A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of silicon (diatomaceous earth, DE) fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 in the ...new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. Results showed that application of silicon significantly increased grain and straw yield as well as yield-attributing parameters such as plant height (cm), number of tillers m ⁻², number of panicle m ⁻², and 1000-grain weight (g) of rice. The greatest grain and straw yields were observed in the treatment T ₆ (DE at 600 kg ha ⁻¹ in combination with standard fertilizer practice (SFP). The concentration and uptake of silicon, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in grain and straw were also greater under this treatment compared to others. It was concluded that application of DE at 600 kg ha ⁻¹ along with SFP resulted increased grain, straw, and uptake of NPK.
•Established a facile method to prepare diatomaceous earth-based fluorescent powders.•Demonstrated basic principle of developing and enhancing latent fingerprints.•Constructed a high-efficiency ...fingerprint image capture and processing system.•Yielded faithful and high-quality images of latent fingerprints on various substrates.
Latent fingerprints, by definition, are not directly visible traces that usually found at crime scenes and need physical or chemical treatment before image capture and fingerprint identification. Research of novel powders for latent fingerprint development and establishment of efficient methods for fingerprint image enhancement have always been key focuses in forensic science and related fields involving chemistry, materials science and biology. Relying on physical adsorption between cationic fluorophores and porous silica, Rhodamine B-diatomaceous earth composites have been prepared as novel fluorescent fingerprint powders. A luminescence mode for latent fingerprint development and image enhancement that matches the fluorescence characteristics of these composites has been theoretically explained and a fingerprint image capture and processing system designed based on it has been successfully constructed. In the luminescence mode, the first and second level information of a latent fingerprint on the surface of an object showing either background interference or not can be precisely visualized and captured. This entire approach is demonstrated to be promising for scenarios of practical application.
In this study, we used Fe
O
/diatomite material system toward ciprofloxacin (CIP) photo-Fenton removal in water under visible light (vis) excitation. The characterization of Fe
O
/diatomite catalysts ...was determined by X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The photo-Fenton catalytic activity of the Fe
O
/diatomite was appraised by the removal efficiency of the CIP throughout the effect of the H
O
with various parameters such as initial pH, catalyst amount, and H
O
amount. The results indicate that 0.2 gL
Fe
O
/diatomite catalysts achieved the highest performance at approximately 90.03% with a 50 μL H
O
concentration. Furthermore, the Fe
O
/diatomite catalysts have high stability, with over 80% CIP removed after five cycles. This study is inspired to develop a potential material for photo-Fenton degradation of antibiotics in wastewater.
•Si fertilization attenuates salt stress on onion plants.•Si fertilization increases onions grown and yield under salt stress conditions.•Si fertilization improves onions postharvest quality in salt ...stress conditions.•Si fertilization increases onions organic acid in salt stress conditions.
Salinity limits agricultural yield in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Silicon (Si) benefits plants under abiotic stresses. However, Si fertilization in the yield of onion plants under salt stress are less well known. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate Si fertilization in onion yield, physiology and postharvest quality irrigated with saline water. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks, with four replicates, and treatments were arranged in split plots. The plots had four water electrical conductivity (0.65, 1.7, 2.8 and 4.1 dS m−1) and the subplots had five Si levels (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8 and 166.4 kg ha−1 of Si), in the form a diatomaceous earth-based fertilizer derived from the species Melosira granulata. Waters high salinity reduced onion yield and bulb fresh mass, and increasing small bulbs (<50 mm) production. Waters high salinity hampered onion plants membrane instability index, relative water content and contents of total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. Waters high salinity too hampered onion firmness, pH, soluble solids concentration, and SS/TA ratio. Si fertilization increased onion yield, bulb fresh mass and production of large bulbs (≥ 50 mm), and saline stress attenuation occurred up to 2.8 dS m−1. Si fertilization improved onion plants chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sugars, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and pyruvic acids content. Si fertilization promoted onions acclimatization to salt stress, because increasing the synthesis of soluble sugars, ascorbic acids, and thio-compounds identifiable in PyA. Therefore, we recommend 78.5 kg ha−1 of Si for onion plants under saline stress conditions.
