining different generic traditions of the literary dialogue from Plato to Cicero and Petrarch it performs a Machiavellian
as the very form of military and militant intervention which concerns not only the practice of warfare, but human activity as such.
•Proposed an encoder–decoder for joint dialog act segmentation and recognition.•Used an attentional mechanism to integrate contextual information in dialogs.•Showed that exploiting context improves ...recognition accuracy.•The proposed model outperforms conventional models significantly.
A dialog act represents the communicative function of an utterance in a conversation, and thus provides informative cues for understanding, managing, and generating dialog. While most spoken dialog systems process user input and system output at the turn level, a single turn can consist of multiple dialog acts in human conversations. Therefore, segmenting turn-level tokens into a meaningful dialog act unit is just as important as recognizing the dialog act. Towards joint segmentation and recognition of dialog acts, we propose an encoder–decoder model featuring joint coding and incorporate contextual information by means of an attentional mechanism. The proposed encoder–decoder outperforms other models in segmentation, and the application of attentions significantly reduces recognition error rates. By combining the encoder–decoder model with contextual attention, we achieve state-of-the-art performance in the joint evaluation of dialog act segmentation and recognition.
The modern dialogue movement has gained worldwide significance. Based upon genuine archival work, the authors of the present book reconstruct the history of the movement from 1900 to 2000. Looking at ...central episodes in the history of 11 international dialogue organizations, they identify 3 distinct groups that are shaping the movement: individual religious virtuosi, countercultural activists, and representatives of religious institutions.
There is a resurgent interest in developing intelligent open-domain dialog systems due to the availability of large amounts of conversational data and the recent progress on neural approaches to ...conversational AI 33. Unlike traditional task-oriented bots, an open-domain dialog system aims to establish long-term connections with users by satisfying the human need for communication, affection, and social belonging. This article reviews the recent work on neural approaches that are devoted to addressing three challenges in developing such systems:
semantics
,
consistency
, and
interactiveness
.
Semantics
requires a dialog system to not only understand the content of the dialog but also identify users’ emotional and social needs during the conversation.
Consistency
requires the system to demonstrate a consistent personality to win users’ trust and gain their long-term confidence.
Interactiveness
refers to the system’s ability to generate interpersonal responses to achieve particular social goals such as entertainment and conforming. The studies we select to present in this survey are based on our unique views and are by no means complete. Nevertheless, we hope that the discussion will inspire new research in developing more intelligent open-domain dialog systems.
For addressees to respond in a timely fashion, they cannot simply process the speaker's utterance as it occurs and wait till it finishes. Instead, they predict both when the speaker will conclude and ...what linguistic forms will be used. While doing this, they must also prepare their own response. To explain this, we draw on the account proposed by Pickering and Garrod (2013a), in which addressees covertly imitate the speaker's utterance and use this to determine the intention that underlies their upcoming utterance. They use this intention to predict when and how the utterance will end, and also to drive their own production mechanisms for preparing their response. Following Arnal and Giraud (2012), we distinguish between mechanisms that predict timing and content. In particular, we propose that the timing mechanism relies on entrainment of low-frequency oscillations between speech envelope and brain. This constrains the context that feeds into the determination of the speaker's intention and hence the timing and form of the upcoming utterance. This approach typically leads to well-timed contributions, but also provides a mechanism for resolving conflicts, for example when there is unintended speaker overlap.
The concept of character formation (Danish: dannelse; German: Bildung) is contested. This paper firstly outlines (quite briefly) a theory of ’dannelse’, dannelse as humanity/being humane, by ...introducing the ideal of impartiality. This implies that the concept of ’dannelse’ is derived from the philosophy of culture/philosophical anthropology, and then moved into pedagogical philosophy, thereby shifting position from something to be achieved towards a guidance. Secondly, it will be presented why and how this is meaningful for pedagogic, education and teaching, including how it helps and guides teaching, understanding, choice, and defense of subject matters. This includes, thirdly, presenting in which way thinking along a notion of ’dannelse’ gives meaning to the concept of truth, and assists in handling the ideals of enlightenment (reason, freedom, and knowledge), without ignoring the complexity and darker sides of human being.
Conversational recommendation systems are crucial for making recommendations agreeable to the user. To reach an agreeable recommendation, this study proposes a dialog strategy that represents a ...reasonable order of items and elicits the current estimation by the wording of utterances based on the subjective preference estimation. We developed two dialog functions for the topic and word choice based on the history of preference estimations. The human impression of a robot's diligence, understanding capability, and satisfaction were evaluated through a conversation with a virtual robot using a crowdsourcing platform. We compared six conditions that differed based on two topics and three wording patterns. The experimental results indicated that the main effect of the wording patterns, whereas one of the topic choices was not found to be significant. Further analysis showed that accurate estimation improves the robot's impression when demonstrating its diligence.
The concept of character formation (Danish: dannelse; German: Bildung) is contested. This paper firstly outlines (quite briefly) a theory of ’dannelse’, dannelse as humanity/being humane, by ...introducing the ideal of impartiality. This implies that the concept of ’dannelse’ is derived from the philosophy of culture/philosophical anthropology, and then moved into pedagogical philosophy, thereby shifting position from something to be achieved towards a guidance. Secondly, it will be presented why and how this is meaningful for pedagogic, education and teaching, including how it helps and guides teaching, understanding, choice, and defense of subject matters. This includes, thirdly, presenting in which way thinking along a notion of ’dannelse’ gives meaning to the concept of truth, and assists in handling the ideals of enlightenment (reason, freedom, and knowledge), without ignoring the complexity and darker sides of human being.
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