Truth and truthfulness Williams, Bernard
2002., 20100728, 2010, 2002, 2002-01-01, 20020101
eBook
What does it mean to be truthful? What role does truth play in our lives? What do we lose if we reject truthfulness? No philosopher is better suited to answer these questions than Bernard Williams. ...Writing with his characteristic combination of passion and elegant simplicity, he explores the value of truth and finds it to be both less and more than we might imagine.
Although ultrasound (US) is routinely used for the preoperative evaluation of neck nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the diagnostic role of computed tomography (CT) has not ...been established. The purpose of our study is to determine the diagnostic accuracies of US, CT, and combined US and CT (US/CT) for detecting metastatic neck nodes in patients with PTC.
165 consecutive patients (140 females and 25 males, mean age 47.9 years) with surgically proven PTC underwent US and CT for preoperative evaluation. CT was performed 2 or 3 months before radioiodine therapy. We assessed the diagnostic accuracies of US, CT, and US/CT using level-by-level analysis.
In terms of predicting node metastases, overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of US were 51%, 92%, 77%, 81%, and 76%, respectively. Those of CT were 62%, 93%, 81%, 84%, and 80%, respectively, and those of US/CT were 66%, 88%, 79%, 77%, and 81%, respectively, at all neck levels. US/CT significantly increased sensitivity and demonstrated similar specificity compared with US alone in lateral neck levels (p = 0.02 and p = 1.0, respectively). US/CT increased sensitivity (p = 0.01), but decreased specificity compared with US alone in the central neck levels (p = 0.02). CT provided additional benefit for detecting metastatic nodes at more than one level in 8% of all patients, in 14% of patients with suspected nodal metastasis on US, and in 25% of patients with metastatic lymph nodes.
The US/CT combination was found to be superior to US alone for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in the lateral neck levels in PTC patients by level-by-level analysis.
Dialog Enhancement (DE) is a feature which allows a user to increase the level of dialog in TV or movie content relative to nondialog sounds. When only the original mix is available, DE is ..."unguided," and requires source separation. In this paper, we describe the DeepSpace system, which performs source separation using both dynamic spatial cues and source cues to support unguided DE. Its technologies include spatio-level filtering (SLF) and deep-learning based dialog classification and denoising. Using subjective listening tests, we show that DeepSpace demonstrates significantly improved overall performance relative to state-of-the-art systems available for testing. We explore the feasibility of using existing automated metrics to evaluate unguided DE systems.
Several of the currently used anticancer drugs may variably affect thyroid function, with impairment ranging from modified total but not free concentration of thyroid hormones to overt thyroid ...disease.
Cytotoxic agents seem to alter thyroid function in a relatively small proportion of adult patients. Anticancer hormone drugs may mainly alter serum levels of thyroid hormone-binding proteins without clinically relevant thyroid dysfunction. Old immunomodulating drugs, such as interferon-α and interleukin-2, are known to induce variably high incidence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Newer immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies, are responsible for a relatively low incidence of thyroiditis and may induce secondary hypothyroidism resulting from hypophysitis. Central hypothyroidism is a well-recognized side effect of bexarotene. Despite their inherent selectivity, tyrosine kinase inhibitors may cause high rates of thyroid dysfunction. Notably, thyroid toxicity seems to be restricted to tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting key kinase-receptors in angiogenic pathways, but not other kinase-receptors (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptors family or c-KIT). In addition, a number of these agents may also increase the levothyroxine requirement in thyroidectomized patients.
The pathophysiology of thyroid toxicity induced by many anticancer agents is not fully clarified and for others it remains speculative. Thyroid dysfunction induced by anticancer agents is generally manageable and dose reduction or discontinuation of these agents is not required. The prognostic relevance of thyroid autoimmunity, overt and subclinical hypothyroidism induced by anticancer drugs, the value of thyroid hormone replacement in individuals with abnormal thyrotropin following anticancer systemic therapy, and the correct timing of replacement therapy in cancer patients need to be defined more accurately in well-powered prospective clinical trials.
Writing about the Other arouses questions of representation, and specifically the risk of Othering, that is, the risk of portraying the other essentially different, and translating this difference to ...inferiority. In this article the authors discuss the textual mechanisms that create Othering and suggest three modes of writing that have the potential to resist Othering: (1) narrative, which enables the retrieval of subjectivity; (2) dialog, which reveals the personal history of the research participant and her interpretation regarding it; and (3) reflexivity, which transforms the text by adding the author’s own feelings, experiences, and history as a vehicle to understand the research participant. The article presents the importance of resisting Othering in academic writing, exemplifies the three modes, and discusses their potential contribution.