Uromodulin (Umod, Tamm–Horsfall protein) is the most abundant urinary N -glycoprotein produced exclusively by the kidney. It can form filaments to antagonize the adhesion of uropathogens. However, ...the site-specific N -glycosylation signatures of Umod in healthy individuals and patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain poorly understood due to the lack of suitable isolation and analytical methods. In this study, we first presented a simple and fast method based on diatomaceous earth adsorption to isolate Umod. These isolated glycoproteins were digested by trypsin and/or Glu-C. Intact N -glycopeptides with or without HILIC enrichment were analyzed using our developed EThcD-sceHCD-MS/MS. Based on the optimized workflow, we identified a total of 780 unique intact N -glycopeptides (7 N -glycosites and 152 N -glycan compositions) from healthy individuals. As anticipated, these glycosites exhibited glycoform heterogeneity. Almost all N -glycosites were modified completely by the complex type, except for one N -glycosite (N275), which was nearly entirely occupied by the high-mannose type for mediating Umod's antiadhesive activity. Then, we compared the N -glycosylation of Umod between healthy controls ( n = 9) and IgAN patients ( n = 9). The N -glycosylation of Umod in IgAN patients will drastically decrease and be lost. Finally, we profiled the most comprehensive site-specific N -glycosylation map of Umod and revealed its alterations in IgAN patients. Our method provides a high-throughput workflow for characterizing the N -glycosylation of Umod, which can aid in understanding its roles in physiology and pathology, as well as serving as a potential diagnostic tool for evolution of renal tubular function.
Diatomite frustules decorated by nano Ni/NiO nanoparticles (Diatomite@Ni/NiO) were synthesized as a novel photocatalyst for effective degradation of malachite green cationic dye (M.G) and ...photocatalytic-reduction of Cr (VI) ions. The composite was characterized by different analytical techniques and revealed enhancing in the surface area (400 m2/g), 5.8 nm as average pore diameter and showed lower band gap energy (1.71 eV) than NiO as single phase. The photocatalytic activity of the composite in the removal of M.G and reduction of Cr (VI) was evaluated under visible light considering the pH, illumination time, catalyst mass, and the pollutants concentrations. The results revealed complete removal of 25 mg/L M.G can be achieved using 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg and 50 mg of the after 150 min, 90 min, 60 min, and 30 min, respectively. The complete degradation of 50 mg/L can be obtained after 240 min, 90 min, and 60 min using 20 mg, 40 mg, and 50 mg of the catalyst, respectively. This also was reported for the photocatlytic-reduction of 25 mg/L of Cr(VI) ions as the complete reduction was estimated after 180 min, 60 min and 30 min using 20 mg, 40 mg, and 50 mg, respectively. Also, 50 mg/L of Cr (VI) can be completely reduced after 240 min, 90 min, and 60 min using 20 mg, 40 mg, and 50 mg as catalyst dosage, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of M.G controlled mainly by the generated electron-hole pairs and the superoxide species while the photocatalytic-reduction of Cr (VI) controlled mainly by the directly excited electrons of Ni/NiO and partially by the formed superoxide radicals. Hence, the synthetic diatomite@Ni/NiO composite can be considered as potential photocatalyst in the degradation of M.G dye and photoreduction of Cr (VI) ions.
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•Diatomite@Ni/NiO composite was synthesized as potential photocatalyst under visible light.•The composite exhibits lower band gap energy (1.6 eV) than NiO and of high surface area (400 m2/g).•It was applied effectively in degradation of malachite green (M.G) dye and reduction of Cr(VI).•25 mg/L of M.G and Cr(VI) can be removed after 30 min using 5 g/L of the composite as catalyst dosage.•The removal of M.G controlled mainly by the electron-hole pairs and Cr(VI) by excited electrons.
