Claws of avian raptors have been used to make symbolic objects and decorations in many geographic regions and cultures; thus, their species identification increases our ability to draw more in‐depth ...conclusions from zooarcheological materials. It is the first ever manual for identification of ungual phalanges of European Accipitridae. It can be used in conjunction with a previously published manual for owls and falcons as well as independently.
This study was aimed at addressing the problematic taxonomy of the genus Cissus L. using three species namely; Cissus aralioides (Welw. ex Bak.) Planch, Cissus petiolata Hook.f and Cissus lageniflora ...Gilg and Brandt found in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. The investigation was carried out using morphological, anatomical, epidermal and phytochemical lines of evidence. Macromorphology results showed that Cissus aralioides, Cissus lageniflora and Cissus petiolata matured leaf possess digitately compound leaf type, trifoliate compound leaf type and simple leaf type respectively. Micromorphological results showed that all studied species were hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata type present in the abaxial surface of all species. Epidermal cell shape of the adaxial and abaxial surface of all species were pentagonal and irregular to polygonal respectively. Transverse sections of the petiole of studied species shows an arranged and open vascular bundles in all species, variations where however seen in the number of vascular bundles. Methanolic extract of the three cissus species studied revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like; Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides in the stem and leaf of all species. The results obtained shows that all studied species show diverse characteristic differences but these differences are not adequate and convincing enough to separate them into different genera but it shows that that Cissus aralioides and Cissus lageniflora are more closely related than they are to Cissus petiolate. Moreover, more species and other lines of evidence should be used in future research. A dendogram to the relatedness of the species and a dichotomous bracketed key to their identification is provided. Keywords: Cissus species, Taxonomy, dichotomous key, Dendogram
Species of the nematode genus
are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. The taxonomy of this group is still unclear as it currently relies on phylogenetic reconstructions ...based on a few genetic markers with little resolutive power, specially of closely related species. To fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced several phylogenetically relevant genetic loci and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, to calculate sequence similarity scores, and to determine signatures of species- and population-specific genetic polymorphism. In addition, we revisited the current literature related to the description, synonymisation, and declaration as
of
species to compile taxonomically relevant morphological and morphometric characters, characterized new nematode isolates at the morphological and morphometrical level, and conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments. The results of this study show that the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene provide better phylogenetic resolutive power than the sequences of nuclear rRNA genes and that this gene marker can phylogenetically resolve closely related species and even populations of the same species with high precision. Using this gene marker, we found two new species,
n. sp. and
n. sp. A detailed characterization of these species at the morphological and morphometric levels and nematode reproduction assays revealed that the threshold for species delimitation in this genus, using
sequences, is 97% to 98%. Our study illustrates the importance of rigorous morphological and morphometric characterization and multi-locus sequencing for the description of new species within the genus
, serves to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this important group of biological control agents, and can inform future species descriptions to advance our efforts towards developing more tools for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Myrtaceae is a plant family with outstanding diversity in the neotropics, which species are of difficult identification. Thus, for the differentiation between species to be possible, ...targeted inventories and detailed descriptions are necessary, to develop accessible and reliable identification tools. The goal of this research is to quantify the species richness and describe vegetative characters of Myrtaceae species from a Araucaria Rainforest remnant, through identification of patterns and the elaboration of an dendrological key. For the characterization of trunk and bark, up to five healthy adult individuals of each species were selected, and for branches and leaves, up to three individuals. The voucher material was deposited at the Herbarium EFC. The vegetative morphology of each species was described and an identification key was prepared. 29 species, belonging to 11 genera, were documented: Blepharocalyx (1), Campomanesia (3), Eugenia (5), Myrceugenia (5), Myrcia (8), Myrcianthes (1), Myrciaria (1), Myrrhinium (1), Pimenta (1), Plinia (1) and Psidium (2). The main dendrological characteristics used for the species differentiation were: rhytidome aspect, appearance and colour of the internal bark, venation, punctuations, indumentum and dimensions of the leaf blade. Differentiation was possible using vegetative characters, with greater difficulty for two very similar species of Campomanesia.
Resumo A família Myrtaceae apresenta grande diversidade nos neotrópicos e suas espécies são de difícil identificação, sendo necessários inventários específicos e descrições detalhadas para elaborar ferramentas acessíveis e confiáveis que facilitem sua diferenciação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi quantificar a riqueza e descrever os caracteres macromorfológicos vegetativos das espécies de Myrtaceae de um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, visando identificar padrões e elaborar uma chave dendrológica de identificação. Foram selecionados até 5 indivíduos adultos e sadios por espécie para caracterização de tronco e casca, e até 3 para ramos e folhas. O material testemunho foi depositado no Herbário EFC. Foi descrita a morfologia vegetativa de cada espécie e elaborada uma chave de identificação. Foram encontradas 29 espécies pertencentes à 11 gêneros: Blepharocalyx (1), Campomanesia (3), Eugenia (5), Myrceugenia (5), Myrcia (8), Myrcianthes (1), Myrciaria (1), Myrrhinium (1), Pimenta (1) Plinia (1) e Psidium (2). As principais características dendrológicas utilizadas para diferenciação das espécies foram: aspecto do ritidoma, aparência e cor da casca interna, venação, pontuações, indumento e dimensões do limbo foliar. Foi possível a diferenciação das espécies utilizando caracteres vegetativos, com ressalva para o gênero Campomanesia, que apresenta duas espécies muito similares com maior dificuldade de diferenciação entre si.
