Fearing that our overreliance on an individual, heroic model of leadership will only continue to dampen the energy and creativity of people in our organizations and communities, this essay proposes a ...practice perspective of leadership based on a collaborative agency mobilized through engaged social interaction. After briefly reviewing the emerging practice tradition in leadership studies, the article turns to the inseparable connection between leadership and agency and discusses how structure may pacify but, under dialogic conditions, release agency. Acknowledging the cultural constraints against collaborative agency, the account affirms its potential realization through interpersonal interaction and sociality. Specific leadership activities associated with collaborative agency and their conditions are illustrated. The paper concludes by showing how the collaborative agentic model might produce a more sustainable future for our world while suggesting avenues for future research of a collective rather than a personal approach to leadership.
POST-WAR JAPANESE PACIFISM AS A TOOL FOR BUILDING INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE
The end of World War II marked the beginning of a long and complicated process of reconstructing a collective identity for the ...Japanese people, a process that largely continues to this day. The best example of this is the presence of contrasting attitudes toward the events of the war. This article highlights issues related to pacifist values and their relevance to the collective identity of contemporary Japanese. With the collapse of the previous identity at the end of World War II, pacifism has become one of the key values for contemporary Japanese. Using the concept of “core values” developed by Jerzy Smolicz, this article examines postwar pacifist movements from the mid-1950s through the 21st century.
Although automated dialog systems are now being used in various applications, it is difficult to say whether they will ever be able to acquire the ability to converse as naturally as people do. As a ...result, various methods for detecting dialog breakdowns have been proposed. However, the effect of the user's personality on breakdown detection accuracy and user response to these breakdowns have not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, in this study we analyze the relationship between user personality traits and individual differences in responses to dialog breakdowns by conducting dialog experiments.
Since the beginning of its history, Islam has encountered other religious communities both in Arabia and in the territories conquered during its expansion. Muslims faced other religions from the ...position of a ruling power and were therefore able to determine the nature of that relationship in accordance with their world-view and beliefs. Yohanan Friedmann's original and erudite study examines questions of religious tolerance as they appear in the Qur'an and in the prophetic tradition, and analyses the principle that Islam is exalted above all religions, discussing the ways in which this principle was reflected in various legal pronouncements. The book also considers the various interpretations of the Qur'anic verse according to which 'No compulsion is there in religion …', noting that, despite the apparent meaning of this verse, Islamic law allowed the practice of religious coercion against Manichaeans and Arab idolaters, as well as against women and children in certain circumstances.
This paper presents an analysis of how three interlocutors sequentially organize and accomplish mutual understanding in naturally occurring audiovisual recordings of therapy sessions. The analysis is ...in keeping with microanalysis of face-to-face dialog (MFD) and follows operational definitions of three-step micro-processes that interlocutors use when they calibrate new information; that is, how they agree that they have understood each other’s words and actions well enough for current practical purposes. Pointing to some of the complexities that characterize triadic interactions, the analysis contributes with new documentations of ‘suspended’, ‘nested’, ‘branched’, ‘multi-paced’, and ‘mixed interpretations’ calibrations. The analysis also demonstrates how interlocutors may calibrate the ‘tone’ of an utterance before the topical content is mutually understood. The results and their implications may be relevant to practitioners of institutional talks at large, where the quality and outcome of, for instance, assessments and interventions largely rely on accomplishing mutual understanding.
Katecheza zawsze odbywa się w konkretnych warunkach i w konkretnych czasach. Nie może być oderwana od rzeczywistości, nie może „rozmijać” się z problemami przeżywanymi przez katechizowanych. W tym ...znaczeniu ponowoczesność i cechujący ją sekularyzm stawiają katechezę w nowych warunkach, w sytuacji, która wymaga rozpoznania, a następnie rozeznania, jak w tej nowej rzeczywistości możliwe jest głoszenie katechezy, jak możliwe jest dotarcie z Ewangelią do współczesnego człowieka. Artykuł podejmuje namysł nad możliwościami dialogu katechetycznego z człowiekiem żyjącym w ponowoczesności, którą charakteryzuje zjawisko sekularyzacji. Refleksja przeprowadzona będzie w dwóch punktach. Najpierw ukazany zostanie kontekst, w którym zarysowuje się współczesny dialog katechetyczny. Następnie wyartykułowane zostaną konkretne zagadnienia, które mogą stanowić swoistą przestrzeń spotkania (konieczną do zaistnienia dialogu) z człowiekiem ponowoczesności. Całość zakończy krytyczne podsumowanie.
The ability to navigate the Web via the keyboard interface is critical to people with various types of disabilities. However, modern websites often violate web accessibility guidelines for keyboard ...navigability with respect to web dialogs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically detecting web accessibility bugs that prevent or hinder keyboard users' ability to navigate dialogs in web pages. An extensive evaluation of our technique on real-world subjects showed that our technique is effective in detecting these dialog-related keyboard navigation failures.
•DSTC7: Dialog Challenge to build more robust and accurate end-to-end dialog systems.•Track 1, Sentence selection for multiple domains, including variations where there are a large number of ...candidate options, and where the candidate set has zero, one, or multiple correct options.•Track 2, Beyond Chitchat: Generation of informational responses grounded in external knowledge.•Track 3, Audio visual scene-aware dialog systems to allow dynamic conversations about objects and events around users.
This paper provides detailed information about the seventh Dialog System Technology Challenge (DSTC7) and its three tracks aimed to explore the problem of building robust and accurate end-to-end dialog systems. In more detail, DSTC7 focuses on developing and exploring end-to-end technologies for the following three pragmatic challenges: (1) sentence selection for multiple domains, (2) generation of informational responses grounded in external knowledge, and (3) audio visual scene-aware dialog to allow conversations with users about objects and events around them.
This paper summarizes the overall setup and results of DSTC7, including detailed descriptions of the different tracks, provided datasets and annotations, overview of the submitted systems and their final results. For Track 1, LSTM-based models performed best across both datasets, allowing teams to effectively handle task variants where no correct answer was present or when multiple paraphrases were included. For Track 2, RNN-based architectures augmented to incorporate facts by using two types of encoders: a dialog encoder and a fact encoder plus using attention mechanisms and a pointer-generator approach provided the best results. Finally, for Track 3, the best model used Hierarchical Attention mechanisms to combine the text and vision information obtaining a 22% better result than the baseline LSTM system for the human rating score.
More than 220 participants were registered and about 40 teams participated in the final challenge. 32 scientific papers reporting the systems submitted to DSTC7, and 3 general technical papers for dialog technologies, were presented during the one-day wrap-up workshop at AAAI-19. During the workshop, we reviewed the state-of-the-art systems, shared novel approaches to the DSTC7 tasks, and discussed the future directions for the challenge (DSTC8).
The modern dialogue movement has gained worldwide significance. Based upon genuine archival work, the authors of the present book reconstruct the history of the movement from 1900 to 2000. Looking at ...central episodes in the history of 11 international dialogue organizations, they identify 3 distinct groups that are shaping the movement: individual religious virtuosi, countercultural activists, and representatives of religious institutions.