•Properties of LWA concrete made from diatomaceous earth (DE) were studied.•Aggregates made by burning chunks of DE produced non-structural LWA concrete.•Aggregates made through DE pellets were able ...to produce structural LWA concrete.•The addition of 5% sawdust to the pellet increased the properties of LWA concrete.
Diatomaceous earth has a low density and this makes the material useful in producing lightweight aggregates. Therefore, this research was conducted to study the mechanical properties including the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength as well as the absorption of the lightweight concrete produced from the lightweight aggregates. Moreover, two methods were used to produce lightweight aggregates and the first was by burning diatomaceous earth chunks at a temperature of 650 °C and crushing them with a stone crusher while the second involved refining the material to make pellets after which it was burned at 650 °C. Two types of pellet were produced using diatomaceous earth only and with the addition of 5% sawdust due to the fact that the significance of this study was to utilize the diatomaceous earth as lightweight aggregates in lightweight concrete production. The lightweight concrete produced from the aggregates made using the first method had a density ranging between 1121 kg/m3 to 1181 kg/m3, however, based on its strength it can only be used as a non-structural element and an insulating material. Meanwhile, the concrete produced from the aggregate made using the second method as coarse aggregate and river sand as fine aggregate had a density of 1832 kg/m3 and based on its strength it can be classified as a lightweight structural concrete. Furthermore, the addition of 5% sawdust to the pellets had the ability to improve the mechanical properties, reduce the absorption, and decrease the density of the lightweight concrete.
Silicon is produced in a variety of ways as an ultra-high capacity lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode material. The traditional carbothermic reduction process required is expensive and energy-intensive; ...in this work, we use an efficient magnesiothermic reduction to convert the silica-based frustules within diatomaceous earth (diatomite, DE) to nanosilicon (nanoSi) for use as LIB anodes. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was used as a binder for the DE-based nanoSi anodes for the first time, being attributed for the high silicon utilization under high current densities (up to 4C). The resulting nanoSi exhibited a high BET specific surface area of 162.6 cm
g
, compared to a value of 7.3 cm
g
for the original DE. DE contains SiO
architectures that make ideal bio-derived templates for nanoscaled silicon. The DE-based nanoSi anodes exhibit good cyclability, with a specific discharge capacity of 1102.1 mAh g
after 50 cycles at a C-rate of C/5 (0.7 A g
) and high areal loading (2 mg cm
). This work also demonstrates the fist rate capability testing for a DE-based Si anode; C-rates of C/30 - 4C were tested. At 4C (14.3 A g
), the anode maintained a specific capacity of 654.3 mAh g
- nearly 2x higher than graphite's theoretical value (372 mAh g
).
NiO nanoparticles were synthesized and modified with Ni0 in the form of Ni/NiO blend and supported on a porous diatomite substrate, forming hybrid structures of NiO/D and Ni@NiO/D with enhanced ...photocatalytic performances. The obtained structures were applied for the effective oxidation of acephate pesticides under visible light. The obtained results demonstrated enhancement in the catalytic performance of Ni@NiO/D compared to NiO, Ni/NiO, and NiO/D structures. The full oxidation of AC (50 mg L−1) was determined after 40 min using Ni@NiO/D at doses of 0.5 g L−1. Moreover, the complete mineralization of AC molecules over Ni@NiO/D was detected after 70 min, considering the complete removal of TOC and the detection of essential inorganic anions (NO3− (7.6 × 10−5 mol L−1), SO42− (1.7 × 10−5 mol L−1), and PO43− (5.4 × 10−5 mol L−1)). The oxidation pathway was illustrated by considering the estimated intermediates and the detection of hydroxyl radicals as main oxidizing species. The toxicity of untreated AC solutions and degraded intermediates was analyzed by assessing their inhibitory effect on Vibrio fischeri. Samples that underwent partial oxidation during their initial examination exhibited a greater degree of toxicity (65.3% inhibition) compared to AC. Nevertheless, a sample subjected to an 80 minute treatment exhibited neglected toxicity (1.4% inhibition). The combination of the diatomite substrate and Ni0 doping enhanced the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of NiO.
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