Indonesia memiliki keragaman budaya dan setiap budaya memiliki ciri khas masing-masing dan budaya-budaya tersebut tidak bisa di hilangkan. Suku Tenggeradalah salah satu daerah yang memiliki ...keistimewaan dengan budayanya yang disebut entas-entas, Budaya ini merupakan ritual yang diadakan untuk memperingati kematian dan untuk memohon kepada Sang Maha Agung agar arwah yang telah meninggal mendapat tempat yang baik. Agama Kristen perlu memiliki misi untuk mengkomunikasikan Kristus kepada Suku Tengger. Misi tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan dialog apologetik. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian etnografi dan teologis. Pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan studi alkitab. Dialog apologetis disusun berdasarkan teori conversational evangelism dari Geisler. Dialog apologetik juga mengacu pada teori God and Culture dari Richard Neighbour. Dialog apologetik yang disusun dalam suatu dialog imajiner yang dapat dikembangkan dan dipraktikan oleh setiap orang percaya. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah memperoleh Model Dialog imajiner sebagai model untuk mengkomunikasikan Kristus pada masyarakat Tengger. Dialog apologetis yang dihasilkan berupa 12 butir pertanyaan model bertanya dan mengarahkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu dialog pra-penginjilan yang efektif menjangkau masyarakat yang menghidupi kebudayaan terkhusus masyarakat Tengger.
•An advanced end to end conversation system for the 6-th edition of Dialog System Technology Challenge (DSTC6).•Applying sequence adversarial training with extension of the objective function to ...improve both objective and subjective evaluation metrics.•Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) based system combination of multiple neural conversation models.•Example-based response selection using an embedding-based context similarity.•Thorough evaluation of three different neural conversation models, training techniques, and decoding strategies using a help-desk dialog task in DSTC6.
This paper presents adversarial training and decoding methods for neural conversation models that can generate natural responses given dialog contexts. In our prior work, we built several end-to-end conversation systems for the 6th Dialog System Technology Challenges (DSTC6) Twitter help-desk dialog task. These systems included novel extensions of sequence adversarial training, example-based response extraction, and Minimum Bayes-Risk based system combination. In DSTC6, our systems achieved the best performance in most objective measures such as BLEU and METEOR scores and decent performance in a subjective measure based on human rating. In this paper, we provide a complete set of our experiments for DSTC6 and further extend the training and decoding strategies more focusing on improving the subjective measure, where we combine responses of three adversarial models. Experimental results demonstrate that the extended methods improve the human rating score and outperform the best score in DSTC6.
The article analyzes the dialogical nature of the concepts of “tolerance”, “freedom”, “openness”. The interpretation of the dialogical relationship and the appearance of “Other” in it as opposed to ...“I” through the prism of the concepts of M. Buber and G. Marcel are analyzed. The impact of philosophers of dialogue on the formation of the modern meaning of the concepts “tolerance”, “other”, “openness” is substantiated. The dialogical methodology of interpersonal communications as one of the options for political interaction is considered. The relation “I-You” and the relation “I-It” as principles of construction of mass communication and interpersonal interaction are investigated. The rise in understanding the “Other” in the context of the type of interaction with it is illustrated. The need for mutual openness to enable tolerance is established. Tolerance is seen as the mutual acceptance of two equal freedoms without a dichotomous division into primary and secondary. On the example of dialogic concepts of M. Buber and G. Marcel, the types of dialogical interaction with the “Other” and the possible interpretation of the “Other”, including its typology, are demonstrated. The influence of dialogic interpretation of intersubjective connection on the formation of modern European values is determined.
The development of the thyroid follicular cell has been well characterized as it progresses from the original stem cell, either embryonic or adult, through a series of transitions to form a ...differentiated and functional thyroid cell.
In this review, we briefly outline what is known about this transitional process with emphasis on characterizing the thyroid progenitor stem cell by using data obtained from both
and
studies and both mouse and human cells. It is of particular importance to note the influence of independent factors that guide the transcriptional control of the developing thyroid cell as it is subjected to extracellular signals, often working via epigenetic changes, and initiating intrinsic transcriptional changes leading to a functional cell.
Thyroid stem cells fall into the category of dispositional stem cells and are greatly influenced by their environment.
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