Ninety new country records are recorded for 44 species of Anisoscelini Laporte, 1832 (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Informal distributional records are recognized and included, and updated ...distributions are provided for all accounted species. The following new synonymy is proposed: Malvana Stl, 1865 (= Belonomus Uhler, 1869, n. syn.) and Malvana serrulata Stl, 1865 (= Belonomus annulaticornis Uhler, 1869, n. syn.). The rank of one genus is reinstated: Bitta Osuna, 1984, stat. resurr. (formerly a subgenus of Anisoscelis Latreille, 1829). The following new or restored combinations are proposed: Bitta affinis (Westwood, 1840), comb. reins., Bitta alipes (Gurin-Mneville, 1833), comb. reins., Bitta gradadia (Distant, 1881), comb. reins., Bitta hymeniphera (Westwood, 1840), comb. reins., Bitta lurida (Brailovsky, 2016), comb. nov., and Bitta podalica Brailovsky & Mayorga, 1995, comb. reins.. We also present dichotomous keys to the twenty-nine genera of Anisoscelini, and to the species of the genera Anisoscelis Latreille, 1829 and Bitta Osuna, 1984.
Accurate identification of species is key to understanding their ecological roles and evolutionary history. It is also essential in cataloging biodiversity for comparisons among habitat types, ...responses to climate change, effective management practices, and more. The paucity of taxonomic expertise is increasing and with it the ability to competently identify species, this is particularly true for small taxa including rotifers. In an effort to improve this situation, we collated information on morphological characters from the literature on all valid species of sessile Gnesiotrocha (phylum Rotifera) currently assigned to two orders and four families. We review Order Collothecaceae, which comprises families Atrochidae (3 spp.) and Collothecidae (50 spp.) and Order Flosculariaceae, which includes families Conochilidae (7 spp.) and Flosculariidae (71 species). Based on that information, we provide dichotomous keys to the Families, monospecific species in Flosculariidae, and species of Atrochidae, Conochilidae, and Limnias. These keys will aid researchers to identify species in these families and lead to a better understanding of freshwater biodiversity and eco-evolutionary processes.
The objective of this work was to elaborate supporting tools for the correct identification of Scarabaeidae, by an identification key of genera, and a commented list of the species present in ...Brazilian pastures. A data survey was performed on the specimens deposited in the main Brazilian collection and reported on the recent scientific literature. The distribution of the species was identified in the Brazilian states, based on information on feeding preference, ecological aspects, and potential for faeces removal action. The species were classified according to their importance for pastures, as: high, medium, and low. A key for the identification of the genera and subgenera of Scarabeidae present in the pastures was constructed through the analysis of the external morphology of the species and, when needed, by the analysis of sexual traits. Twenty genera and 76 species of scarab beetles were recorded for Brazilian pasturelands, among which Dichotomius bos, Dichotomius nisus, Trichillum externepunctatum, Ontherus appendiculatus, Onthophagus aff. hirculus, and Digitonthophagus sp. were considered as the most frequent, widely distributed, abundant, and important. The dichotomous key will contribute to the identification of the genera and subgenera of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) occurring in the Brazilian pastures.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar ferramentas de apoio para a correta identificação de Scarabaeidae, por meio de uma chave para identificação de gêneros, e uma lista comentada das espécies presentes nas pastagens brasileiras. Levantaram-se os espécimes depositados na principal coleção brasileira e relatados na literatura científica recente. Identificou-se a distribuição das espécies nos estados brasileiros, com informações sobre a preferência alimentar, os aspectos ecológicos e os potenciais para a ação de remoção de fezes. As espécies foram classificadas, de acordo com o grau de importância para pastagens, em: alta, média e baixa. Por meio da análise da morfologia externa das espécies e, quando necessário, dos caracteres sexuais, construiu-se uma chave para a identificação dos gêneros e dos subgêneros de escarabeídeos presentes nas pastagens. Registraram-se 20 gêneros e 76 espécies de besouros rola-bostas para as pastagens brasileiras, entre as quais Dichotomius bos, Dichotomius nisus, Trichillum externepunctatum, Ontherus appendiculatus, Onthophagus aff. hirculus e Digitonthophagus sp. foram consideradas as mais frequentes, amplamente distribuídas, abundantes e importantes. A chave dicotômica contribuirá para a identificação dos gêneros e dos subgêneros de rola-bostas (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) que ocorrem nas pastagens brasileiras.
With more than 1,400 species of bats described worldwide, the order Chiroptera is second only to rodents in ecological and taxonomic diversity. Bats play critically important roles in natural systems ...as seed and pollen dispersers, predators of invertebrates and vertebrates, and sanguinivores. The Central American countries of Costa Rica and Nicaragua have at least 123 species of bats (in nine families and 66 genera), or nearly 10% of the world's known species. Because of the importance of proper species identification for ecological and systematic studies and conservation efforts, we present a dichotomous key to the bats of this region. Our goal is the positive, in-hand identification of living bats that may be released unharmed after identification. Identifying Neotropical bats and understanding the taxonomic changes that affect the names used for the various species over time can be a challenge. This key includes the 123 species known to occur in Costa Rica and Nicaragua as well as three that are expected to occur in these countries but which have not yet been recorded. We provide illustrations of key characters useful for differentiating bats to species and updated taxonomic notes to assist the reader in assessing the literature.
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